A quasisymmetric homeomorphism defines an element of the universal Teichmüller space and a symmetric one belongs to its little subspace. We show an example of a symmetric homeomorphism h of the real line R onto itself such that h- 1 is not symmetric. This implies that the set of all symmetric self-homeomorphisms of R does not constitute a group under the composition. We also consider the same problem for a strongly symmetric self-homeomorphism of R which is defined by a certain concept of harmonic analysis. These results reveal the difference of the sets of such self-homeomorphisms of the real line from those of the unit circle.

We investigate a variant of the Beurling–Ahlfors extension of quasisymmetric homeomorphisms of the real line that is given by the convolution of the heat kernel, and prove that the complex dilatation of such a quasiconformal extension of a strongly symmetric homeomorphism (that is, its derivative is an (Formula presented.) -weight whose logarithm is in VMO) induces a vanishing Carleson measure on the upper half-plane.

We consider deformations of a group of circle diffeomorphisms with Hölder continuous derivative in the framework of quasiconformal Teichmüller theory and showcertain rigidity under conjugation by symmetric homeomorphisms of the circle. As an application, we give a condition for such a diffeomorphism group to be conjugate to a Möbius group by a diffeomorphism of the same regularity. The strategy is to find a fixed point of the group which acts isometrically on the integrable Teichmüller space with the Weil–Petersson metric.

Based on the quasiconformal theory of the universal Teichmüller space, we introduce the Teichmüller space of diffeomorphisms of the unit circle with α-Hölder continuous derivatives as a subspace of the universal Teichmüller space. We characterize such a diffeomorphism quantitatively in terms of the complex dilatation of its quasiconformal extension and the Schwarzian derivative given by the Bers embedding. Then, we provide a complex Banach manifold structure for it and prove that its topology coincides with the one induced by local C1+α-topology at the base point.

For a non-elementary discrete isometry group G of divergence type acting on a proper geodesic ı-hyperbolic space, we prove that its Patterson measure is quasi-invariant under the normalizer of G. As applications of this result, we have: (1) under a minor assumption, such a discrete group G admits no proper conjugation, that is, if the conjugate of G is contained in G, then it coincides with G; (2) the critical exponent of any non-elementary normal subgroup of G is strictly greater than half of that for G.

We investigate the relationship between geometric, analytic and probabilistic indices for quotients of the Cayley graph of the free group Cay.Fn/ by an arbitrary subgroup G of Fn. Our main result, which generalizes Grigorchuk’s cogrowth formula to variable edge lengths, provides a formula relating the bottom of the spectrum of weighted Laplacian on Gn Cay.Fn/ to the Poincaré exponent of G. Our main tool is the Patterson–Sullivan theory for metric trees.

In this paper we partially answer a question of P. Tukia about the size of the difference between the big horospheric limit set and the horospheric limit set of a Kleinian group. We mainly investigate the case of normal subgroups of Kleinian groups of divergence type and show that this difference is of zero conformal measure by using another result obtained here: the Myrberg limit set of a non-elementary Kleinian group is contained in the horospheric limit set of any non-trivial normal subgroup.

The Bers embedding of the Teichmüller space is a homeomorphism into the Banach space of certain holomorphic automorphic forms. For a subspace of the universal Teichmüller space and its corresponding Banach subspace, we consider whether the Bers embedding can project down between their quotient spaces. If this is the case, it is called the quotient Bers embedding. Injectivity of the quotient Bers embedding is the main problem in this paper. Alternatively, we can describe this situation as the universal Teichmüller space having an affine foliated structure induced by this subspace. We give several examples of subspaces for which the injectivity holds true, including the Teichmüller space of circle diffeomorphisms with Hölder continuous derivative. As an application, the regularity of conjugation between representations of a Fuchsian group into the group of circle diffeomorphisms is investigated.

We investigate the dynamics of the Teichmüller modular group on the Teichmüller space of a Riemann surface of infinite topological type. Since the modular group does not necessarily act discontinuously, the quotient space cannot inherit a rich geometric structure from the Teichmüller space. However, we introduce the set of points where the action of the Teichmüller modular group is stable, and we prove that this region of stability is generic in the Teichmüller space. By taking the quotient and completion with respect to the Teichmüller distance, we obtain a geometric object that we regard as an appropriate moduli space of the quasiconformally equivalent complex structures admitted on a topologically infinite Riemann surface.

The barycentric extension due to Douady and Earle yields a conformally natural extension of a quasisymmetric self-homeomorphism of the unit circle to a quasiconformal self-homeomorphism of the unit disk. We consider such extensions for circle diffeomorphisms with Hölder continuous derivative and show that this operation is continuous with respect to an appropriate topology for the space of the corresponding Beltrami coefficients.

We consider a planar Riemann surface R made of a non-compact simply connected plane domain from which an infinite discrete set of points is removed. We give several conditions for the collars of the cusps in R caused by these points to be uniformly distributed in R in terms of Euclidean geometry. Then we associate a graph G with R by taking the Voronoi diagram for the uniformly distributed cusps and show that G represents certain geometric and analytic properties of R.

We introduce the quasisymmetric deformation space of a Fuchsian group Γ within the group of symmetric self-homeomorphisms of the circle, and define this as the Teichmüller space AT (Γ) of Γ-invariant symmetric structures. This is another generalization of the asymptotic Teichmüller space, and we verify the basic properties of this space. In particular, we show that AT (Γ) is infinite dimensional, and in fact non-separable if Γ admits a non-trivial deformation, even for a cofinite Fuchsian group Γ.

For a regularly locally compact topological space X of T0 separation axiom but not necessarily Hausdorff, we consider a map σ from X to the hyperspace C(X) of all closed subsets of X by taking the closure of each point of X. By providing the Thurston topology for C(X), we see that σ is a topological embedding, and by taking the closure of σ(X) with respect to the Chabauty topology, we have the Hausdorff compactification X̂ of X. In this paper, we investigate properties of X̂ and C(X̂) equipped with different topologies. In particular, we consider a condition under which a self-homeomorphism of a closed subspace of C(X) with respect to the Chabauty topology is a self-homeomorphism in the Thurston topology.

We first remark that the complex dilatation of a quasiconformal homeomorphism of a hyperbolic Riemann surface R obtained by the barycentric extension due to Douady-Earle vanishes at any cusp of R. Then we give a new proof, without using the Bers embedding, of a fact that the quasiconformal homeomorphism obtained by the barycentric extension from an integrable Beltrami coefficient on R is asymptotically conformal if R satisfies a certain geometric condition.

We give a sufficient condition for a sequence of normal subgroups of a free group to have the property that both their growths tend to the upper bound and their cogrowths tend to the lower bound. The condition is represented by planarity of the quotient graphs of the tree.

We say that a complete metric space X has the fixed point property if every group of isometric automorphisms of X with a bounded orbit has a fixed point in X. We prove that if X is uniformly convex then the family of admissible subsets of X possesses uniformly normal structure and if so then it has the fixed point property. We also show that from other weaker assumptions than uniform convexity, the fixed point property follows. Our formulation of uniform convexity and its generalization can be applied not only to geodesic metric spaces.

In this paper we study the relationship between three numerical invariants associated to a Kleinian group, namely the critical exponent, the Hausdorff dimension of the limit set and the convex core entropy, which coincides with the upper box-counting dimension of the limit set. The Hausdorff dimension of the limit set is naturally bounded below by the critical exponent and above by the convex core entropy. We investigate when these inequalities become strict and when they are equalities.

Using the correspondence between the quasisymmetric quotient and the variation of the cross-ratio for a quasisymmetric automorphism (Formula presented.) of the unit circle, we establish a certain integrability of the complex dilatation of a quasiconformal extension of (Formula presented.) to the unit disk if the Liouville cocycle for (Formula presented.) is integrable. Moreover, under this assumption, we verify regularity properties of (Formula presented.) such as being bi-Lipschitz and symmetric.

We introduce a certain extremal problem for quasiconformal automorphisms of annuli and give upper and lower estimates for the minimal value of their maximal dilatations. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

We prove that, if a quasiconvex cocompact subgroup of the isometry group of a Gromov hyperbolic space has a conjugation into itself, then it is onto itself.

Under a certain geometric assumption on a hyperbolic Riemann surface, we prove an asymptotic version of the fixed point theorem for the Teichm̈uller modular group, which asserts that every finite subgroup of the asymptotic Teichm̈uller modular group has a common fixed point in the asymptotic Teichm̈uller space. For its proof, we use a topological characterization of the asymptotically trivial mapping class group, which has been obtained in the authors' previous paper, but a simpler argument is given here. As a consequence, every finite subgroup of the asymptotic Teichm̈uller modular group is realized as a group of quasiconformal automorphisms modulo coincidence near infinity. Furthermore, every finite subgroup of a certain geometric automorphism group of the asymptotic Teichm̈uller space is realized as an automorphism group of the Royden boundary of the Riemann surface. These results can be regarded as asymptotic versions of the Nielsen realization theorem. © 2013 American Mathematical Society.

The exponent of convergence of a non-elementary discrete group of hyperbolic isometries measures the Hausdorff dimension of the conical limit set. In passing to a non-trivial regular cover the resulting limit sets are point-wise equal though the exponent of convergence of the cover uniformization may be strictly less than the exponent of convergence of the base. We show in this paper that, for closed hyperbolic surfaces, the previously established lower bound of one half on the exponent of convergence of "small" regular covers is sharp but is not attained. We also consider "large" (non-regular) covers. Here large and small are descriptive of the size of the exponent of convergence.We show that a Kleinian group that uniformizes a manifold homeomorphic to a surface fibering over a circle contains a Schottky subgroup whose exponent of convergence is arbitrarily close to two. © Mathematica Josephina, Inc. 2010.

The Petersson series with respect to a simple closed geodesic c on a hyperbolic Riemann surface R is the relative Poincare series of the canonical holomorphic quadratic differential on the annular cover of R and it defines a holomorphic quadratic differential phi(c)(z)dz(2) on R. For the hyperbolic metric rho(z)|dz| on R, we give an upper estimate of rho(-2)(z(p))|phi(c)(z(P))| in terms of the hyperbolic length of c and the distance of p E R from c.

The stable quasiconformal mapping class group is a group of quasiconformal mapping classes of a Riemann surface that are homotopic to the identity outside some topologically finite subsurface. Its analytic counterpart is a group of mapping classes that act on the asymptotic Teichm üller space trivially. We prove that the stable quasiconformal mapping class group is coincident with the asymptotically trivial mapping class group for every Riemann surface satisfying a certain geometric condition. Consequently, the intermediate Teichmüller space, which is the quotient space of the Teichmüller space by the asymptotically trivial mapping class group, has a complex manifold structure, and its automorphism group is geometrically isomorphic to the asymptotic Teichmüllermodular group. The proof utilizes a condition for an asymptotic Teichmüller modular transformation to be of finite order, and this is given by the consideration of hyperbolic geometry of topologically infinite surfaces and its deformation under quasiconformal homeomorphisms. Also these arguments enable us to show that every asymptotic Teichmüller modular transformation of finite order has a fixed point on the asymptotic Teichmüller space, which can be regarded as an asymptotic version of the Nielsen theorem. © 2011 by The Johns Hopkins University Press.

For a subgroup of the quasiconformal mapping class group of a Riemann surface in general, we give an algebraic condition which guarantees its discreteness in the compact-open topology. Then we apply this result to its action on the Teichmüller space. © 2011 by Pacific Journal of Mathematics.

The main aim of this paper is to study whether the Gromov hyperbolicity is preserved under some transformations on Riemann surfaces (with their Poincaré metrics). We prove that quasiconformal maps between Riemann surfaces preserve hyperbolicity; however, we also show that arbitrary twists along simple closed geodesics do not preserve it, in general. © 2011 Institute of Mathematics, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Mathematical Society and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

In this paper we address questions of continuity and atomicity of conformal ending measures for arbitrary non-elementary Kleinian groups. We give sufficient conditions under which such ending measures are purely atomic. Moreover, we will show that if a conformal ending measure has an atom which is contained in the big horospherical limit set, then this atom has to be a parabolic fixed point. Also, we give detailed discussions of nontrivial examples for purely atomic as well as for non-atomic conformal ending measures. © 1999 American Mathematical Society.

A symmetric automorphism of the unit circle is the boundary extension of an asymptotically conformal automorphism of the unit disk. A symmetric group is a quasisymmetric group whose elements are symmetric automorphisms. In this paper, we consider a problem whether a symmetric group is conjugate to a Fuchsian group by a symmetric homeomorphism or not. Our answer is negative.

A Kleinian group (a discrete subgroup of conformal automorphisms of the unit ball) G is said to have proper conjugation if it contains the conjugate αGα-1 by some conformal automorphism α as a proper subgroup in it. We show that a Kleinian group of divergence type cannot have proper conjugation. Uniqueness of the PattersonSullivan measure for such a Kleinian group is crucial to our proof. © 2008 Cambridge University Press.

A non-injective holomorphic self-cover of a Riemann surface induces a non-surjective holomorphic self-embedding of its Teichmüller space. We investigate the dynamics of such self-embeddings by applying our structure theorem of self-covering of Riemann surfaces and examine the distribution of its isometric vectors on the tangent bundle over the Teichmüller space. We also extend our observation to quasiregular self-covers of Riemann surfaces and give an answer to a certain problem on quasiconformal equivalence to a holomorphic self-cover. © 2008 Springer-Verlag.

The Nayatani metric g N is a Riemannian metric on a Kleinian manifold M which is compatible with the standard flat conformal structure. It is known that, for M corresponding to a geometrically finite Kleinian group, g N has large symmetry: the isometry group of (M, g N ) coincides with the conformal transformation group of M. In this paper, we prove that this holds for a larger class of M. In particular, this class contains such M that correspond to Kleinian groups of divergence type. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

We characterize convergence and divergence types for Fuchsian groups in terms of the critical exponent of convergence and modified functions of the Poincaré series for certain subgroups associated with ends of the quotient Riemann surfaces. As an application of this result, we prove that convergence and divergence type are not invariant under a quasiconformal automorphism of the unit disk. © 2009 University of Illinois.

For an analytically infinite Riemann surface R, we consider the action of the quasiconformal mapping class group MCG(R) on the Teichmüller space T(R), which preserves the fibers of the projection α: T(R) → AT(R) onto the asymptotic Teichmüller space AT(R). We prove that if MCG(R) has a common fixed point α(p) AT(R), then it acts discontinuously on the fiber T p over α(p), which is a separable subspace of T(R). In particular, this implies that MCG(R) is a countable group. This is a generalization of a fact that MCG(R) acts discontinuously on T o = T(R) for an analytically finite Riemann surface R. © 2007 The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

For an analytically infinite Riemann surface R, the quasiconformal mapping class group MCG(R) always acts faithfully on the ordinary Teichmüller space T(R). However in this paper, an example of R is constructed for which MCG(R) acts trivially on its asymptotic Teichmüller space AT (R). © 2007 American Mathematical Society.

Every stationary subgroup of the quasiconformal mapping class group of a Riemann surface acts on the Teichmüller space discontinuously if the surface satisfies a certain geometric condition. In this paper, we construct such a Riemann surface that the quasiconformal mapping class group is non-stationary but it still acts on the Teichmüller space discontinuously.

The space of all projective structures on a closed surface is a holomorphic vector bundle over the Teichmüller space. In this paper, we restrict the space to the Bers fiber over any fixed underlying complex structure and prove that the interior of the set of discrete projective structures in the Bers fiber consists of those having quasifuchsian holonomy.

We classify the modular transformations of infinite dimensional Teichmuller spaces according to the behavior of their orbits. We then consider two classes, stationary and asymptotically elliptic, whose elements have a certain property similar to that of the modular transformations of finite dimensional Teichmuller spaces.

We study the action of isometries on metric spaces. In particular, we consider the recurrent set of the bilateral shift operator on the Banach space L∞ (ℤ), and prove that the set of periodic points is not dense in the recurrent set. Then we apply this result to investigating the dynamics of Teichmüller modular groups acting on infinite dimensional Teichmüller spaces as well as composition operators acting on Hardy spaces. Indiana University Mathematics Journal ©.

We construct an example of a Riemann surface of infinite topological type for which the Teichmüller modular group consists of only a countable number of elements. We also consider distinguished properties which the Teichmüller space of this Riemann surface possesses. ©2004 American Mathematical Society.

The critical exponents of conservative Fuchsian groups are bounded from below by 1/2. It is proved in this note that this result is sharp by giving a sequence of conservative Fuchsian groups whose critical exponents converge to 1/2. The proof is carried out by estimating the isoperimetric constants of hyperbolic surfaces associated with the Fuchsian groups. © 2005, Department of Mathematics, Tokyo Institute of Technology. All rights reserved.

We prove that if the Bers embeddings of the Teichmüller spaces of infinitely generated Fuchsian groups are coincident, then these Fuchsian groups are the same.

In this paper we investigate the Hausdorff dimension of the limit set of an infinitely generated discrete subgroup of hyperbolic isometries and obtain conditions for the limit set to have full dimension. © 2000 Cambridge Philosophical Society.

It is proved that the embeddings of Teichmuller spaces of cofinite Fuchsian groups of distinct moduli are discrete in the universal Teichmuller space.

Herein the authors show that discrete groups of motions on Hn+1 may be conservative on S(n) but have no positive measure ergodic components for this boundary action. An explicit example of such a group is given for H-3 using the Apollonian circle packing of R2.