type:P(論文)
type:論文

There is an increasing understanding that “early marriage” has a negative
impact on the physical and mental health, as well as the education of girls.
Hence, efforts to eradicate early marriage are being promoted.
Bangladesh is one of the countries with a high rate of early marriages.
Previous studies on early marriage in Bangladesh point out that the level of
education and ignorance towards potential risks are influential factors in
determining the likelihood of early marriage. Therefore, approaches to
eradicate early marriage through the promotion of school education and risk
awareness are being taken. Yet, despite the fact that in Bangladesh – especially
with regards to women – the education index has increased, the rate of early
marriages remains high.
This paper aims to examine the social meanings of and the ways
individuals think about early marriage in Bangladesh through interviews with
people who experienced early marriage. This field research shows that the
actual situation of the participants is different from the prevailing opinion
regarding early marriage that ignorance towards potential risks and low levels
of education are the main causes of early marriages.
This research identifies two key factors underlying early marriage. One is
a growing awareness of the importance of education for having better job
opportunities and a greater income. The second one is the current situation of
women in Bangladesh, who have to rely on marital status for socioeconomic
safety. Parents choose early marriage as a result of the influence of both factors.
In other words, on the one hand there is a traditional understanding of
marriage, as a strategy to avoid potential future risks for girls and women and
ensure a stable social life. On the other hand, marriage is also seen as a way
for girls and young women to continue their education after, which then allows
them to get better employment opportunities, thus raising their and their
family’s status. However, while acknowledging that early marriage is
considered as a new strategy to ensure a better life for girls and young women,
this paper does not affirm early marriage as such. Rather, this paper aims to
question the effectiveness of current measures to end early marriage based on
promoting education and awareness-raising activities in Bangladesh.

本研究ノートは、東アフリカにおいてJICAが実施しているプロジェクトおけるジェンダー視点に立った活動を評価し、その特徴を分析することによって、ジェンダー・メインストリーミングの必要性を明らかにするものである。<BR>プロジェクト活動は、その進行状況を「ステップ」に整理でき、そのステップごとに「ありうべき、ないしは必要とされるジェンダー視点に立った活動要素」が考えらる。本研究ノートは、それらの要素をまとめて「ジェンダー視点の活動9要件」として提示し、各プロジェクトで実際に行われている活動と対比することによって、ジェンダー視点からのプロジェクトの評価を試みる。次に、プロジェクにおけるジェンダー視点に立った活動を促進するうえで、専門家やカウンターパート (ここではフォーカル・ポイントと呼ぶ) が重要な役割を果たしていることを論じる。最後にフォーカル・ポイントの活動とプロジェクトサイクルを構成するPDMとの関係を論じることで、プロジェクト本来の目標をより有効かつ効果的に達成するためには、ジェンダー・メインストリーミングが必要であると結論づける。