RESHAPING SOCIAL NETWORKS IN METROPOLITAN AREAS --CASE STUDY IN KITAKYUSYU CITY -- The political processes within the Japanese Metropolitan areas have experienced dramatic changes because we have become more of a "service oriented", "information-oriented" and "again" society since the 1970s. This situation seems to be true especially in Kitakyusyu City.
Countering to the economic decline of Kitakyushu's industrial area, the City was established by a merger of five cities on equal footing 25 years ago. As a result the new city has suffered from lack of identity among her citizens. Then the city experienced the decline of its core industry, Shin Nippon Seitetu (New Japan Steel) and thus the disruption of the industrial community in this city. Thus the city has confronted the big policy-problem of how to reconstruct the economy and community in this area in the age of a changing and turbulent society.
We have researched the reconstructing processes in many phases of social networks in this City from the viewpoint of political science, public administration, sociology, and social service for two years, from April 1988 to March 1990, and obtained many important findings and information.

本研究は昭和59〜61年度科研費補助大研究「現代家族の機能障害の実態と紛争処理の総合的研究・・・法・政策のための基礎的調査研究」の続編にあたり, その成果を, 深化, 発展させるものである. 当該研究においてわれわれは, 家族機能を活性化させるためには「家族問題総合センター」の設立が必要であることを提唱した(この件に関しては62年1月に文部省公開シンポジウム「大学と科学」で報告). 本研究はこの構想を具体化するために英・仏での実態を明らかにすることを目的とする.我が国は昭和35年以降急激な家族変動に見舞われたため, このことから生じた家族問題に適切に対処する手段を, これまで持たなかった. 翻って英・仏などの先進欧米諸国では, 家族の変動は比較的穏やかに進行し, その過程で生じてきた家族問題に対しても, 様々の有効な処置が講じられてきたと考えられる. そこでこれら一連のファミリー・エージェンシーのシステムを研究し, さらに現在なお存続する家

Une recherche doit avoir sa motivation, son but et son resultat. Les voici, de la notre.Motivation : C'etait nos recherches precedentes en 1984-1986 qui nous suscitaient ce nouveau projet des recherches. En recapitulant des acquis de les premieres sur les fonctions actuelles des services au Japon, qui offrent des soutients molaux et materiels aux divorcees, aux agees et aux jeunes, Monsieur Toru ARICHI, chefd' equipe des rechercheurs, a fait une proposition aussi pratique que theoroque :<<centraliser des services, fonder des centres qui integrent toutes les informations des services disponibles. >>Cette these de centralisation s' impose a l' attention des praticiens, des theoriciens et des autorites administratives au Japon. Elle devait donc etre examinee dans autres contextes sociaux.But : Examiner la necessite et l' efficacite de la these dans les contextes differents des notres.Resultat : Ce serait trop precipite de recolter les fruits de la recherche que nous devons continuer ou plutot recommencer d' apres l' experiences nouvelles, des documents et des materiaux amasses pendant nos sejours en Europe en 1989 et 1990. Nous pouvons constater, cependant, que la conception japode la

After the revision of the Social Service Act for the Aged and the Health and Medical Service Act for the Aged (1990). the municipality, the administrative body closest to the resident is committed to the planning and operating welfare services single-handed.By these amendments the authority to decide on admission to care facilities and the like was sifted from the prefecture to the municipality, while the prefectures and the municipalities were placed under obligation to draw up plans regarding health and welfare services for the elderly.During these process, there were many difficulties for the person in charge of the plan. For, there were two big senses of values. The first is the value of the generalization of the welfare, and the second is the individuality of the welfare.Through this research, included investigations to the person in charge of the plan at FUKUOKA,KUMAMOTO,SAGA,HYOGO and KANAGAWA prefecture, we can draw conclusions as follows. To build up the plans regarding health and welfare services for the elderly, and, for the person who had obligations to plans regarding health and welfare services for the elderly, it is indispensable to secure the chances about the local

In the philosophy of community care there are two main axis. The first axis is to think much of cultural diversities. The second is to think much of uniformity and standardization. These two axis have great influence on social policies about community care and consciousness of local government employees.This survey and study for 3 years, aimed for how these two axis had influence on social policy about community care and consciousness of local government employee.The main method were questionnaires and interviews. The area of this survey was Fukuoka prefecture and Saga prefecture.As the result of this survey, we can form a conclusion as follows. Local government employees who have ideas united uniformity and standardization tend to depend on others. But local government employees who is to think much of cultural diversities tend to accept self responsibilities

GeneralBackgrotmd:The welfare system in Norway is categorized as a variant of the social democratic, Nordic welfare-state. The public sector plays a bigger role in all of the Nordic countries as a provider of the social welfare than in most other industrialized nations, even though there are differences among them. As different as the approaches which the respective countries have employed, Norway and Japan share similar problems in meeting the demands of an ageing society. Japan and Norway seem to share certain important features that are bound to influence the institution of social policy; among them are the relatively significant role of informal care provided by the family, problems posed by the existence of small, the increasing significance of NPO.The Aim of the Project:Our objective was to bring to light some of the features in the care of the elderly in Japan and Norway from a comparative perspective with emphasis on the system of provision of care related to the elderly, and the role of informal care provided by the family.The Plan and method:The project consisted of 3 parts:1) The study of Norway and Japan as welfare state/society with emphasis on the care of the elderly

This research project had two purposes. One of them is to clear variation of elderly care even among the Nordic countries (Sweden, Denmark, Norway and Finland). Another is to analyze reasons of the variation with perspective of culture, history and politics.This research project makes it clear that many similarities and differences of elderly care in the Nordic countries. For example, idea of marketization and privatization has established in these countries. It goes rapidly in Stockholm in Sweden and it goes slowly in Norway. It depends on policy of the government and their culture, because it is true that care service is to support elderly who live there