To get substantive outcomes of e-learning courses, it is necessary for e-learning system including learning management systems to facilitate learners learning. Also it is necessary for teachers, coaches, and supporting staffs to work respectively. Teachers have three types of work: design, management and evaluation of the courses. Designing the detailed course structure is the new and important part of work for the teachers. And then online coaches appear to have a greater part of work to support the teacher and to facilitate classroom activities. Coaches have three types of work: facilitating the classroom activities, making classroom atmosphere and standards, facilitating the discussion processes. Many kind of learning management systems are now available free or commercially. The minimum functions are video streaming, bulletin board system, and testing, but these functions should be carefully designed and become more usable to get more substantive learning outcomes. Talking about the future learning environments, learner will be able to access directly his/her own working spaces by opening web brouser.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate an affective process quantitatively using physiological responses. We conducted following three studies to clarify the relationship between emotional changes during watching an educational media and patterning of respiratory and cardiovascular responses.
Firstly, we developed a set of film clips that reliably elicit positive and negative emotions. After evaluating over 100 films, we selected some clips that elicited negative emotions (NEGA) and some clips that elicited positive emotions (POSI).
Secondly, we conducted one experiment concerning about the effects of emotional film clips upon respiratory and cardiovascular responses. Minute ventilation significantly increased for both POSI and NEGA. The mean blood pressure significantly increased in NEGA, whereas the heart rate significantly slowed in POSI. These results suggest that positive and negative emotions facilitate ventilation, and that positive and negative emotions elicit different responses in the cardiovascular system.
Finally, we also conducted an experiment to determine whether self-control of breathing can alter cardiovascular and psychological reactivity during emotions. The results suggested that self-control of breathing did not reduce subjective emotional responses but can be effective in altering cardiac parasympathetic inhibition during negative emotions.

Purpose :
This research aims to clarify the teacher's teaching practical knowledge in the teaching process and the mentor' roles regarding the formation of teachers' abilities, using an action research.
Method :
In this research, the observers are teachers employed at a state primary school (with 12 years teaching experience) who observed an actual class and engaged in on-going cognition. Observer records quiet comments on what she/he notice while observing classes. The observer participates in the evaluation (mentoring) meetings of the classes as mentor, and they help a teacher develop self-awareness. The speeches of the participants are recorded on audio tape or video. The records of the ongoing observation and mentoring are documented (transformed to protocol data), and then undergo analysis.
Results :
Through this research, we fined the mentor's roles in the development of the ability of teachers. They are the reflective role, creative role and role for the realization of growth. These roles play key functions in the action research process for the improvement of teaching practice. Especially, reflective function by mentoring is the key factor in action research for teachers. So, the action research based teacher training plays the important role for professional development of teaches.

This Study explored what functions are mentoring in lesson planning and in pre-service teacher training. The first study focused on the thought process of lesson planning. As A result, in lesson planning it was effective that mentor ask poor experienced teacher the question to shake severely the knowledge based on teaching experience. The second study analyzed student teachers' change process about their belief on teaching, professionalism, and relationship between mentor and student teachers through mentoring. This study suggested that the relationship between mentor and mentee was a strong apprenticeship so that this relationship constrained the extent of student teacher's learning about teaching. The third study also explored the function of mentor in initial education in the secondary school. This mentoring through watching video-recorded lesson was effective for student teachers. The watching video facilitated to reflect their lessons and be aware of the problem in teaching. The role of mentor was to direct student teacher's thinking way to discover the problem of teaching.
The forth study was to investigate about the self-disclosure for teachers, which has been pointed the barrier to do action research and mentoring in Japan. And the fifth study explored the difference between experienced and un-experienced teacher on cognition of teaching process. This study focused on the identifying the problem of lesson, which was the important phase in action research cycle.
The report included these five studies and two articles on the trend of action research and how the kounai-ken is effective for professional development from the view point of English researcher.

According to "The Recognition of the Expression of Feeling in Cross Cultural Communication", this study focuses on "smiling", which is a common expression of feeling among different cultures. Four research topics were investigated. First, a questionnaire was administered to Japanese university students, and the results were analyzed, showing the influence of the permissible range of various kinds of smile, which were determined by contextual difference, such as situation and partner. As a result of Cluster Analysis, it was found that the permissible range differed due to context, even though the same kind of feeling was experienced. Furthermore, the result of the analysis of the relationship between the questionnaire items which measured social attitudes and the kinds of smile indicated that those subjects who had a positive attitude towards social affairs displayed distinctive characteristics concerning the permissible range of the smile.
Second, the same kind of questionnaire was administered to American university students. The results of Cluster Analysis indicated a contextual difference of recognition concerning the smile between the Japanese and the American students. It was clear that contextual variation occurred according to whether the situation was relaxed or comfortable for each group of subjects.
Third, an experiment which showed visual images of an American man and woman to the Japanese students was conducted, in which an analysis of the relation between daily involvement with Westerners and the recognition of the smile was made. The results indicated that the recognition of the smile itself is categorized as being universal, and that it is not related to the quantity of cross cultural exposure. Furthermore, the size and quality of the visual images, which were used in the present study as the visual stimuli, shows the possibility of them being a standard for future studies of a similar kind.
Fourth, a Web investigation study was administered to both Japanese and American groups of university students, using the above visual images and CGI. The data was analyzed to determine the SD, and also to analyze the change of expression of the ‘smiling' and the ‘straight' face. The influence of the model was inevitable. However, it was clear that a ‘smiling' face increased the pleasant impression, and enhanced the image of one as being young, active, and individual. The evaluation of the ‘smiling' face was in accord between the Japanese and American students. However the response to the ‘straight' face was quite different. This result indicates that the role of the ‘smiling' face is more significant for personal recognition in cross cultural encounters than in those in one's own culture.

At the beginning of our project, we had intention to acquire our own cable channel which is available to our application concerned to life long education. But, the wave of the reform of university is very urgent, we are asked to build a e-school in Tokorozawa Campus by our president. So, we had presented our proposal to ministry of education. And we got permission to start our e-school at 2003.
The e-school is targeted towards working adults. Contents of the e-school courses were mainly constructed by videotaping live performances of instructors in the classes of the Faculty of human sciences. The curriculum of the e-school is almost the same as that of the traditional counterpart in the school of Human Sciences.
Half of the school system is common to traditional universities, but the other half consists of private companies involved in the administration of networks and the development of instructional content. Thus, we call our e-school system a hybrid school system.
A tutor is assigned to each class of 30 students. He or she assists students' learning of particular subjects. Each tutor must have a master's degree.
Advantages of an e-school are as follows.
1) Expansion of educational functions in time and space.
2) Improvement of the quality of instruction by making it public.
3) Realization of individualized instruction by the aid of BBS' and tutors.
4) Financial and educational reward systems for graduate students by providing them with positions as tutors.
Challenges an e-school faces
1) Higher tuitions in comparison to other correspondence courses.
2) Difficulty of offering various kinds of classes such as laboratory sessions, field research, seminars, etc.
3) Heavy work load of instructors in preparing teaching materials and supervising students.
4) Instructors' negative attitude towards e-schools.
5) Difficulty of employing and training tutors.

In this research, the genealogy of "Research on Teaching" which had been piled in Japan was arranged and systematized from the aspect of research methodology. Four hypothetical groups were made to carry on the research. The products of each group are as follows.
1) "Zenjyuken": Japan conference of research on teaching
In this research, we especially focused on the studies of Hokkaido University group and Hiroshima University group. Our investigation of the practices and the school system at Tokoro primary school in Hokkaido is particularly presented as the annex report.
2) Kihaku Saitou and "Jyugyou-Kenkyu no Kai": teachers group to research their own practices
Kihaku Saitou was the principle of Shima primary school in Gunma Pref. He is one of the most famous educational practitioners in Japan. He led and coached many teachers, and they investigated their own practices.
3) Research on teaching in educational technology research
Research on teaching have been main topics in educational technology research based on learning theory and systems theory. So we investigated the relation of them. And that, we investigated that how the analysis of communication in classroom and the assessment research on teaching and learning contribute to teacher education.
4) Research on teaching by practitioners
In Japan, some teachers create the teaching theory based on their own practices. We picked up Takeji Kinoshita and Hama Omura that they influenced many other teachers and schools.
As the product of our study, we had the panel discussion in "Educational Seminar in Kansai 2002" and we made the final research report based on the discussion. It proposed the explanation of 'Genealogy chart of the research on teaching" that Mitsuhiro Inoue (professor of Osaka University, 1942-2000) showed, and the meaning of the research on "Technology" in teaching and learning process.

(1) We developed in-service teacher training system using VOD and TV conference system. This system was extended the infrastructures of Akashi city, such as CATV network, WWW saver, and VOD server, Akashi Curriculum Development Center attached to Faculty of Human Development, Kobe University, Akashi City Educational Research Center, and Akashi Municipal Futami-Nishi Primary School were linked by this system.
(2) We developed 15 programs for in-service teacher training. These programs were "Introduction of Dance Therapy to School Education", "Mathematics Education", "Interdisciplinary and Comprehensive Learning", and "Child Care".
(3) To evaluate the effectiveness of in-service teacher training using these programs, We did experimental research 3 times. In-service teachers of Futami-Nishi Primary School and Akashi public schools participated in the research.
(4) We discussed with the administration and educational staffs of Akashi city about "in-service teacher training" and "University and Society Collaboration" for information and communication technology society.
(5) We held the symposium about in-service teacher training using IT networks.
(6) We held the workshop for in-service teacher of Akashi schools about mentoring.

The Flexibility of men were proved experimentally as follows,
1) The effectiveness putting partner's face image into the screen during cooperative work using computer was proved. That is, they became more cooperative in the case of putting partner's face into their screen.
2) Even typical Impulsive and Reflective student, they can adopt opposite strategy when they understood which is letter.
3) The activity of pupil changes drastically when they study open space, and tranditional space.
To make clear these results, many apparatuses as actometer and environment was developped.
And also, many approach oriented ethnomethodology were tried out.

Recently many instruments have been developed to assess classroom environment for children and teachers. In many countries, teachers use these psychological instruments to understand and improve their classes. In our country, classroom environment scales have been used to examine he effects of school traits such as size, openness, and the like on students' behavior. We have a few examples that this kind of instrument is used for classroom management.
We have clarified that students' cognition of their classroom has a close relationship with school traits and students maladjusted behavior.
For example, teacher's guidance to promote activities for circles and student association tend to ease "solitude" and to facilitate "facilitation" in secondary school classrooms. Strict school discipline and guidance show the relationship with student higher awareness of "order." Non-attendant s udents show stronger "solitude," and lower "affiliations to teachers" than students in general do. Delinquent students have strong feeling of "alienation."
As for open education, open school pupils showed the higher awareness of "order" and "participation" to class activities, and learning motivation than traditional school pupils did.
Open plan spaces in elementary schools seem to be used effectively. The usage of open space is different from school to school. We have to give teachers how to use open spaces in appropriate manner. Analysis of pupils' behavior in open space learning gives us many important findings. We have to examine the facts to develop useful instruments to improve classrooms.

This project was intended to suggest a new educational program based on the link between university and school in their partnership in terms of teacher training. After completing our project of three years' research, the following results were obtained, mostly remarkable during the final year of the project :
(1) A concrete program has been developed for teacher education.
(2) Academic interchanging was carried out with researchers overseas.
(3) The partnership programs have been promoted at Tokyo, Saitama, Kanagawa, Yamanashi, Kobe, Okayama, Tokushima and other prefectures. As a result, different kind of programs for both pre-service teachers and in-service teachers.
(4) 9 study meetings ware held at Japan women's University, Ochanomizu Women's University, Kobe University, Niigata University for associating with foreign researchers and reporting and systematizing the results.
(5) Different 12 types of the partnerships were shown from the results of some investigations of present state of partnerships between university and school for pre-service and in- service teacher trainings in Japan.
(6) Suggestions were made for promoting development of teacher training program.

Educational research studies on the teaching and learning process had been conducted with focusing the learning in the cognitive domain. The learning in psychomotor and affective domains had not been adequately studied. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to experimentally clarify the effect of teaching upon learners in the teaching and learning process of psychomotor skills. Performance of "Karada Hogushi" (taking a kink out of body) introduced in Physical Education of New Course of Study published in December, 1998 was used as a material of psychomotor skills. This study was bibliographically investigated on educational objective of "taking a kink out of body". As the result, disagreement was found among education researchers even concerning educational objective of "taking a kink out of body". The theory, relaxing subject's body which is relaxation should be included as the object e showed commonness among researcher. Then, influences of teaching relaxation upon posture were examined in an experimental study. Firstly, distortion of three dimensional posture was determined in sitting during rest and work. Distorted trunk can be determined by using the three dimensional system. Secondly, after exercise of "taking a kink out of body, effects of the exercise upon sitting posture during rest and work were examined. As results of this study, it was found that some subjects improved distortion of the posture due to relaxation even during a short period of time. It shows that learners can notice the distortion of the posture due to relaxation even though the distortion was gotten as a habit during a long period of time. According to these results, it can be concluded that relaxation which is a comfortable feeling in children is effective on school education.

The purpose of this study is to develop a muti-media system based on educational clinical knowledge. It was known that reflective thinking through cognition of teaching and learning events and adaptation of teaching skills are most important for the development of practical performance for teachers. So, this study try to develop the vod system that allow a flexible access to many information about lesson plan and also reflect their own lesson plan, rewrite the plan with their own paces. This system was constructed from three module with a Japanese subject for elementary school. (1) The Home Page is written in html for the student teachers' use. The home page consists of contents of a textbook, a lesson plan (object, unit, subject matter, flow chart of lesson etc.), protocol and a MPEG code video of the lesson. (2) Common gate interface described by Perl that records the data when the link, setting on the home page on each terminal, is clicked. It was named "checked cgi". (3) Common gate interface described by Perl that changes the data request recording into the data request chart on the selected terminal and present it visually. It was named "request browse cgi". Using this system, we find the followings. (1) Student teachers made reflect thinking for making lesson plan. (2) This system visualizes the pattern of the data reuest from the student teacher. The analyzed chart shows us the student teachers' demands. (3) The student teacher demands information for understanding the subject matter related to making a lesson plan rather than the information about student's interest. (4) These analyzed charts that include the relationship between text information and visual information are useful for redeveloping and the optimization of Hyper-text presentation.

The purpose of this study is to experimentally organize a teaching-learning process of physical education recognized a side roll as a subject and to obtain a fundamental material in order to build a future teaching-learning process of physical education. The main findings of this study are :
1.Motor skill and knowledge were correpondingly changed in an experiment with university students and a practical class experiment with junior high school students. It is, reasonable to consider that knowledge on verbal language changes corresponding to physical change. It implies that the simultaneous knowledge-body changing theory is a basic idea of teaching-learning process in demonstrating importance of knowledge in physical education.
2. Recognizing process of experimental teaching was inserted in an experiment with university students and a practical class experiment with junior high school students. In the process, teachers basically asked limited Questions and learners went through hypothesis-discussion-verification" by the questions. In fact, students not only recognized the knowledge corresponding to the questions of the instructors, but also some further knowledge. This suggests that the recognition, which has changed in correspondence to the body, bears the possibility that the students will be able to use this recognition effectively in the next exercise.

This study was conducted to research the following ; 1.Relationship between assessment of residential environment and residential comfortableness ; 2.High and low factors of assessment of satisfaction and assessment of importance. The subjects consists of four hundred residents in Tokyo. The results showed as follows ; 1.In assessment of satisfaction, assessment of "convenience" was the highest one of six factors ("facilities", "convenience", "physical environment of neighbor", "residence", "privacy", "the state of community"). And "convenience if shopping", "convenience of traffic" were higher assessment than other items in subitems of "convenience". 2.Assessment of "residence", "room arrangement and roominess", and "resistance to fire and earthquake" were significantly higher in "more comfortable" group than in "less comfortable" group. It was suggested that residential comfortableness determines assessment of residence itself than one of factors surrounding residence. 3.In assessment of importance, assessment of "convenience" was the highest one of six factor. And "convenience of shopping", "convenience of traffic" were higher assessment than other items in subitems of "convenience". Secondaly, assessment of "residence" was higher than other four factors. And "sunniness, lightness, and airiness", "room arrangement and roominess" were higher assessment than other items in subitems of "residence".

Nojima and so on have been practicing a lesson intervenig Intenet between Waseda University and Case Western University since 1992. This practice includes research activities such as curriculum development, measurement and evaluation of outcomes and processes of students interactive communications. In this case, we focussed our purpose to make clear the effectiveness putting a partner's image into screen during their communication. And the communication was done under the context of Game theory especially so called prisoner's delemma game.
The result is as follows :
1) Under the conditions of special pay off matrix having possibilites of decreasing gain, and under the condition of having partner's image, cooperative alternatives were significantly chosen.
2) The correlations between co-operative choice rate and competitive choice rate indiates that adding informations of partner's image increase the magnitude of information and bring low correlations.

In this study we attempted to clarify the teaching-learning processes on psycho-motor skills using the pychophysiological method. The major findings of this study were as follow :
(1)In our previous studies, we found that respiratory activities reflect psychological process and that changes markedly under emotional and stressful conditions. Therefore we developed the ambulatory monitoring system of respiratory activities during the acquisition of psycho-motor skills.
(2)We hypothesize that Japanese teachers in the physical education have good experienced knowledge concerning about teaching-learning process of psycho-motor skills and that teachers use their knowledge to determine teaching plan. the review of literature on physical education suggested that teachers have several hypothesis concerning about cognitive process and skill acquisition.
(3)We used a unicycle as an experimental task, since this task has many advantages of methodological aspects. In the experiment, 10 novice undergraduates participated in daily training session to ride a unicycle. All subjects were able to ride a unicycle more than ten seconds continuously within 10 daily sessions and show drastically increment of riding time after trial-and error phase of learning. These data show that it is difficult for leaners in trial-and-error stage to anticipate when their performance of psycho-motor skills will improve. Therefore these results suggested that it's necessary to conduct the further research study to develop teaching strategies to induce progressive acquisition of psychomotor skills.

Open education in elementary schools pushed aside traditional egg-carton schools. More schools have provided multi-purpose open spaces than ever. However, just a few schools have adequate learning programs for open education. Hojo elementary school in Chiba Prefecture has developed many unique learning programs for open education. We videotaped activities of teachers and children during some of their programs, using several VTRs. We also tape-recorded some individual teachers' and children's utterances. We applied "the behavior setting survey method" to the recorded programs. The method describes programs' essential features : time-space boundaries, human and non-human elements, synomorphic relations between people and objects, and extraindividual activity patterns. Segment maps were constructed as sequences of activity patterns. In addition, spatial structures were extracted as moving patterns of teachers and children. Space utilization in open programs showed clearly recognizable patterns. These patterns controlled the spread of children's activities in proper ranges. Most of the programs developed according to plans that teachers designed. Teachers could not monitor every aspect of these kinds of programs, because they eventually became just only members as children do. Our records present teachers and children multiple aspects of the whole programs in which they participated. In these kinds of program settings, teachers and children just attend to themselves and things around them. We have obtained a tool to expand their experiences. We should examine qualities and motivations of individual children's behaviors that construct extra-individual activity patterns.

Purpose : This project aims at developing multimedia support systems to improve higher education based on the analysis of video-recorded instructional processes.
Focus : This study includes the following foci : (1) A taxonomic study of university instructional activities in terms of teacher-student interactions ; (2) Development of video-recording systems easily controlled by instructors during on-going classroom activities ; (3) Development of quantitative methods for describing characteristics of instructional activities by time-sampled video printings ; (4) Development of self-directed learning and evaluation programs for teachers and learners by the use of video-images of their own classroom activities.
Major Outcomes : Various types of instructional activities such as lectures, seminars, and practica were video-recorded and analyzed by the use of the time-sampled video picture printing system mentioned below which enabled us to measure teaching behaviors in qantitative as well as qualitative terms. The Automatic Printing System of Time Sampled Video Pictures provides us with a series of still pictures on video printing sheets (max. 144 pictures on an A4 size sheet) can then be efficiently used to analyze, compare and evaluate a number of video-logged classes.
Teachers' attention spans and the directions they attended to were examined. Directions of teacher's eyes were recorded in terms of forward, backward, sideward, upward and downward and durations of each time were measured in seconds. The distributions of attention spans of teachers can basically be described by a compound exponential distribution with two parameters, alpha and beta, which seem to reflect teachers' communicationg behavior patterns. A theoretical model for attention times in terms of information flows between the teacher and students is formulated and suceeds in obtaining fairly good agreements with various video-logged instructional activities.
A survey on instruction also revealed teachers' efforts to improve various aspects of teaching and learning activities, the effects of self-modeling on teaching improvements, changes of instructional self-efficacy before and after the instruction and the self-evaluation through video watching.

We Studied on how to supplement information in reading a text.Now we think the concept of supplementing information in reading a text isn't established. Therefore, firstly we discussed it from the view points of reader and subject matter.
Second, we investigated about how to understand a text. As a result, we suggest it makes an influence to understand the content of a text to give children a picture, but some children misunderstand the content by giving a picture. We indicate at least that to give a picture or supplement verbal information makes an influence to understand the content of a text. We planned a lesson according to the above result and implement it.
Third, we investigated how to supplement information in planning a lesson.Teachers tend to give a verbal information on an central instructional objective and give a visual information (picture)on premise objectives. They require children to think about a central objective and on premise objectives they require children to have images by giving a visual information.

This study focused on acquisition processes of motor skills and relaxation skills. We intended to compare with acquisition processes of these two skills and to clarify the diffrences and the communities between these skills.
For motor skill acquisition, we used a unicycle as an experimental task, since this task has many advantages of methodological aspects. In the first experiment, 10 novice undergraduates participated in daily training sessions to ride a unicycle. Following results were obtained : (1)Subjects could ride a unicycle more than 10 seconds continuously within 10 dairy sessions. (2)Riding time increased drastically after trail-and-error phase of learning processes. (3)Strategies obtained during the early stage of acquisitionprocesses were differnt from those obtained in the late stage. (4)In the late stage of acquisition, subjects reported more frequently to reduce unnecessary muscle tension than in the early stage. In the second experiment, we recorded electromyographic activities (EMG) during riding unicycle from both subjects being able to ride more than 10 seconds(novice)and expert subjects. The results showed that novice subjects showed unnecessary EMG activities than experts.
For relaxation skill, we conducted an investigation concerning relaxation strategies by questionnaire. The data showed that the most popular relaxation strategy in Japan is breathing control to calm down in the stressful situation of daily life. However, there has been few scientific studies clarified the relationship between relaxation and respiration. Then we conducted two experiments to reveal the relationships among respiration, stress and relaxation. In another experiments, we chose Noguchi Gymnastics as a relaxation task, which is famous as a relaxation exercise in Japan. Novice undergraduates participated the experiment consisted of daily training sessions for Noguchi Gymnastics. Acquisition processes obtained from this experiment were similar with those obtained in the experiment for training of a unicycle.
These results suggested that acquisition processes of two skills have something in common. In the future, it's necessary to conduct the further sdudies to focus on whether instruction could alter these processes.

From different point of view we evaluated Inagakuen Comprehensive Upper Secondary School that was the only large-scale comprehensive school in Japan. After reviewing the creation planning and present administration of the school, we examined effects of the unique characteristics of this school such as the various subject selection system, the large-scale enrolling 3300 students, and the schools-within-a-school plan which divided a large school into several small schools. Main results were as follows.
1.The subject classroom system and the large-scale architecture restrict teachers' space use.
2.The balance between anonymnity of large-scale school settings and intimacy of small-scale settings is essential.
3.Sex and course differences exist in the relation between subject selection and satisfaction.
4.Self-realization and cynicism are components of the graduates' self image.
5.Case studies show the importance of school life guidance as well as career guidance.
6.According to a comparative survey of career choice, Inagakuen students' university entrance aspiration maintains relatively high level while other schools' students tend to separate high and low corresponding to their achievement.
7.A financial analysis of school management shows that investment expenses for architecture and equipments are slightly high but standard administration expense is average.
8.Variety and quantity of work for information processing are rather serious. Reinforcement of the system and staff taining are needed.

Most of researches on teaching language has focused on the cognitive domain of subject matters. There were few literatures on communication analysis dealing with interaction between teacher and student and the relationship between cognitive and affective domain.
First, the present study explored some factors related to teachers' decision-making and judgment during instruction. As the result, teachers' recognition on students' reaction, classroom atmosphere, and a quality of interaction between teacher and student influence on teachers' interactive decision-making and judgment.
Second, We attempted to understand the relationships between teaching method and student thought process. One teaching method is the deductive method and another is the inductive method. We analyzed the students' internal process of cognitive and affective domain.
Third, We developed some materials about writing. The concept of development is to contribute to how to write, which is based on language art.
Fourth, We recognized that' The grammatical sentence theory (Bunporon-Bunshoron)' is a useful technique in planning for instruction and an analytical view point of instruction.
Finally, We proposed a new model of teaching language and discussed it.

The purpose of this research was to examine various effects of educational media, especially Film/TV, upon learning processes. To progress our research, the following three issues were raised :
(1)The construction of educational research system to study media effects in instructional situation.
(2)The development of system for measurement of eye movement and pupil size under visual information presentation in experimental controls. (3)The analysis of strategy when learners process both visual and auditory information from media.
First, in the early stage of this research, we have developed data acquisition system based on the response-analyzer system which had already been equipped in language laboratory room. With this system, collected were the real-time data, such as the learners'own evaluation for the degree of comprehensions or interests evoked by viewing some educational TV programs. Second, using an eye camera device, we have developed the measurement system of'learner's visuo-motor responses, i. e., eyemovement and pupillary response. Several basic experiments were conducted to evaluate this system as well as to analyze the relationships between simple still TV pictures and such visuo-motor activities. The third issue is chiefly a theoretical one. We have explored learner's models which describe the interaction of media and learning in the context of cognitive psychology, but, at present, only a local model for the recognition memory of motion picture can be proposed with experimental evidence. Further considerations are needed for the construction of more comprehensive model of media-learning process interactions.

As this year was the last year for our study. We had done conclusive experiment. And also we got some important results and considerations as follows.
(1)In generally, we can say that any students will be able to ride a unicycle if he will have a lesson riding unicycle about 4 or 5 days, everyday 30 minutes. But in this case, "riding" means more than 2 times rotation of it's wheel.
(2) When we adopt an average number of pedal rotation for Y axis and progress time for X axis, We can get typical motor skill learning curve.
(3) We asked each student-sujects about their self awareness concerned to their own riding skill every 5 minutes during lesson. We compared their self awareness and their behavior was recorded by VTR camera. At that time we adopted 4 index or check points. They are the direction of a face, the straight line of the backbone, the position of the hip on a saddle and the movement of leg attached to a pedal
At the beginning of their lesson, their self awareness go ahead of their motor skill. After that their motor skill go ahead of their self awareness. And finally, their self awareness and their motor skill will show almost complete match.

A large number of studies concerning effects of relaxation upon psychosomatic diseases have been conducted during the past two decades. However there has been few basic research which dealed with the psychophysiological learning process of relaxation. In this investigation we attempted to develop following new methods for studying learning process of relaxtion skills.
(1) Japanese relaxation exercises called 'Noguchi Taiso' have many advantages for the relaxation task used in the basic research studies because it is difficult for normal subjects to learn. In Noguchi Taiso's excercises subjects were required to reduce their bodil tension as soon as possible. For in instance, if a subject holding his arm horizontally succeeded to drop his tension from shoulder to arm, his arm should swing like a pendulum. Electromyograph (EMG) recordings showed that the arm swung more frequently when no EMG was observed in the muscles of upper extremities. Subjects could report his cognitive strategies and plannings in Noguchi Taiso exercises more easily than in biofeedback training of autonomic responses.
(2) Breathing patterns are considered to be closely related to states of conciousness in Japan. There have been, however, few research studies which undertook to reveal the relationships between breathing patterns and relaxation. Our psychophysiological research findings suggested that long and stable post expiration pause time and low minute ventilatory volume are typical respiration patterns under relaxation.

In watching an educational movie, a learner receives visual and auditory information simultaneously. The complex media of television and film can present pictures, audio, and print in iconic or linguistic codes. However, traditional media research has treat media as a total system, what such research fails to acknowledge is that there are separate attributes of media stimuli, and interaction of these components characterizes various media. This study is concerned with the interactive processes of these components , especially with competition between audio and visual components. As its results, it is suggested that audio has advantages for print, and that eye movement during watching an movie reflects learner's understanding.
For the purpose of presenting the figures drawn up by using of the graphical functions of micro-computer instead of those by blackboard writing and by OHP sheet, CAI materialization is tried in the instruction of descriptive geometry. The contents of developed materials are as follows: (1) Projections of intersecting points of the line and the various solid, intersections of fellow polyhedra and intersections of fellow bodies having curved surfaces. (2) The developments of various solids and drawing of geodesic line.

PURPOSe:The purpose of the present study was (1) to clarify the characteristics of individual observation and inference processes in scientific inquiry by the use of eye camera,(2) to develop a new method for measurement and evaluation of the processes,and (3) to porvide the data for effective teaching and learning.
MAJOR FINDINGS: 1.Development of Eye Movement Monitoring System and its Try out
(1) Analyses of eye movements while watching illustrations of textbook and educational TV programs revealed the factors concerning concentration and defferentiation of eye spots.
(2) Eye movements during visual,auditorial,and audiovisual information proceccing were compared to clarify their relationships among presentation methods,stimulus characteristics,and recall,which can be applied to improve teaching methods.
(3) Patterns of eye movement,number of fixation points, fixation time,traveling distances,vector of eye meovement were revealed to be significant indices for processing of eye movement data.
(4) Audio-Visual Test was found to be an effective technique for measurement of learning processes through visual media.
2.Methodology of measurement and evaluation for observation and inference processes
(1) Applying new analytical methods succeeded in characterizing individual observation and inference processes, which conventional group-comparison methods have failed to clarify.
(2) Methodology of study of observation and inference processes was discussed in connection with human information processing.

In Fukui University, from 1957, Pre-Service of teaching practice was developed. In this study, we improved the curri culum of the pre-training of teaching practice, esepecially we improved micro tea ching. We made a micro the ching of new style. We made clear teachers porformance skills, and a new "Studend Lesson Appraisal Guide" for evalnation of skill learning atlainment.
We made clear numerical relations between microteaching and attainment of skill learning by analysis of these studend lesson appraisal guides, We made clear that
(1) Repeating microteaching exactty progress teaching skills, esepecially obsevational abilily of instrsuction
(2) Selections of Topics of microteaching are necessary to attain of skill learning.
(3) Sefl evaluaitons are generally lower than others-evaluations.

We developed a multimedia type CAIsystem was connected to a Optical mation picture disk and a video tape recorder. For that purpore We developed particular two interfaus. That is, A interface which control remote controller of video by the computer. And another one is a interface which control Sony Products VTR attached a control L terminal. Even now both of our interface is not so complete but anyway we started to prepare a few Audio Visual test concerned to 「the boiling pointand the melting point
which is a junior secondary Science TV program. Those tests were prepared for our multi-media Learning systems which is available acoustic cassette tape, VTR(motion picture) Optical motion picture disk, Computer display and super inpose function. From the top of this April we are going to start our experoment.

Developing a curriculum of the observational ability of teahing. we used training of student teachers. Analyzing its results, repeated microteachings are not effective to learn teaching skills but also develop observational ability of teaching. We maked a booklet " The skills of questioning, response and teaching ". for students progress of these skills. This booklets were used in the pre-training of teaching practice in Fukui University. We developed a new table of teaching evaluation which is simple and conveniet for students who start at the teaching. Categorg system of instructional behaviours for student teachers was developed. In this category system, we may counts only the numbers of instructional behubiours, but need not divide into time periods like OSIA or Flanders' interaction analysis calegory system.