La transformation de Paris que le baron Haussmann réalisa entre 1853 et 1870 à la demande de Napoléon III devint vite un modèl pour les principales villes de province. Prenant l'exemple de la rénovation urbaine à Marseille, nous tentons à mesurer la dimension des travaux faits dans cette ville phocéenne par rapport à celle de la capitale. À Marseille, on ne détruisit qu'une partie de la vieille ville et on ne construisit que la rue Impériale par manque de grande initiative politique, de concentration des capitaux, et de nécessité de créer plusieurs artères.

From the 1870s, suburban public transportation grew in importance in major cities in France. Each municipality decided the mode of its construction and operation through a concession system. Under that system, urban public transportation in major French cities advanced technologically. However, the process of developing urban transportation facilities varied depending on the city. The capital city of Paris, while boasting a modern metro network, continued to use outdated means of ground transportation, such as omnibuses and horse-drawn trams, until 1913. Compared to large French regional cities where the electric tramway had been in common use since the beginning of the century, paradoxically Paris's urban public transportation was in a backward state. After World War I, there were marked differences in major regional cities. For example, Lyon succeeded in downsizing its system; most lines were laid in densely populated areas, which was geographically favorable to management. By contrast, the Marseille transportation network, as a result of constructing a large number of unprofitable lines to remote suburbs, fell into chronic deficits, worse than before World War I. In Marseille, t

Paris a connu une augmentation rapide de sa population pendant le XIXe siècle. Ce phénomène est la conséquence d’une immigration massive venant de plusieurs régions. Cet article a pour but d’étudier la façon dont les relations de famille, de parenté et de personnes originaires de régions identiques des migrants fonctionnaient efficacement, ou montraient leurs limites pour s’installer dans la société parisienne. À partir de l’analyse comparative de quelques groupes de provinciaux, nous avons pu relever le fait que les caractères de professions choisies par ces groupes ont largement influencé les fonctionnements de leurs réseaux.

The period between 1872 and 1931 was the time of greatest urbanization in France before the Second World War. The tramways played a determining role in the development of suburban residential areas. In Marseilles, from the 1st of January 1900, the first socialist Mayor, Siméon Flaissières instigated a policy of urban public transport, introducing the electrification of the tramway network, and most importantly, « The 10 Centimes Tramway » system. Giving in to the pressure of public opinion, the republican and anti-collectivist Mayor, Amable Chanot, later extended the network, especially towards the rural suburbs. The implementation of the suburban tramway network influenced the choices of places of residence and work of individuals and families alike. Up until the 1920’s, the tramways were an indispensable part of life in a big city.

A characteristic feature of the urbanization of France from the end of the 19th century to thebeginning of the 1930s was the process by which tramway networks wereestablished in cities and, in particular, by which suburbs developed.Based on the examination of two main historical sources, the manuscriptcensus registers and materials of the tramway management, this paperstudies the social impact of tramway construction in the suburbs ofMarseille by focusing on families and individuals.<br />
The quarter of les Camoins,located in a farming area approximately 13 kilometers from the citycenter, suffered from a population drain to urban areas in the mid-19thcentury. However, this quarter began to be reactivated when large-scaleplants moved out to the suburbs and with the diffusion of urban-typeagriculture from the end of the century. Although conflicting interestscaused considerable delay in tramway construction, the opening oftramway traffic in 1907 accelerated reactivation of the area.<br />
Les Camoins as a healthresort first gained strength in 1911, and in 1931, with the comingof the tram age, the quarter was transformed into a true residentialarea. Furthermore, local people began to settle

The Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Économiques (INSEE), the National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies, conducted post-enumeration tests in the 1946 census and in the 1966 annual statistics. According to these tests, Lyon’s populations from 1911 through 1936 were fabricated and significantly increased, along with those of Marseille from 1926 through 1936. As the listes nominatives, the manuscript census registers were carefully examined, it became clear that the fabrication of residents’ numbers was conducted in units of a hundred thousand in both cities, which meant that they employed “labor-saving” processes for fabricating false bulletins. <br />
In Lyon, the rate of nuclear family households with 5 members was abnormally high. In the case of Marseille, fabrication mainly aimed at private households with children aged 14 or under and married people aged 25 to 45. In order to more easily facilitate the fabrication of birthplace, in both Lyon and Marseille, the number of people originating from each city was greatly inflated.<br />
These fabrication problems in both cities are generally believed to have stemmed from their competition for the position

During the period from the nineteenth century to the beginning of the twentieth century in France, while population growth was stagnant due to the falling birth rate, the concentration of population was occurring in urban areas, which was in fact the process of urbanization. However, the labor force was insufficient with only the internal migrants in France where industrialization was progressing, so the country had little choice but to depend on immigrants from foreign countries. Using statistical data, such as national census data etc., this paper aims to ascertain in a concrete manner the long-term trends of migration in Marseille. Marseille was a port city in southern France where internal migration played an important role and where foreigners, especially Italians, were extremely concentrated. This paper will also review what Marseillais thought of the phenomenon of migration at the time it was in the process of changing from internal migrants to foreign immigrants. The percentage of Italians in the total population of Marseille reached a peak of 18% in 1901, which rose to 91% when looking only at the foreign population. Many of these Italians were working as factory workers i