We could clear up the following four points of remarks as the conclusion of our joint research.1. Typology of the welfare states and economic policies of the social democratic parties. We could find rather large differences in the economic policies among social democratic parties. Depending on such differences we have tried to classify the types of the policies. We think that the most important factor for our survey is how strongly each state intervene into the economic situation through economic, social and/or fiscal policies. From the this point of view we could find two types of policies among European social democratic parties, especially at the time when they were operating as the government parties; the first type is Northern European type and the second is Southern European type.2. The changes of the social democratic economic policies. As a result of our pursuadeing the changing course in the social democratic governments, we could find the trend that in 1980's, including Northern European case, Social Democrats decreases the degree of the state intervention into the economic situation. These trends have been promoted by such factors as the change of trade unions attitude,

We could clear up the following four points of remarks as the conclusion of our joint research.
1. Typology of the welfare states and economic policies of the social democratic parties. We could find rather large differences in the economic policies among social democratic parties. Depending on such differences we have tried to classify the types of the policies. We think that the most important factor for our survey is how strongly each state intervene into the economic situation through economic, social and/or fiscal policies. From the this point of view we could find two types of policies among European social democratic parties, especially at the time when they were operating as the government parties; the first type is Northern European type and the second is Southern European type.
2. The changes of the social democratic economic policies. As a result of our pursuadeing the changing course in the social democratic governments, we could find the trend that in 1980's, including Northern European case, Social Democrats decreases the degree of the state intervention into the economic situation. These trends have been promoted by such factors as the change of trade unions attitude

(1) In Japan,in contrast to the early retirement trend of older workers in Western Europe, the "Teinen" age, a company-ruled factor for retirement, has been raised from 55 to 60. This has not raised the labor participation rate for males aged 55-59, but brought about the significant changes in the Japanese life-time employment practices. After having promoted this move, the state has pursued a policy to promote the employment of males aged60- 64 and is planning to raise the pension age, a state-ruled factor for retirement, from 60 to 65. The purpose of this research project was to identify, how the life-time employment practices has been altered and how the older workers aged 60 and over are re-employed on the micro-level of firms, on the basis of case studies. (2) From the case studies found are; the increasing trend of ejection of middle-aged and old workers from their parent companies in the form of "Shukko", the cessation of age-oriented treatment for workers aged 55 and over and, in some cases, the enforsement of re-employment scheme for males aged 60 and over. (3) As a result, we can conclude, the retirement process of older Japanese workers has become more gradual and indivi

(1) In Japan,in contrast to the early retirement trend of older workers in Western Europe, the "Teinen" age, a company-ruled factor for retirement, has been raised from 55 to 60. This has not raised the labor participation rate for males aged 55-59, but brought about the significant changes in the Japanese life-time employment practices. After having promoted this move, the state has pursued a policy to promote the employment of males aged60- 64 and is planning to raise the pension age, a state-ruled factor for retirement, from 60 to 65. The purpose of this research project was to identify, how the life-time employment practices has been altered and how the older workers aged 60 and over are re-employed on the micro-level of firms, on the basis of case studies. (2) From the case studies found are; the increasing trend of ejection of middle-aged and old workers from their parent companies in the form of "Shukko", the cessation of age-oriented treatment for workers aged 55 and over and, in some cases, the enforsement of re-employment scheme for males aged 60 and over. (3) As a result, we can conclude, the retirement process of older Japanese workers has become more gradual and indivi

　１９９９年度特定課題研究助成費の対象となった研究課題「１９世紀末２０世紀初頭におけるイギリス女性工場監督制度研究」について、当初の計画書で示したとおり、出版予定草稿（４００字詰原稿用紙で約６００枚）をほぼ完成することができた。そのうち約半分にあたる３００枚は既発表の拙稿を大幅に手直ししたものであるが、あとの半分は、全面的な書き換えというよりも、むしろ書き下ろしに近い。　また、年度末には、特定課題研究助成費に加えて、個人研究費の一部も使って、ロンドンへ約４週間にわたり海外出張し、ロンドン経済大学図書館、大英図書館、イギリス公文書館などで、草稿の完成に必要な最終点検を行なった。なお、この海外出張に際しては、９９年度特定課題研究と密接な関連性をもつ次の研究課題についても、情報収集を並行して行なっている。　「イギリス女性工場監督職の史的研究」と題する草稿は、２０００年度中の出版の実現を期したい。