Scholars of language policy and planning (LPP) have recently started using ethnographic and discourse-analytic methods. Examining the collaborative sense-making activity of language users can shed light on how they construct their version or versions of reality by using semiotic resources, creating intertextual links, and referring to language ideologies. This study investigates an under-researched area in LPP: spoken discourse in media talk, specifically in media involved in indigenous language revitalization in Hawaiʻi. Using audio recordings of Ka Leo Hawaiʻi (The Hawaiian Voice) broadcast from the 1970s for over 25 years, the study explores the multilingual practices of the hosts, the guests, and the call-in listeners of the translingual contact zone of this Hawaiian language radio show by analyzing these participants' metapragmatic comments on the use of English and their bivalent utterances.

応用会話分析研究 : 制度的会話におけるカテゴリー化と連鎖構造

Recent articles by prominent scholars of discourse and interaction have renewed the debate over the relationship between membership categorization analysis (MCA) and conversation analysis (CA). Many consider CA and MCA as mutually informing, and that is the position I take in this paper. MCA has been conducted mainly with monolingual data, but in this study I examine Hawaiian language media talk by multilingual speakers. Place formulation is often intertwined with membership categorization, and I investigate how place is used to categorize people. Taking an MCA approach, I analyze the stories co-constructed by a radio show's host, guest, and callers, all of whom speak predominantly in Hawaiian but occasionally switch into English. The goals of the paper are twofold: (1) to illustrate the procedural consequentiality of initiating, maintaining, and terminating an "ultra-rich topic" (Sacks 1992: 75), that is, place; and (2) to show how place is used to do categorial work.

応用会話分析研究 : 制度的会話での質問–応答連鎖

This discourse analytic study investigates the strategic use of represented talk and thought in Hawai'i stand-up comedy performances. Utilizing the methods and findings of membership categorization, and stylization, I analyze how Local comedians make discursive contrasts by deploying Pidgin (Hawai'i Creole) to voice Locals and by deploying "Haole" ('white') or racially parodied, mock English to voice non-Locals. Findings show that Local comedians and their audiences collaboratively manipulate and display their understanding of these culturally specific indexicals to co-create and localize humor. Analysis further shows that Local humor is a highly political act that is selectively designed for a particular sociolinguistic and cultural audience and sociopolitical context.

<p> This study analyzes a Hawaiian language radio program, Ka Leo Hawai'i, broadcast in Honolulu, Hawai'i. Based on a collection of recordings of over four hundred shows from the 1970s and 1980s, it attempts to describe what the program was like at that period. The program can be described as a media practice that formed and maintained a community through documenting the language and culture of Native Hawaiians. A central feature of the show was invited guests, many of whom were elders and native speakers of Hawaiian. After the program ended, the audio recordings were digitized, and they have been used for educational purposes and have continued to make a contribution to the revitalization of the Hawaiian language. These recordings are truly important because Hawaiian has almost no collections of audio recordings as large in volume and that were collected as systematically as Ka Leo Hawai'i. It is also not easy to generate new audio recordings of elderly native speakers because their number is now presumably under one hundred.</p>

Linguistic: hybridity is the process of the authorial unmasking of another's speech, through a language that is double-accented and double-styled. The present study investigates how linguistic resources, especially code-switching is used for meaning making in local comedy shows in Hawai'i. Local comedy is inseparable from the use of carnivalistic act. This act deconstructs attempts at stabilizing social systems by being playfully and non-violently subversive. While there are many-studies of language and humor, there are much fewer studies on the use of code-switching in comedy. The present study is particularly interested in the latter and specifically addresses Bakhtin's work on carnival. It is often maintained that ethnic jokes marginalize those of Filipino origin as the Other. However, the present paper claims that both functions of comedy - marginalizing of the Other and disrupting of official views of reality - are inseparably intertwined. Andy Bumatai, a local comic, tactically achieves carnivalistic effects while negotiating and juggling his subjectivity. Given this, code-switching as well as language selection can be a powerful tool for doublevoicing. Little is known about the pragmatics of pidgin and creole languages. Hence, the present study provides a starting point for future projects on the discursive practice in Hawai'i Creole.