Updated on 2024/12/07

写真a

 
GODA, Nobuhito
 
Affiliation
Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Advanced Science and Engineering
Job title
Professor
Degree
博士(医学) ( 慶應義塾大学 )

Education Background

  •  
    -
    1997

    Keio University   Graduate School of Medicine  

  •  
    -
    1990

    Keio University   School of Medicine  

Professional Memberships

  •  
     
     

    THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF HEPATOLOGY

  •  
     
     

    日本分子生物学会

  •  
     
     

    日本生化学会

Research Areas

  • Laboratory animal science / Gastroenterology   肝臓病 / Metabolism and endocrinology   糖尿病 / Pathological biochemistry   低酸素生物学

Research Interests

  • 糖尿病

  • 糖・脂質代謝

  • 肝臓病

  • ノックアウトマウス

  • 低酸素応答・低酸素ストレス

Awards

  • Best Poster Award

    2011.10   6th International Symposium on ALPD and Cirrhosis  

    Winner: 合田 亘人

  • 高田賞 第30回アルコール医学生物学研究会

    2010  

  • 上原記念生命科学財団 海外留学助成ポストドクトラルフェローシップ

    2000  

 

Papers

  • SDHAF1 confers metabolic resilience to aging hematopoietic stem cells by promoting mitochondrial ATP production.

    Shintaro Watanuki, Hiroshi Kobayashi, Yuki Sugiura, Masamichi Yamamoto, Daiki Karigane, Kohei Shiroshita, Yuriko Sorimachi, Takayuki Morikawa, Shinya Fujita, Kotaro Shide, Miho Haraguchi, Shinpei Tamaki, Takumi Mikawa, Hiroshi Kondoh, Hiroyasu Nakano, Kenta Sumiyama, Go Nagamatsu, Nobuhito Goda, Shinichiro Okamoto, Ayako Nakamura-Ishizu, Kazuya Shimoda, Makoto Suematsu, Toshio Suda, Keiyo Takubo

    Cell stem cell    2024.05  [International journal]

     View Summary

    Aging generally predisposes stem cells to functional decline, impairing tissue homeostasis. Here, we report that hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) acquire metabolic resilience that promotes cell survival. High-resolution real-time ATP analysis with glucose tracing and metabolic flux analysis revealed that old HSCs reprogram their metabolism to activate the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), becoming more resistant to oxidative stress and less dependent on glycolytic ATP production at steady state. As a result, old HSCs can survive without glycolysis, adapting to the physiological cytokine environment in bone marrow. Mechanistically, old HSCs enhance mitochondrial complex II metabolism during stress to promote ATP production. Furthermore, increased succinate dehydrogenase assembly factor 1 (SDHAF1) in old HSCs, induced by physiological low-concentration thrombopoietin (TPO) exposure, enables rapid mitochondrial ATP production upon metabolic stress, thereby improving survival. This study provides insight into the acquisition of resilience through metabolic reprogramming in old HSCs and its molecular basis to ameliorate age-related hematopoietic abnormalities.

    DOI PubMed

  • Mesenchymal loss of p53 alters stem cell capacity and models human soft tissue sarcoma traits.

    Yuriko Sorimachi, Hiroshi Kobayashi, Yusuke Shiozawa, Shuhei Koide, Ryuichiro Nakato, Yukiko Shimizu, Tadashi Okamura, Katsuhiko Shirahige, Atsushi Iwama, Nobuhito Goda, Kaiyo Takubo, Keiyo Takubo

    Stem cell reports   18 ( 5 ) 1211 - 1226  2023.04  [Refereed]  [International journal]

     View Summary

    Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors that originate from mesenchymal cells. p53 is frequently mutated in human STS. In this study, we found that the loss of p53 in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) mainly causes adult undifferentiated soft tissue sarcoma (USTS). MSCs lacking p53 show changes in stem cell properties, including differentiation, cell cycle progression, and metabolism. The transcriptomic changes and genetic mutations in murine p53-deficient USTS mimic those seen in human STS. Furthermore, single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that MSCs undergo transcriptomic alterations with aging-a risk factor for certain types of USTS-and that p53 signaling decreases simultaneously. Moreover, we found that human STS can be transcriptomically classified into six clusters with different prognoses, different from the current histopathological classification. This study paves the way for understanding MSC-mediated tumorigenesis and provides an efficient mouse model for sarcoma studies.

    DOI PubMed

  • Context-Dependent Modification of PFKFB3 in Hematopoietic Stem Cells Promotes Anaerobic Glycolysis and Ensures Stress Hematopoiesis

    Shintaro Watanuki, Hiroshi Kobayashi, Yuki Sugiura, Masamichi Yamamoto, Daiki Karigane, Kohei Shiroshita, Yuriko Sorimachi, Shuhei Koide, Motohiko Oshima, Akira Nishiyama, Koichi Murakami, Miho Haraguchi, Shinpei Tamaki, Takehiro Yamamoto, Tomohiro Yabushita, Yosuke Tanaka, Hiroaki Honda, Shinichiro Okamoto, Nobuhito Goda, Tomohiko Tamura, Ayako Nakamura-Ishizu, Makoto Suematsu, Atsushi Iwama, Toshio Suda, Keiyo Takubo

    bioRxiv    2023.03

     View Summary

    Abstract

    Metabolic pathways are plastic and rapidly change in response to stress or perturbation. Current metabolic profiling techniques require lysis of many cells, complicating the tracking of metabolic changes over time after stress in rare cells such as hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Here, we aimed to identify the key metabolic enzymes that define metabolic differences between steady-state and stress conditions in HSCs and elucidate their regulatory mechanisms. Through quantitative13C metabolic flux analysis of glucose metabolism using high-sensitivity glucose tracing and mathematical modeling, we found that HSCs activate the glycolytic rate-limiting enzyme phosphofructokinase (PFK) during proliferation and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibition. Real-time measurement of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels in single HSCs demonstrated that proliferative stress or OXPHOS inhibition led to accelerated glycolysis via increased activity of PFKFB3, the enzyme regulating an allosteric PFK activator, within seconds to meet ATP requirements. Furthermore, varying stresses differentially activated PFKFB3 via PRMT1-dependent methylation during proliferative stress and via AMPK-dependent phosphorylation during OXPHOS inhibition. Overexpression ofPfkfb3induced HSC proliferation and promoted differentiated cell production, whereas inhibition or loss ofPfkfb3suppressed them. This study reveals the flexible and multilayered regulation of HSC metabolism to sustain hematopoiesis under stress and provides techniques to better understand the physiological metabolism of rare hematopoietic cells.

    Key Points

    Combined isotope tracing, mathematical modeling, and single cell ATP analysis enable high-resolution evaluation of blood cell metabolism.

    Under stress, HSCs quickly accelerate glycolysis to meet ATP demands and maintain hematopoiesis via context-dependent PFKFB3 activation.

    DOI

  • Sima , a Drosophila homolog of HIF‐1α , in fat body tissue inhibits larval body growth by inducing Tribbles gene expression

    Koji Noguchi, Kyosuke Yokozeki, Yuko Tanaka, Yasuhiro Suzuki, Kazuki Nakajima, Takashi Nishimura, Nobuhito Goda

    Genes to Cells   27 ( 2 ) 145 - 151  2022.02  [Refereed]

    Authorship:Corresponding author

    DOI

  • Epithelial cells remove precancerous cells by cell competition via MHC class I–LILRB3 interaction

    Shiyu Ayukawa, Nagisa Kamoshita, Jun Nakayama, Ryohei Teramoto, Novalia Pishesha, Kenji Ohba, Nanami Sato, Kei Kozawa, Hikari Abe, Kentaro Semba, Nobuhito Goda, Yasuyuki Fujita, Takeshi Maruyama

    Nature Immunology   22 ( 11 ) 1391 - 1402  2021.11  [Refereed]  [International journal]

     View Summary

    Epithelial cells have an ability termed 'cell competition', which is an immune surveillance-like function that extrudes precancerous cells from the epithelial layer, leading to apoptosis and clearance. However, it remains unclear how epithelial cells recognize and extrude transformed cells. Here, we discovered that a PirB family protein, leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B3 (LILRB3), which is expressed on non-transformed epithelial cells, recognizes major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC class I) that is highly expressed on transformed cells. MHC class I interaction with LILRB3 expressed on normal epithelial cells triggers an SHP2-ROCK2 pathway that generates a mechanical force to extrude transformed cells. Removal of transformed cells occurs independently of natural killer (NK) cell or CD8+ cytotoxic T cell-mediated activity. This is a new mechanism in that the immunological ligand-receptor system generates a mechanical force in non-immune epithelial cells to extrude precancerous cells in the same epithelial layer.

    DOI PubMed

  • SLC15A4 mediates M1-prone metabolic shifts in macrophages and guards immune cells from metabolic stress.

    Toshihiko Kobayashi, Dat Nguyen-Tien, Yuriko Sorimachi, Yuki Sugiura, Takehiro Suzuki, Hitomi Karyu, Shiho Shimabukuro-Demoto, Tatsuki Uemura, Tadashi Okamura, Tomohiko Taguchi, Kohjiro Ueki, Norihiro Kato, Nobuhito Goda, Naoshi Dohmae, Keiyo Takubo, Makoto Suematsu, Noriko Toyama-Sorimachi

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America   118 ( 33 )  2021.08  [Refereed]  [International journal]

     View Summary

    The amino acid and oligopeptide transporter Solute carrier family 15 member A4 (SLC15A4), which resides in lysosomes and is preferentially expressed in immune cells, plays critical roles in the pathogenesis of lupus and colitis in murine models. Toll-like receptor (TLR)7/9- and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (NOD1)-mediated inflammatory responses require SLC15A4 function for regulating the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) or transporting L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-meso-diaminopimelic acid, IL-12: interleukin-12 (Tri-DAP), respectively. Here, we further investigated the mechanism of how SLC15A4 directs inflammatory responses. Proximity-dependent biotin identification revealed glycolysis as highly enriched gene ontology terms. Fluxome analyses in macrophages indicated that SLC15A4 loss causes insufficient biotransformation of pyruvate to the tricarboxylic acid cycle, while increasing glutaminolysis to the cycle. Furthermore, SLC15A4 was required for M1-prone metabolic change and inflammatory IL-12 cytokine productions after TLR9 stimulation. SLC15A4 could be in close proximity to AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mTOR, and SLC15A4 deficiency impaired TLR-mediated AMPK activation. Interestingly, SLC15A4-intact but not SLC15A4-deficient macrophages became resistant to fluctuations in environmental nutrient levels by limiting the use of the glutamine source; thus, SLC15A4 was critical for macrophage's respiratory homeostasis. Our findings reveal a mechanism of metabolic regulation in which an amino acid transporter acts as a gatekeeper that protects immune cells' ability to acquire an M1-prone metabolic phenotype in inflammatory tissues by mitigating metabolic stress.

    DOI PubMed

  • p38α plays differential roles in hematopoietic stem cell activity dependent on aging contexts.

    Yuriko Sorimachi, Daiki Karigane, Yukako Ootomo, Hiroshi Kobayashi, Takayuki Morikawa, Kinya Otsu, Yoshiaki Kubota, Shinichiro Okamoto, Nobuhito Goda, Keiyo Takubo

    The Journal of biological chemistry   296   100563 - 100563  2021.03  [Refereed]  [International journal]

     View Summary

    Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their progeny sustain lifetime hematopoiesis. Aging alters HSC function, number, and composition and increases risk of hematological malignancies, but how these changes occur in HSCs remains unclear. Signaling via p38MAPK has been proposed as a candidate mechanism underlying induction of HSC aging. Here, using genetic models of both chronological and premature aging, we describe a multimodal role for p38α, the major p38MAPK isozyme in hematopoiesis, in HSC aging. We report that p38α regulates differentiation bias and sustains transplantation capacity of HSCs in the early phase of chronological aging. However, p38α decreased HSC transplantation capacity in the late progression phase of chronological aging. Furthermore, co-deletion of p38α in mice deficient in Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (Atm), a model of premature aging, exacerbated aging-related HSC phenotypes seen in Atm single mutant mice. Overall, these studies provide new insight into multiple functions of p38MAPK, which both promotes and suppresses HSC aging context-dependently.

    DOI PubMed

  • In vivo O2 imaging in hepatic tissues by phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy using Ir(III) complexes as intracellular probes.

    Kiichi Mizukami, Ayaka Katano, Shuichi Shiozaki, Toshitada Yoshihara, Nobuhito Goda, Seiji Tobita

    Scientific reports   10 ( 1 ) 21053 - 21053  2020.12  [Refereed]  [International journal]

     View Summary

    Phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (PLIM) combined with an oxygen (O2)-sensitive luminescent probe allows for high-resolution O2 imaging of living tissues. Herein, we present phosphorescent Ir(III) complexes, (btp)2Ir(acac-DM) (Ir-1) and (btp-OH)3Ir (Ir-2), as useful O2 probes for PLIM measurement. These small-molecule probes were efficiently taken up into cultured cells and accumulated in specific organelles. Their excellent cell-permeable properties allowed for efficient staining of three-dimensional cell spheroids, and thereby phosphorescence lifetime measurements enabled the evaluation of the O2 level and distribution in spheroids, including the detection of alterations in O2 levels by metabolic stimulation with an effector. We took PLIM images of hepatic tissues of living mice by intravenously administrating these probes. The PLIM images clearly visualized the O2 gradient in hepatic lobules with cellular-level resolution, and the O2 levels were derived based on calibration using cultured cells; the phosphorescence lifetime of Ir-1 gave reasonable O2 levels, whereas Ir-2 exhibited much lower O2 levels. Intravenous administration of NH4Cl to mice caused the hepatic tissues to experience hypoxia, presumably due to O2 consumption to produce ATP required for ammonia detoxification, suggesting that the metabolism of the probe molecule might affect liver O2 levels.

    DOI PubMed

  • ZAK Inhibitor PLX4720 Promotes Extrusion of Transformed Cells via Cell Competition.

    Takeshi Maruyama, Ayana Sasaki, Sayuri Iijima, Shiyu Ayukawa, Nobuhito Goda, Keisuke Tazuru, Norikazu Hashimoto, Takashi Hayashi, Kei Kozawa, Nanami Sato, Susumu Ishikawa, Tomoko Morita, Yasuyuki Fujita

    iScience   23 ( 7 ) 101327 - 101327  2020.07  [Refereed]  [International journal]

     View Summary

    Previous studies have revealed that, at the initial step of carcinogenesis, transformed cells are often eliminated from epithelia via cell competition with the surrounding normal cells. In this study, we performed cell competition-based high-throughput screening for chemical compounds using cultured epithelial cells and confocal microscopy. PLX4720 was identified as a hit compound that promoted apical extrusion of RasV12-transformed cells surrounded by normal epithelial cells. Knockdown/knockout of ZAK, a target of PLX4720, substantially enhanced the apical elimination of RasV12 cells in vitro and in vivo. ZAK negatively modulated the accumulation or activation of multiple cell competition regulators. Moreover, PLX4720 treatment promoted apical elimination of RasV12-transformed cells in vivo and suppressed the formation of potentially precancerous tumors. This is the first report demonstrating that a cell competition-promoting chemical drug facilitates apical elimination of transformed cells in vivo, providing a new dimension in cancer preventive medicine.

    DOI PubMed

  • Adrenal cortex hypoxia modulates aldosterone production in heart failure.

    Kaoru Yamashita, Kentaro Ito, Jin Endo, Tomohiro Matsuhashi, Yoshinori Katsumata, Tsunehisa Yamamoto, Kohsuke Shirakawa, Sarasa Isobe, Masaharu Kataoka, Naohiro Yoshida, Shinichi Goto, Hidenori Moriyama, Hiroki Kitakata, Fumiko Mitani, Keiichi Fukuda, Nobuhito Goda, Atsuhiro Ichihara, Motoaki Sano

    Biochemical and biophysical research communications   524 ( 1 ) 184 - 189  2020.03  [Refereed]  [International journal]

     View Summary

    Plasma aldosterone concentration increases in proportion to the severity of heart failure, even during treatment with renin-angiotensin system inhibitors. This study investigated alternative regulatory mechanisms of aldosterone production that are significant in heart failure. Dahl salt-sensitive rats on a high-salt diet, a rat model of heart failure with cardio-renal syndrome, had high plasma aldosterone levels and elevated β3-adrenergic receptor expression in hypoxic zona glomerulosa cells. In H295R cells (a human adrenocortical cell line), hypoxia-induced β3-adrenergic receptor expression. Hypoxia-mediated β3-adrenergic receptor expression augmented aldosterone production by facilitating hydrolysis of lipid droplets though ERK-mediated phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase, also known as cholesteryl ester hydrolase. Hypoxia also accelerated the synthesis of cholesterol esters by acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase, thereby increasing the cholesterol ester content in lipid droplets. Thus, hypoxia enhanced aldosterone production by zona glomerulosa cells via promotion of the accumulation and hydrolysis of cholesterol ester in lipid droplets. In conclusion, hypoxic zona glomerulosa cells with heart failure show enhanced aldosterone production via increased catecholamine responsiveness and activation of cholesterol trafficking, irrespective of the renin-angiotensin system.

    DOI PubMed

  • Generation of Rat Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for Human Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-2.

    Masako Tanaka, Masayuki Shiota, Masaru Koyama, Jun Nakayama, Masakazu Yashiro, Kentaro Semba, Nobuhito Goda

    Monoclonal antibodies in immunodiagnosis and immunotherapy   39 ( 1 ) 23 - 26  2020.02  [Refereed]  [International journal]

     View Summary

    Stromal cell-derived factor-2 (SDF-2) is reportedly involved in multiple endoplasmic reticulum (ER) functions, including the misfolded protein catabolic process, protein glycosylation, and ER protein quality control. However, the precise molecular and cellular functions of SDF-2 remain unknown. Previously, we discovered that SDF-2 mediates acquired resistance to oxaliplatin in human gastric cancer cells. In this study, we have generated SDF-2-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), using the rat medial iliac lymph node method, as a tool to explore novel mechanisms of oxaliplatin resistance. The antibodies detected endogenous human SDF-2 in immunoblotting analyses. In addition, immunoprecipitation analyses revealed the availability of these antibodies for human SDF-2. Thus, these mAbs will be available to elucidate molecular and cellular functions of SDF-2 in cancer cells.

    DOI PubMed

  • Metabolic adaptation to glycolysis is a basic defense mechanism of macrophages for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

    Mayuko Osada-Oka, Nobuhito Goda, Hiroyuki Saiga, Masahiro Yamamoto, Kiyoshi Takeda, Yuriko Ozeki, Takehiro Yamaguchi, Tomoyoshi Soga, Yu Tateishi, Katsuyuki Miura, Daisuke Okuzaki, Kazuo Kobayashi, Sohkichi Matsumoto

    International immunology   31 ( 12 ) 781 - 793  2019.11  [Refereed]  [International journal]

     View Summary

    Macrophages are major components of tuberculosis (TB) granulomas and are responsible for host defenses against the intracellular pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We herein showed the strong expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in TB granulomas and more rapid death of HIF-1α-conditional knockout mice than wild-type (WT) mice after M. tuberculosis infection. Although interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is a critical host-protective cytokine against intracellular pathogens, HIF-1-deficient macrophages permitted M. tuberculosis growth even after activation with IFN-γ. These results prompted us to investigate the role of HIF-1α in host defenses against infection. We found that the expression of lactate dehydrogenase-A (LDH-A) was controlled by HIF-1α in M. tuberculosis-infected macrophages IFN-γ independently. LDH-A is an enzyme that converts pyruvate to lactate and we found that the intracellular level of pyruvate in HIF-1α-deficient bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) was significantly higher than in WT BMDMs. Intracellular bacillus replication was enhanced by an increase in intracellular pyruvate concentrations, which were decreased by LDH-A. Mycobacteria in phagosomes took up exogenous pyruvate more efficiently than glucose, and used it as the feasible carbon source for intracellular growth. These results demonstrate that HIF-1α prevents the hijacking of pyruvate in macrophages, making it a fundamental host-protective mechanism against M. tuberculosis.

    DOI PubMed

  • Pyruvate dehydrogenase activation precedes the down-regulation of fatty acid oxidation in monocrotaline-induced myocardial toxicity in mice.

    Gaku Nakai, Daisuke Shimura, Ken Uesugi, Ichige Kajimura, Qibin Jiao, Yoichiro Kusakari, Tomoyoshi Soga, Nobuhito Goda, Susumu Minamisawa

    Heart and vessels   34 ( 3 ) 545 - 555  2019.03  [Refereed]  [Domestic journal]

     View Summary

    Fatty acid (FA) oxidation is impaired and glycolysis is promoted in the damaged heart. However, the factor(s) in the early stages of myocardial metabolic impairment remain(s) unclear. C57B6 mice were subcutaneously administered monocrotaline (MCT) in doses of 0.3 mg/g body weight twice a week for 3 or 6 weeks. Right and left ventricles at 3 and 6 weeks after administration were subjected to capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry metabolomic analysis. We also examined mRNA and protein levels of key metabolic molecules. Although no evidence of PH and right ventricular failure was found in the MCT-administered mice by echocardiographic and histological analyzes, the expression levels of stress markers such as TNFα and IL-6 were increased in right and left ventricles even at 3 weeks, suggesting that there was myocardial damage. Metabolites in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were decreased and those in glycolysis were increased at 6 weeks. The expression levels of FA oxidation-related factors were decreased at 6 weeks. The phosphorylation level of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) was significantly decreased at 3 weeks. FA oxidation and the TCA cycle were down-regulated, whereas glycolysis was partially up-regulated by MCT-induced myocardial damage. PDH activation preceded these alterations, suggesting that PDH activation is one of the earliest events to compensate for a subtle metabolic impairment from myocardial damage.

    DOI PubMed

  • Transcriptional profiles in the chicken ductus arteriosus during hatching.

    Toru Akaike, Satoko Shinjo, Eriko Ohmori, Ichige Kajimura, Nobuhito Goda, Susumu Minamisawa

    PloS one   14 ( 3 ) e0214139  2019  [Refereed]  [International journal]

     View Summary

    The ductus arteriosus, an essential embryonic blood vessel between the pulmonary artery and the descending aorta, constricts after birth or hatching and eventually closes to terminate embryonic circulation. Chicken embryos have two long ductus arteriosi, which anatomically differ from mammal ductus arteriosus. Each long ductus arteriosus is divided into two parts: the pulmonary artery-sided and descending aorta-sided ductus arteriosi. Although the pulmonary artery-sided and descending aorta-sided ductus arteriosi have distinct functional characteristics, such as oxygen responsiveness, the difference in their transcriptional profiles has not been investigated. We performed a DNA microarray analysis (GSE 120116 at NCBI GEO) with pooled tissues from the chicken pulmonary artery-sided ductus arteriosus, descending aorta-sided ductus arteriosus, and aorta at the internal pipping stage. Although several known ductus arteriosus-dominant genes such as tfap2b were highly expressed in the pulmonary artery-sided ductus arteriosus, we newly found genes that were dominantly expressed in the chicken pulmonary artery-sided ductus arteriosus. Interestingly, cluster analysis showed that the expression pattern of the pulmonary artery-sided ductus arteriosus was closer to that of the descending aorta-sided ductus arteriosus than that of the aorta, whereas the morphology of the descending aorta-sided ductus arteriosus was closer to that of the aorta than that of the pulmonary artery-sided ductus arteriosus. Subsequent pathway analysis with DAVID bioinformatics resources revealed that the pulmonary artery-sided ductus arteriosus showed enhanced expression of the genes involved in melanogenesis and tyrosine metabolism compared with the descending aorta-sided ductus arteriosus, suggesting that tyrosinase and the related genes play an important role in the proper differentiation of neural crest-derived cells during vascular remodeling in the ductus arteriosus. In conclusion, the transcription profiles of the chicken ductus arteriosus provide new insights for investigating the mechanism of ductus arteriosus closure.

    DOI PubMed

  • HIF-1-dependent lipin1 induction prevents excessive lipid accumulation in choline-deficient diet-induced fatty liver.

    Takatomo Arai, Masako Tanaka, Nobuhito Goda

    Scientific reports   8 ( 1 ) 14230 - 14230  2018.09  [Refereed]  [International journal]

    Authorship:Corresponding author

     View Summary

    Adaptive responses to hypoxia regulate hepatic lipid metabolism, but their consequences in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are largely unknown. Here, we show that hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), a key determinant of hypoxic adaptations, prevents excessive hepatic lipid accumulation in the progression of NAFLD. When exposed to a choline-deficient diet (CDD) for 4 weeks, the loss of hepatic Hif-1α gene accelerated liver steatosis with enhanced triglyceride accumulation in the liver compared to wild-type (WT) livers. Expression of genes involved in peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation was suppressed significantly in CDD-treated WT livers, whereas this reduction was further enhanced in Hif-1α-deficient livers. A lack of induction and nuclear accumulation of lipin1, a key regulator of the PPARα/PGC-1α pathway, could be attributed to impaired peroxisomal β-oxidation in Hif-1α-deficient livers. The lipin1-mediated binding of PPARα to the acyl CoA oxidase promoter was markedly reduced in Hif-1α-deficient mice exposed to a CDD. Moreover, forced Lipin1 expression restored the aberrant lipid accumulation caused by Hif-1α deletion in cells incubated in a choline-deficient medium. These results strongly suggest that HIF-1 plays a crucial role in the regulation of peroxisomal lipid metabolism by activating the expression and nuclear accumulation of lipin1 in NAFLD.

    DOI PubMed

  • Differential expression of Lutheran/BCAM regulates biliary tissue remodeling in ductular reaction during liver regeneration.

    Yasushi Miura, Satoshi Matsui, Naoko Miyata, Kenichi Harada, Yamato Kikkawa, Masaki Ohmuraya, Kimi Araki, Shinya Tsurusaki, Hitoshi Okochi, Nobuhito Goda, Atsushi Miyajima, Minoru Tanaka

    eLife   7  2018.07  [Refereed]  [International journal]

     View Summary

    Under chronic or severe liver injury, liver progenitor cells (LPCs) of biliary origin are known to expand and contribute to the regeneration of hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. This regeneration process is called ductular reaction (DR), which is accompanied by dynamic remodeling of biliary tissue. Although the DR shows apparently distinct mode of biliary extension depending on the type of liver injury, the key regulatory mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we show that Lutheran (Lu)/Basal cell adhesion molecule (BCAM) regulates the morphogenesis of DR depending on liver disease models. Lu+ and Lu- biliary cells isolated from injured liver exhibit opposite phenotypes in cell motility and duct formation capacities in vitro. By overexpression of Lu, Lu- biliary cells acquire the phenotype of Lu+ biliary cells. Lu-deficient mice showed severe defects in DR. Our findings reveal a critical role of Lu in the control of phenotypic heterogeneity of DR in distinct liver disease models.

    DOI PubMed

  • Effects of aging on serum levels of lipid molecular species as determined by lipidomics analysis in Japanese men and women.

    Noriaki Kawanishi, Yuki Kato, Kyosuke Yokozeki, Shuji Sawada, Ryota Sakurai, Yoshinori Fujiwara, Shoji Shinkai, Nobuhito Goda, Katsuhiko Suzuki

    Lipids in health and disease   17 ( 1 ) 135 - 135  2018.06  [Refereed]  [International journal]

     View Summary

    BACKGROUND: Aging is known to be associated with increased risk of lipid disorders related to the development of type 2 diabetes. Recent evidence revealed that change of lipid molecule species in blood is associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes. However, changes in lipid molecular species induced by aging are still unknown. We assessed the effects of age on the serum levels of lipid molecular species as determined by lipidomics analysis. METHODS: Serum samples were collected from ten elderly men (71.7 ± 0.5 years old) and women (70.2 ± 1.0 years old), ten young men (23.9 ± 0.4 years old), and women (23.9 ± 0.7 years old). Serum levels of lipid molecular species were determined by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry-based lipidomics analysis. RESULTS: Our mass spectrometry analysis revealed increases in the levels of multiple triacylglycerol molecular species in the serum of elderly men and women. Moreover, serum levels of total ester-linked phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were increased by aging. In contrast, serum levels of specific ether-linked PC and PE molecular species were lower in elderly individuals than in young individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Our finding indicates that specific lipid molecular species, such as ether- and ester- linked phospholipids, may be selectively altered by aging.

    DOI PubMed

  • Loss of hypoxia inducible factor-1α aggravates γδ T-cell-mediated inflammation during acetaminophen-induced liver injury.

    Tomohiro Suzuki, Shoko Minagawa, Takashi Yamazaki, Takatomo Arai, Mai Kanai, Satoko Shinjo, Nobuhito Goda

    Hepatology communications   2 ( 5 ) 571 - 581  2018.05  [Refereed]  [International journal]

    Authorship:Corresponding author

     View Summary

    Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury is closely associated with acute hepatic inflammation. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is activated during immunological processes and regulates gene expressions in various types of immune cells. Although HIF-1 controls the differentiation and functions of conventional T cells in chronic inflammation, the pathological importance of HIF-1 in innate-like T cells during acute inflammation remains unknown. Here, we investigated the role of HIF-1 in innate-like γδ T cells during APAP-induced acute liver injury. In response to APAP administration, T-cell-specific Hif-1α gene knockout mice sustained severe liver damage compared to wild-type control mice but without any impacts on the initial hepatic insult. This severe liver damage was accompanied by excessive neutrophil infiltration into the liver, increased serum interleukin (IL)-17A levels, and increased hepatic expressions of C-X-C chemokine ligand (Cxcl) 1 and Cxcl2. Neutrophil depletion and IL-17A neutralization completely abolished the aggravated phenotypes in T-cell-specific Hif-1α gene knockout mice. Loss of the Hif-1α gene enhanced the aberrant accumulation of IL-17A-producing innate-like γδ T cells in the affected liver with no apparent effects on their IL-17A-producing ability. Adoptive transfer of Hif-1α-deficient splenic γδ T cells into recombination activating gene 2 (Rag2)-deficient mice aggravated APAP-induced liver injury with increased neutrophil accumulation in the liver compared to that of wild-type γδ T cells. Furthermore, Hif-1α-deficient γδ T cells selectively showed aberrantly enhanced migratory ability. This ability was totally abolished by treatment with the mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate synthase inhibitor oligomycin. Conclusion: Deletion of Hif-1α gene in T cells aggravates APAP-induced acute inflammatory responses by enhancing aberrant innate-like γδ T-cell recruitment, thereby increasing excessive neutrophil infiltration into the liver. (Hepatology Communications 2018;2:571-581).

    DOI PubMed

  • Disruption of the mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM) plays a central role in palmitic acid-induced insulin resistance.

    Satoko Shinjo, Shuying Jiang, Masaaki Nameta, Tomohiro Suzuki, Mai Kanai, Yuta Nomura, Nobuhito Goda

    Experimental cell research   359 ( 1 ) 86 - 93  2017.10  [Refereed]  [International journal]

    Authorship:Last author

     View Summary

    The mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM) is a specialized subdomain of ER that physically connects with mitochondria. Although disruption of inter-organellar crosstalk via the MAM impairs cellular homeostasis, its pathological significance in insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus remains unclear. Here, we reveal the importance of reduced MAM formation in the induction of fatty acid-evoked insulin resistance in hepatocytes. Palmitic acid (PA) repressed insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation in HepG2 cells within 12h. Treatment with an inhibitor of the ER stress response failed to restore PA-mediated suppression of Akt activation. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production did not increase in PA-treated cells. Even short-term exposure (3h) to PA reduced the calcium flux from ER to mitochondria, followed by a significant decrease in MAM contact area, suggesting that PA suppressed the functional interaction between ER and mitochondria. Forced expression of mitofusin-2, a critical component of the MAM, partially restored MAM contact area and ameliorated the PA-elicited suppression of insulin sensitivity with Ser473 phosphorylation of Akt selectively improved. These results suggest that loss of proximity between ER and mitochondria, but not perturbation of homeostasis in the two organelles individually, plays crucial roles in PA-evoked Akt inactivation in hepatic insulin resistance.

    DOI PubMed

  • Type I neuregulin1α is a novel local mediator to suppress hepatic gluconeogenesis in mice.

    Takatomo Arai, Yumika Ono, Yujiro Arimura, Keimon Sayama, Tomohiro Suzuki, Satoko Shinjo, Mai Kanai, Shin-Ichi Abe, Kentaro Semba, Nobuhito Goda

    Scientific reports   7   42959 - 42959  2017.02  [Refereed]  [International journal]

    Authorship:Corresponding author

     View Summary

    Neuregulin1 is an epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain-containing protein that has multiple isoforms and functions as a local mediator in the control of various cellular functions. Here we show that type I isoform of neuregulin1 with an α-type EGF-like domain (Nrg1α) is the major isoform in mouse liver and regulates hepatic glucose production. Forced expression of Nrg1α in mouse liver enhanced systemic glucose disposal and decreased hepatic glucose production with reduced fasting blood glucose levels. Nuclear forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) and its downstream targets, PEPCK and G6Pase, were suppressed in liver and isolated hepatocytes by Nrg1α overexpression. In contrast, silencing of Nrg1α enhanced glucose production with increased PEPCK and G6Pase expressions in cAMP/dexamethasone-stimulated hepatocytes. Mechanistically, the recombinant α-type EGF-like domain of NRG1α (rNRG1α) stimulated the ERBB3 signalling pathway in hepatocytes, resulting in decreased nuclear FoxO1 accumulation via activation of both the AKT and ERK pathways. In addition, acute treatment with rNRG1α also suppressed elevation of blood glucose levels after both glucose and pyruvate challenge. Although a liver-specific deletion of Nrg1 gene in mice showed little effect on systemic glucose metabolism, these results suggest that NRG1α have a novel regulatory function in hepatic gluconeogenesis by regulating the ERBB3-AKT/ERK-FoxO1 cascade.

    DOI PubMed

  • HIF-1α in Myeloid Cells Promotes Adipose Tissue Remodeling Toward Insulin Resistance.

    Akiko Takikawa, Arshad Mahmood, Allah Nawaz, Tomonobu Kado, Keisuke Okabe, Seiji Yamamoto, Aminuddin Aminuddin, Satoko Senda, Koichi Tsuneyama, Masashi Ikutani, Yasuharu Watanabe, Yoshiko Igarashi, Yoshinori Nagai, Kiyoshi Takatsu, Keiichi Koizumi, Johji Imura, Nobuhito Goda, Masakiyo Sasahara, Michihiro Matsumoto, Kumiko Saeki, Takashi Nakagawa, Shiho Fujisaka, Isao Usui, Kazuyuki Tobe

    Diabetes   65 ( 12 ) 3649 - 3659  2016.12  [Refereed]  [International journal]

     View Summary

    Adipose tissue hypoxia is an important feature of pathological adipose tissue expansion. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in adipocytes reportedly induces oxidative stress and fibrosis, rather than neoangiogenesis via vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A. We previously reported that macrophages in crown-like structures (CLSs) are both hypoxic and inflammatory. In the current study, we examined how macrophage HIF-1α is involved in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced inflammation, neovascularization, hypoxia, and insulin resistance using mice with myeloid cell-specific HIF-1α deletion that were fed an HFD. Myeloid cell-specific HIF-1α gene deletion protected against HFD-induced inflammation, CLS formation, poor vasculature development in the adipose tissue, and systemic insulin resistance. Despite a reduced expression of Vegfa in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), the preadipocytes and endothelial cells of HIF-1α-deficient mice expressed higher levels of angiogenic factors, including Vegfa, Angpt1, Fgf1, and Fgf10 in accordance with preferable eWAT remodeling. Our in vitro study revealed that lipopolysaccharide-treated bone marrow-derived macrophages directly inhibited the expression of angiogenic factors in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Thus, macrophage HIF-1α is involved not only in the formation of CLSs, further enhancing the inflammatory responses, but also in the inhibition of neoangiogenesis in preadipocytes. We concluded that these two pathways contribute to the obesity-related physiology of pathological adipose tissue expansion, thus causing systemic insulin resistance.

    DOI PubMed

  • Index markers of chronic fatigue syndrome with dysfunction of TCA and urea cycles.

    Emi Yamano, Masahiro Sugimoto, Akiyoshi Hirayama, Satoshi Kume, Masanori Yamato, Guanghua Jin, Seiki Tajima, Nobuhito Goda, Kazuhiro Iwai, Sanae Fukuda, Kouzi Yamaguti, Hirohiko Kuratsune, Tomoyoshi Soga, Yasuyoshi Watanabe, Yosky Kataoka

    Scientific reports   6   34990 - 34990  2016.10  [Refereed]  [International journal]

     View Summary

    Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a persistent and unexplained pathological state characterized by exertional and severely debilitating fatigue, with/without infectious or neuropsychiatric symptoms, lasting at least 6 consecutive months. Its pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. Here, we performed comprehensive metabolomic analyses of 133 plasma samples obtained from CFS patients and healthy controls to establish an objective diagnosis of CFS. CFS patients exhibited significant differences in intermediate metabolite concentrations in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) and urea cycles. The combination of ornithine/citrulline and pyruvate/isocitrate ratios discriminated CFS patients from healthy controls, yielding area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values of 0.801 (95% confidential interval [CI]: 0.711-0.890, P < 0.0001) and 0.750 (95% CI: 0.584-0.916, P = 0.0069) for training (n = 93) and validation (n = 40) datasets, respectively. These findings provide compelling evidence that a clinical diagnostic tool could be developed for CFS based on the ratios of metabolites in plasma.

    DOI PubMed

  • Lutheranは肝幹/前駆細胞の性状を制御する機能性マーカーである

    三浦 泰史, 田中 稔, 吉川 大和, 合田 亘人, 宮島 篤

    日本生化学会大会プログラム・講演要旨集   89回   [2P - 257]  2016.09

  • p38α Activates Purine Metabolism to Initiate Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cell Cycling in Response to Stress.

    Daiki Karigane, Hiroshi Kobayashi, Takayuki Morikawa, Yukako Ootomo, Mashito Sakai, Go Nagamatsu, Yoshiaki Kubota, Nobuhito Goda, Michihiro Matsumoto, Emi K Nishimura, Tomoyoshi Soga, Kinya Otsu, Makoto Suematsu, Shinichiro Okamoto, Toshio Suda, Keiyo Takubo

    Cell stem cell   19 ( 2 ) 192 - 204  2016.08  [Refereed]  [International journal]

     View Summary

    Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintain quiescence by activating specific metabolic pathways, including glycolysis. We do not yet have a clear understanding of how this metabolic activity changes during stress hematopoiesis, such as bone marrow transplantation. Here, we report a critical role for the p38MAPK family isoform p38α in initiating hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) proliferation during stress hematopoiesis in mice. We found that p38MAPK is immediately phosphorylated in HSPCs after a hematological stress, preceding increased HSPC cycling. Conditional deletion of p38α led to defective recovery from hematological stress and a delay in initiation of HSPC proliferation. Mechanistically, p38α signaling increases expression of inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 in HSPCs, leading to altered levels of amino acids and purine-related metabolites and changes in cell-cycle progression in vitro and in vivo. Our studies have therefore uncovered a p38α-mediated pathway that alters HSPC metabolism to respond to stress and promote recovery.

    DOI PubMed

  • The H3K9 methyltransferase Setdb1 regulates TLR4-mediated inflammatory responses in macrophages.

    Rumi Hachiya, Takuya Shiihashi, Ibuki Shirakawa, Yorihiro Iwasaki, Yoshihiro Matsumura, Yumiko Oishi, Yukiteru Nakayama, Yoshihiro Miyamoto, Ichiro Manabe, Kozue Ochi, Miyako Tanaka, Nobuhito Goda, Juro Sakai, Takayoshi Suganami, Yoshihiro Ogawa

    Scientific reports   6   28845 - 28845  2016.06  [Refereed]  [International journal]

     View Summary

    Proinflammatory cytokine production in macrophages involves multiple regulatory mechanisms, which are affected by environmental and intrinsic stress. In particular, accumulating evidence has suggested epigenetic control of macrophage differentiation and function mainly in vitro. SET domain, bifurcated 1 (Setdb1, also known as Eset) is a histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9)-specific methyltransferase and is essential for early development of embryos. Here we demonstrate that Setdb1 in macrophages potently suppresses Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated expression of proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin-6 through its methyltransferase activity. As a molecular mechanism, Setdb1-deficiency decreases the basal H3K9 methylation levels and augments TLR4-mediated NF-κB recruitment on the proximal promoter region of interleukin-6, thereby accelerating interleukin-6 promoter activity. Moreover, macrophage-specific Setdb1-knockout mice exhibit higher serum interleukin-6 concentrations in response to lipopolysaccharide challenge and are more susceptible to endotoxin shock than wildtype mice. This study provides evidence that the H3K9 methyltransferase Setdb1 is a novel epigenetic regulator of proinflammatory cytokine expression in macrophages in vitro and in vivo. Our data will shed insight into the better understanding of how the immune system reacts to a variety of conditions.

    DOI PubMed

  • HIF-1α-PDK1 axis-induced active glycolysis plays an essential role in macrophage migratory capacity.

    Hiroaki Semba, Norihiko Takeda, Takayuki Isagawa, Yuki Sugiura, Kurara Honda, Masaki Wake, Hidenobu Miyazawa, Yoshifumi Yamaguchi, Masayuki Miura, Dana M R Jenkins, Hyunsung Choi, Jung-Whan Kim, Masataka Asagiri, Andrew S Cowburn, Hajime Abe, Katsura Soma, Katsuhiro Koyama, Manami Katoh, Keimon Sayama, Nobuhito Goda, Randall S Johnson, Ichiro Manabe, Ryozo Nagai, Issei Komuro

    Nature communications   7   11635 - 11635  2016.05  [Refereed]  [International journal]

     View Summary

    In severely hypoxic condition, HIF-1α-mediated induction of Pdk1 was found to regulate glucose oxidation by preventing the entry of pyruvate into the tricarboxylic cycle. Monocyte-derived macrophages, however, encounter a gradual decrease in oxygen availability during its migration process in inflammatory areas. Here we show that HIF-1α-PDK1-mediated metabolic changes occur in mild hypoxia, where mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase activity is unimpaired, suggesting a mode of glycolytic reprogramming. In primary macrophages, PKM2, a glycolytic enzyme responsible for glycolytic ATP synthesis localizes in filopodia and lammelipodia, where ATP is rapidly consumed during actin remodelling processes. Remarkably, inhibition of glycolytic reprogramming with dichloroacetate significantly impairs macrophage migration in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, inhibition of the macrophage HIF-1α-PDK1 axis suppresses systemic inflammation, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for regulating inflammatory processes. Our findings thus demonstrate that adaptive responses in glucose metabolism contribute to macrophage migratory activity.

    DOI PubMed

  • 右心不全モデルラットにおける肝線維化因子の検討(Low cardiac output leads hepatic fibrosis in right heart failure model rats)

    Fujimoto Yoshitaka, Urashima Takashi, Ito Reiji, Kajimura Ichige, Akaike Toru, Kusakari Yoichiro, Goda Nobuhito, Minamisawa Susumu

    The Journal of Physiological Sciences   66 ( Suppl.1 ) S163 - S163  2016.03

  • Heterozygous deletion of sarcolipin maintains normal cardiac function.

    Daisuke Shimura, Yoichiro Kusakari, Tetsuo Sasano, Yasuhiro Nakashima, Gaku Nakai, Qibin Jiao, Meihua Jin, Tomohiro Yokota, Yoshihiro Ishikawa, Atsushi Nakano, Nobuhito Goda, Susumu Minamisawa

    American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology   310 ( 1 ) H92-103 - H103  2016.01  [Refereed]  [International journal]

     View Summary

    Sarcolipin (SLN) is a small proteolipid and a regulator of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase. In heart tissue, SLN is exclusively expressed in the atrium. Previously, we inserted Cre recombinase into the endogenous SLN locus by homologous recombination and succeeded in generating SLN-Cre knockin (Sln(Cre/+)) mice. This Sln(Cre/+) mouse can be used to generate an atrium-specific gene-targeting mutant, and it is based on the Cre-loxP system. In the present study, we used adult Sln(Cre/+) mice atria and analyzed the effects of heterozygous SLN deletion by Cre knockin before use as the gene targeting mouse. Both SLN mRNA and protein levels were decreased in Sln(Cre/+) mouse atria, but there were no morphological, physiological, or molecular biological abnormalities. The properties of contractility and Ca(2+) handling were similar to wild-type (WT) mice, and expression levels of several stress markers and sarcoplasmic reticulum-related protein levels were not different between Sln(Cre/+) and WT mice. Moreover, there was no significant difference in sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase activity between the two groups. We showed that Sln(Cre/+) mice were not significantly different from WT mice in all aspects that were examined. The present study provides basic characteristics of Sln(Cre/+) mice and possibly information on the usefulness of Sln(Cre/+) mice as an atrium-specific gene-targeting model.

    DOI PubMed

  • Low Cardiac Output Leads Hepatic Fibrosis in Right Heart Failure Model Rats.

    Yoshitaka Fujimoto, Takashi Urashima, Daisuke Shimura, Reiji Ito, Sadataka Kawachi, Ichige Kajimura, Toru Akaike, Yoichiro Kusakari, Masako Fujiwara, Kiyoshi Ogawa, Nobuhito Goda, Hiroyuki Ida, Susumu Minamisawa

    PloS one   11 ( 2 ) e0148666  2016  [Refereed]  [International journal]

     View Summary

    BACKGROUND: Hepatic fibrosis progresses with right heart failure, and becomes cardiac cirrhosis in a severe case. Although its causal factor still remains unclear. Here we evaluated the progression of hepatic fibrosis using a pulmonary artery banding (PAB)-induced right heart failure model and investigated whether cardiac output (CO) is responsible for the progression of hepatic fibrosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: Five-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats divided into the PAB and sham-operated control groups. After 4 weeks from operation, we measured CO by echocardiography, and hepatic fibrosis ratio by pathological examination using a color analyzer. In the PAB group, CO was significantly lower by 48% than that in the control group (78.2±27.6 and 150.1±31.2 ml/min, P<0.01). Hepatic fibrosis ratio and serum hyaluronic acid, an index of hepatic fibrosis, were significantly increased in the PAB group than those in the control group (7.8±1.7 and 1.0±0.2%, P<0.01, 76.2±27.5 and 32.7±7.5 ng/ml, P<0.01). Notably, the degree of hepatic fibrosis significantly correlated a decrease in CO. Immunohistological analysis revealed that hepatic stellate cells were markedly activated in hypoxic areas, and HIF-1α positive hepatic cells were increased in the PAB group. Furthermore, by real-time PCR analyses, transcripts of profibrotic and fibrotic factors (TGF-β1, CTGF, procollargen I, procollargen III, MMP 2, MMP 9, TIMP 1, TIMP 2) were significantly increased in the PAB group. In addition, western blot analyses revealed that the protein level of HIF-1α was significantly increased in the PAB group than that in the control group (2.31±0.84 and 1.0±0.18 arbitrary units, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that low CO and tissue hypoxia were responsible for hepatic fibrosis in right failure heart model rats.

    DOI PubMed

  • Innate Response to Human Cancer Cells with or without IL-2 Receptor Common γ-Chain Function in NOD Background Mice Lacking Adaptive Immunity.

    Chiyoko Nishime, Kenji Kawai, Takehiro Yamamoto, Ikumi Katano, Makoto Monnai, Nobuhito Goda, Tomoko Mizushima, Hiroshi Suemizu, Masato Nakamura, Mitsuru Murata, Makoto Suematsu, Masatoshi Wakui

    Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)   195 ( 4 ) 1883 - 90  2015.08  [Refereed]  [International journal]

     View Summary

    Immunodeficient hosts exhibit high acceptance of xenogeneic or neoplastic cells mainly due to lack of adaptive immunity, although it still remains to be elucidated how innate response affects the engraftment. IL-2R common γ-chain (IL-2Rγc) signaling is required for development of NK cells and a subset of dendritic cells producing IFN-γ. To better understand innate response in the absence of adaptive immunity, we examined amounts of metastatic foci in the livers after intrasplenic transfer of human colon cancer HCT116 cells into NOD/SCID versus NOD/SCID/IL-2Rγc (null) (NOG) hosts. The intravital microscopic imaging of livers in the hosts depleted of NK cells and/or macrophages revealed that IL-2Rγc function critically contributes to elimination of cancer cells without the need for NK cells and macrophages. In the absence of IL-2Rγc, macrophages play a role in the defense against tumors despite the NOD Sirpa allele, which allows human CD47 to bind to the encoded signal regulatory protein α to inhibit macrophage phagocytosis of human cells. Analogous experiments using human pancreas cancer MIA PaCa-2 cells provided findings roughly similar to those from the experiments using HCT116 cells except for lack of suppression of metastases by macrophages in NOG hosts. Administration of mouse IFN-γ to NOG hosts appeared to partially compensate lack of IL-2Rγc-dependent elimination of transferred HCT116 cells. These results provide insights into the nature of innate response in the absence of adaptive immunity, aiding in developing tumor xenograft models in experimental oncology.

    DOI PubMed

  • Potential Biomarkers of Fatigue Identified by Plasma Metabolome Analysis in Rats

    Satoshi Kume, Masanori Yamato, Yasuhisa Tamura, Guanghua Jin, Masayuki Nakano, Yukiharu Miyashige, Asami Eguchi, Yoshiyuki Ogata, Nobuhito Goda, Kazuhiro Iwai, Emi Yamano, Yasuyoshi Watanabe, Tomoyoshi Soga, Yosky Kataoka

    PLOS ONE   10 ( 3 ) e0120106  2015.03  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    In the present study, prior to the establishment of a method for the clinical diagnosis of chronic fatigue in humans, we validated the utility of plasma metabolomic analysis in a rat model of fatigue using capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS). In order to obtain a fatigued animal group, rats were placed in a cage filled with water to a height of 2.2 cm for 5 days. A food-restricted group, in which rats were limited to 10 g/d of food (around 50% of the control group), was also assessed. The food-restricted group exhibited weight reduction similar to that of the fatigued group. CE-MS measurements were performed to evaluate the profile of food intake-dependent metabolic changes, as well as the profile in fatigue loading, resulting in the identification of 48 metabolites in plasma. Multivariate analyses using hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis revealed that the plasma metabolome in the fatigued group showed clear differences from those in the control and food-restricted groups. In the fatigued group, we found distinctive changes in metabolites related to branched-chain amino acid metabolism, urea cycle, and proline metabolism. Specifically, the fatigued group exhibited significant increases in valine, leucine, isoleucine, and 2-oxoisopentanoate, and significant decreases in citrulline and hydroxyproline compared with the control and food-restricted groups. Plasma levels of total nitric oxide were increased in the fatigued group, indicating systemic oxidative stress. Further, plasma metabolites involved in the citrate cycle, such as cis-aconitate and isocitrate, were reduced in the fatigued group. The levels of ATP were significantly decreased in the liver and skeletal muscle, indicative of a deterioration in energy metabolism in these organs. Thus, this comprehensive metabolic analysis furthered our understanding of the pathophysiology of fatigue, and identified potential diagnostic biomarkers based on fatigue pathophysiology.

    DOI PubMed

  • WITHDRAWN: Loss of hepatic HIF-1α accelerates lipid accumulation by inhibiting peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

    Takatomo Arai, Yuki Kato, Kenji Ishimoto, Mai Kanai, Satoko Shinjo, Keimon Sayama, Tomohiro Suzuki, Takefumi Doi, Randall S Johnson, Makoto Suematsu, Nobuhito Goda

    Journal of hepatology    2015.02  [International journal]

     View Summary

    This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.

    DOI PubMed

  • Hypoxia and fatty liver

    Tomohiro Suzuki, Satoko Shinjo, Takatomo Arai, Mai Kanai, Nobuhito Goda

    WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY   20 ( 41 ) 15087 - 15097  2014.11  [Refereed]  [Invited]

    Authorship:Corresponding author

     View Summary

    The liver is a central organ that metabolizes excessive nutrients for storage in the form of glycogen and lipids and supplies energy-producing substrates to the peripheral tissues to maintain their function, even under starved conditions. These processes require a considerable amount of oxygen, which causes a steep oxygen gradient throughout the hepatic lobules. Alcohol consumption and/or excessive food intake can alter the hepatic metabolic balance drastically, which can precipitate fatty liver disease, a major cause of chronic liver diseases worldwide, ranging from simple steatosis, through steatohepatitis and hepatic fibrosis, to liver cirrhosis. Altered hepatic metabolism and tissue remodeling in fatty liver disease further disrupt hepatic oxygen homeostasis, resulting in severe liver hypoxia. As master regulators of adaptive responses to hypoxic stress, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) modulate various cellular and organ functions, including erythropoiesis, angiogenesis, metabolic demand, and cell survival, by activating their target genes during fetal development and also in many disease conditions such as cancer, heart failure, and diabetes. In the past decade, it has become clear that HIFs serve as key factors in the regulation of lipid metabolism and fatty liver formation. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms by which hypoxia and HIFs regulate lipid metabolism in the development and progression of fatty liver disease. (C) 2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

    DOI PubMed

  • ヒストンメチル化酵素によるマクロファージの炎症抑制機構の解明

    椎橋 卓哉, 蜂屋 瑠見, 菅波 孝祥, 白川 伊吹, 合田 亘人, 小川 佳宏

    肥満研究   20 ( Suppl. ) 179 - 179  2014.10

  • Transcription Profiles of the Ductus Arteriosus in Brown-Norway Rats With Irregular Elastic Fiber Formation

    Yi-Ting Hsieh, Norika Mengchia Liu, Eriko Ohmori, Tomohiro Yokota, Ichige Kajimura, Toru Akaike, Toshio Ohshima, Nobuhito Goda, Susumu Minamisawa

    CIRCULATION JOURNAL   78 ( 5 ) 1224 - U252  2014.05  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    Background: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is one of the most common congenital cardiovascular defects in children. The Brown-Norway (BN) inbred rat presents a higher frequency of PDA. A previous study reported that 2 different quantitative trait loci on chromosomes 8 and 9 were significantly linked to PDA in this strain. Nevertheless, the genetic or molecular mechanisms underlying PDA phenotypes in BN rats have not been fully investigated yet.
    Methods and Results: It was found that the elastic fibers were abundant in the subendothelial area but scarce in the media even in the closed ductus arteriosus (DA) of full-term BN neonates. DNA microarray analysis identified 52 upregulated genes (fold difference &gt;2.5) and 23 downregulated genes (fold difference &lt;0.4) when compared with those of F344 control neonates. Among these genes, 8 (Tbx20, Scn3b, Stac, Sphkap, Trpm8, Rup2, Slc37a2, and RGD1561216) are located in chromosomes 8 and 9. Interestingly, it was also suggested that the significant decrease in the expression levels of the PGE(2)-specfic receptor, EP4, plays a critical role in elastogenesis in the DA.
    Conclusions: BN rats exhibited dysregulation of elastogenesis in the DA. DNA microarray analysis identified the candidate genes including EP4 involved in the DNA phenotype. Further investigation of these newly identified genes will hopefully clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying the irregular formation of elastic fibers in PDA.

    DOI PubMed

  • ニワトリ動脈管において内膜クッションと弾性線維形成不全が明らかになった(Intimal Cushion and Elastic Fibers Degradation were shown Formation Were Less Prominent in the Chicken Ductus Arteriosus)

    Omori Eriko, Akaike Toru, Kajimura Ichige, Goda Nobuhito, Minamisawa Susumu

    The Journal of Physiological Sciences   64 ( Suppl.1 ) S183 - S183  2014.03

  • Application of nanosheets as an anti-adhesion barrier in partial hepatectomy

    Daisuke Niwa, Masatsugu Koide, Toshinori Fujie, Nobuhito Goda, Shinji Takeoka

    JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART B-APPLIED BIOMATERIALS   101 ( 7 ) 1251 - 1258  2013.10  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    Postoperative adhesion often causes serious adverse effects such as bowl obstruction, chronic abdominal pain, pelvic pain, and infertility. We previously reported that a poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) nanosheet can efficiently seal a surgical incision without scarring. In this report, we examined whether the PLLA nanosheet can form an effective anti-adhesion barrier in partial hepatectomy accompanied by severe hemorrhaging in rats. To evaluate the anti-adhesive property of the nanosheet, the liver wound surface was covered with TachoComb((R)), a well-known hemostat material used in clinical procedures, and then with the PLLA nanosheet. Dressing the wound surface with TachoComb((R)) alone caused severe adhesion with omentum and/or residual parts of the liver. By contrast, combinational usage of TachoComb((R)) and the PLLA nanosheet significantly reduced such adhesion, presumably by inhibiting the permeation of oozing blood cells and the infiltration of fibroblastic cells. Moreover, the nanosheet displayed low permeability against serum proteins as well as cells in vitro, supporting the notion that the PLLA nanosheet has anti-adhesive properties in vivo. These results strongly suggested that the PLLA nanosheet is a promising material for reducing unwanted postoperative adhesion. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 101B: 1251-1258, 2013.

    DOI PubMed J-GLOBAL

  • Metabolomic profiling analysis reveals chamber-dependent metabolite patterns in the mouse heart

    Daisuke Shimura, Gaku Nakai, Qibin Jiao, Kota Osanai, Kasumi Kashikura, Keiko Endo, Tomoyoshi Soga, Nobuhito Goda, Susumu Minamisawa

    AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY   305 ( 4 ) H494 - H505  2013.08  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    Energy of the cardiac muscle largely depends on fatty acid oxidation. It is known that the atrium and ventricle have chamber-specific functions, structures, gene expressions, and pathologies. The left ventricle works as a high-pressure chamber to pump blood toward the body, and its muscle wall is thicker than those of the other chambers, suggesting that energy utilization in each of the chambers should be different. However, a chamber-specific pattern of metabolism remains incompletely understood. Recently, innovative techniques have enabled the comprehensive analysis of metabolites. Therefore, we aimed to clarify differences in metabolic patterns among the chambers. Male C57BL6 mice at 6 wk old were subject to a comprehensive measurement of metabolites in the atria and ventricles by capillary electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. We found that overall metabolic profiles, including nucleotides and amino acids, were similar between the right and left ventricles. On the other hand, the atria exhibited a distinct metabolic pattern from those of the ventricles. Importantly, the high-energy phosphate pool (the total concentration of ATP, ADP, and AMP) was higher in both ventricles. In addition, the levels of lactate, acetyl CoA, and tricarboxylic acid cycle contents were higher in the ventricles. Accordingly, the activities and/or expression levels of key enzymes were higher in the ventricles to produce more energy. The present study provides a basis for understanding the chamber-specific metabolism underlining pathophysiology in the heart.

    DOI PubMed J-GLOBAL

  • Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 Is a Determinant of Lobular Structure and Oxygen Consumption in the Liver

    Kosuke Tsukada, Toshihide Tajima, Shutaro Hori, Tomomi Matsuura, Randall S. Johnson, Nobuhito Goda, Makoto Suematsu

    MICROCIRCULATION   20 ( 5 ) 385 - 393  2013.07  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    Objective Hypoxia-inducible factor is a hypoxia-responsive transcriptional factor that controls the expression of proteins contributing to homeostatic responses to hypoxia. Spatial heterogeneity of tissue oxygenation has been postulated as a determinant of structure and function of hepatic lobules, although its molecular mechanisms remain unknown. This study aimed to examine the role of HIF-1 expressed in hepatocytes in regulation of hepatic microcirculation.
    Methods We have generated mice harboring a floxed HIF-1 alpha allele, and employed the albumin-Cre transgenic line to inactivate the gene site-specifically in hepatocytes.
    Results Intravital observation of the hepatic microcirculation revealed extension of hepatic lobules in HIF-1 alpha-deficient mice. Measurement of microvascular diameter, velocity, and local oxygen tension by laser-assisted phosphorimetry showed that the oxygen consumption in the lobules of HIF-1 alpha-deficient mice was greater than that in those of control mice. Isolated hepatocytes from HIF-1 alpha-deficient mice also stimulated oxygen consumptions with increased contents of mtDNA. Overexpression of HIF-1 alpha decreased the expression of PGC-1 alpha mRNA, whereas the knockdown of the HIF-1 alpha gene increased it, suggesting that HIF-1 regulates cellular respiration through mitochondrial biogenesis.
    Conclusions Our results suggest that constitutive expression of HIF-1 alpha in hepatocytes acts as a determinant of hepatic lobular structure and oxygen consumption by changing mitochondrial contents.

    DOI PubMed J-GLOBAL

  • Adipose tissue hypoxia induces inflammatory M1 polarity of macrophages in an HIF-1α-dependent and HIF-1α-independent manner in obese mice

    S. Fujisaka, I. Usui, M. Ikutani, A. Aminuddin, A. Takikawa, K. Tsuneyama, A. Mahmood, N. Goda, Y. Nagai, K. Takatsu, K. Tobe

    Diabetologia   56 ( 6 ) 1403 - 1412  2013.06  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    Aims/hypothesis: As obesity progresses, adipose tissue exhibits a hypoxic and inflammatory phenotype characterised by the infiltration of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs). In this study, we examined how adipose tissue hypoxia is involved in the induction of the inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 polarities of ATMs. Methods: The hypoxic characteristics of ATMs were evaluated using flow cytometry after the injection of pimonidazole, a hypoxia probe, in normal-chow-fed or high-fat-fed mice. The expression of hypoxia-related and inflammation-related genes was then examined in M1/M2 ATMs and cultured macrophages. Results: Pimonidazole uptake was greater in M1 ATMs than in M2 ATMs. This uptake was paralleled by the levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. The expression level of hypoxia-related genes, as well as inflammation-related genes, was also higher in M1 ATMs than in M2 ATMs. The expression of Il6, Il1β and Nos2 in cultured macrophages was increased by exposure to hypoxia in vitro but was markedly decreased by the gene deletion of Hif1a. In contrast, the expression of Tnf, another inflammatory cytokine gene, was neither increased by exposure to hypoxia nor affected by Hif1a deficiency. These results suggest that hypoxia induces the inflammatory phenotypes of macrophages via Hif1a-dependent and -independent mechanisms. On the other hand, the expression of inflammatory genes in cultured M2 macrophages treated with IL-4 responded poorly to hypoxia. Conclusions/interpretation: Adipose tissue hypoxia induces an inflammatory phenotype via Hif1a-dependent and Hif1a-independent mechanisms in M1 ATMs but not in M2 ATMs. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

    DOI PubMed

  • Adipose Tissue Hypoxia Induces Inflammatory M1 Polarity of Macrophages in HIF-1 alpha-Dependent and HIF-1 alpha-Independent Manners in Obese Mice

    Fujisaka Shiho, Usui Isao, Ikutani Masashi, Aminuddin Aminuddin, Takikawa Akiko, Tsuneyama Koichi, Mahmood Arshad, Goda Nobuhito, Nagai Yoshinori, Takatsu Kiyoshi, Tobe Kazuyuki

    Diabetologia   56   1403 - 1412  2013.06  [Refereed]

    DOI

  • Regulation of Glycolysis by Pdk Functions as a Metabolic Checkpoint for Cell Cycle Quiescence in Hematopoietic Stem Cells

    Keiyo Takubo, Go Nagamatsu, Chiharu I. Kobayashi, Ayako Nakamura-Ishizu, Hiroshi Kobayashi, Eiji Ikeda, Nobuhito Goda, Yasmeen Rahimi, Randall S. Johnson, Tomoyoshi Soga, Atsushi Hirao, Makoto Suematsu, Toshio Suda

    CELL STEM CELL   12 ( 1 ) 49 - 61  2013.01  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    Defining the metabolic programs that underlie stem cell maintenance will be essential for developing strategies to manipulate stem cell capacity. Mammalian hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintain cell cycle quiescence in a hypoxic microenvironrnent. It has been proposed that HSCs exhibit a distinct metabolic phenotype under these conditions. Here we directly investigated this idea using metabolomic analysis and found that HSCs generate adenosine-5'-triphosphate by anaerobic glycolysis through a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (Pdk)-dependent mechanism. Elevated Pdk expression leads to active suppression of the influx of glycolytic metabolites into mitochondria. Pdk overexpression in glycolysis-defective HSCs restored glycolysis, cell cycle quiescence, and stem cell capacity, while loss of both Pdk2 and Pdk4 attenuated HSC quiescence, glycolysis, and transplantation capacity. Moreover, treatment of HSCs with a Pdk mimetic promoted their survival and transplantation capacity. Thus, glycolytic metabolic status governed by Pdk acts as a cell cycle checkpoint that modulates HSC quiescence and function.

    DOI PubMed J-GLOBAL

  • Heterofunctional nanosheet controlling cell adhesion properties by collagen coating

    Daisuke Niwa, Toshinori Fujie, Thorsten Lang, Nobuhito Goda, Shinji Takeoka

    JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS APPLICATIONS   27 ( 2 ) 131 - 141  2012.08  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    Recently, biomaterials have been widely used in a variety of medical applications. We previously reported that a poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) nanosheet shows anti-adhesive properties and constitutes a useful biomaterial for preventing unwanted wound adhesion in surgical operations. In this article, we examine whether the PLLA nanosheet can be specifically modified with biomacromolecules on one surface only. Such an approach would endow each side of the nanosheet with discrete functions, that is anti-adhesive and pro-healing properties. We fabricated two distinct PLLA nanosheets: (i) collagen cast on the surface of a PLLA nanosheet (Col-Cast-PLLA) and (ii) collagen spin-coated on the nanosheet (Col-Spin-PLLA). In the Col-Spin-PLLA nanosheet, the collagen layer had a thickness of 5-10 nm on the PLLA surface and displayed increased hydrophilicity compared to both PLLA and Col-Cast-PLLA nanosheets. In addition, atomic force microscopy showed disorganized collagen fibril formation on the PLLA layer when covered using the spin-coating method, while apparent bundle formations of collagen were formed in the Col-Cast-PLLA nanosheet. The Col-Spin-PLLA nanosheet provided a microenvironment for cells to adhere and spread. By contrast, the Col-Cast-PLLA nanosheet displayed reduced cell adhesion compared to the Col-Spin-PLLA nanosheet. Consistent with these findings, immunocytochemical analysis clearly showed fine networks of actin filaments in cells cultured on the Col-Spin-PLLA, but not the Col-Cast-PLLA nanosheet. Therefore, the Col-Spin-PLLA nanosheet was shown to be more suitable for acting as a scaffold. In conclusion, we have succeeded in developing a heterofunctional nanosheet comprising a collagen modified side, which has the ability to rapidly adhere cells, and an unmodified side, which acts as an adhesion barrier, by using a spin-coating technique.

    DOI PubMed J-GLOBAL

  • HIF-1 in T cells ameliorated dextran sodium sulfate-induced murine colitis

    Masaaki Higashiyama, Ryota Hokari, Hideaki Hozumi, Chie Kurihara, Toshihide Ueda, Chikako Watanabe, Kengo Tomita, Mitsuyasu Nakamura, Shunsuke Komoto, Yoshikiyo Okada, Atsushi Kawaguchi, Shigeaki Nagao, Makoto Suematsu, Nobuhito Goda, Soichiro Miura

    JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY   91 ( 6 ) 901 - 909  2012.06  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    HIF-1 is active in hypoxia, such as inflamed mucosa, and HIF-1 in epithelium has been reported to control inflamed mucosa in IBD models. Although T cells play an important role for pathogenesis of IBD, the function of HIF-1 in T cells remains to be elucidated. We aimed to clarify the function of HIF-1 in T cells in IBD with focus on the balance between Treg and Teff. Double immunohistochemistry of colonic mucosa in IBD patients showed that HIF-1 was expressed in T cells infiltrating the inflamed mucosa, suggesting that HIF-1 in T cells is involved in the pathogenesis. DSS administration to T cell-specific HIF-1 alpha KO mice showed more severe colonic inflammation than control mice with the up-regulation of Th1 and Th17. Hypoxic stimulation in vitro increased Treg activation in WT T cells but not in HIF-1-deleted T cells. In contrast, hypoxic stimulation increased Th17 activation, and the degree was higher in HIF-1-deleted cells than in control cells. These results show that hypoxia controls intestinal inflammation by regulating cytokine balance in a HIF-1-dependent manner, suggesting that strengthening HIF-1 induction in T cells at the sites of inflammation might be a therapeutic strategy for IBD regulation. J. Leukoc. Biol. 91: 901-909; 2012.

    DOI PubMed J-GLOBAL

  • Hypoxia-inducible factors and their roles in energy metabolism

    Nobuhito Goda, Mai Kanai

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY   95 ( 5 ) 457 - 463  2012.05  [Refereed]  [Invited]

    Authorship:Lead author, Corresponding author

     View Summary

    Over the course of evolution, aerobic organisms have developed sophisticated systems for responding to alterations in oxygen concentration, as oxygen acts as a final electron acceptor in oxidative phosphorylation for energy production. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) plays a central role in the adaptive regulation of energy metabolism, by triggering a switch from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to anaerobic glycolysis in hypoxic conditions. HIF also reduces oxygen consumption in mitochondria by inhibiting conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA, suppressing mitochondrial biogenesis and activating autophagy of mitochondria concomitantly with reduction in reactive oxygen species production. In addition, metabolic reprogramming in response to hypoxia through HIF activation is not limited to the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism; it occurs in lipid metabolism as well. Recent studies using in vivo gene-targeting technique have revealed unexpected, but novel functions of HIF in energy metabolism in a context- and cell type-specific manner, and shed light on the possibility of pharmaceutical targeting HIF as a new therapy against many diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and fatty liver.

    DOI PubMed J-GLOBAL

  • Guest editorial: hypoxia biology in health and disease

    Nobuhito Goda

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY   95 ( 5 ) 455 - 456  2012.05  [Refereed]  [Invited]

    Authorship:Corresponding author

    DOI PubMed J-GLOBAL

  • A role for endothelial cells in promoting the maturation of astrocytes through the apelin/APJ system in mice

    Susumu Sakimoto, Hiroyasu Kidoya, Hisamichi Naito, Motohiro Kamei, Hirokazu Sakaguchi, Nobuhito Goda, Akiyoshi Fukamizu, Kohji Nishida, Nobuyuki Takakura

    DEVELOPMENT   139 ( 7 ) 1327 - 1335  2012.04  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    Interactions between astrocytes and endothelial cells (ECs) are crucial for retinal vascular formation. Astrocytes induce migration and proliferation of ECs via their production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and, conversely, ECs induce maturation of astrocytes possibly by the secretion of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). Together with the maturation of astrocytes, this finalizes angiogenesis. Thus far, the mechanisms triggering LIF production in ECs are unclear. Here we show that apelin, a ligand for the endothelial receptor APJ, induces maturation of astrocytes mediated by the production of LIF from ECs. APJ (Aplnr)-and Apln-deficient mice show delayed angiogenesis; however, aberrant overgrowth of endothelial networks with immature astrocyte overgrowth was induced. When ECs were stimulated with apelin, LIF expression was upregulated and intraocular injection of LIF into APJ-deficient mice suppressed EC and astrocyte overgrowth. These data suggest an involvement of apelin/APJ in the maturation process of retinal angiogenesis.

    DOI PubMed J-GLOBAL

  • Dynamic regulation of T(h)17 differentiation by oxygen concentrations

    Ai Ikejiri, Shigenori Nagai, Nobuhito Goda, Yutaka Kurebayashi, Mayuko Osada-Oka, Keiyo Takubo, Toshio Suda, Shigeo Koyasu

    INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY   24 ( 3 ) 137 - 146  2012.03  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    Naive CD4(+) T cells are activated by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and differentiate into distinct types of helper T (T-h) cells in the lymph node or spleen. Oxygen (O-2) tension is generally low in these secondary lymphoid tissues compared with the bloodstream or atmosphere. However, the effect of changes in O-2 concentration on the differentiation of T-h cells remains unclear. Here, we established a novel model of T-h-cell differentiation, which mimics physiological O-2 conditions. We primed naive CD4(+) T cells under 5% O-2, which has been observed in the lymph node or spleen and reoxygenated under normoxia that mimicked the O-2 concentration in blood. In this model, the differentiation of T(h)17 cells, but not T(h)1 or iTreg cells, was enhanced. Under the condition of 5% O-2, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) was activated and led to the stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) in T(h)17 cells. The activation of mTORC1 and the acceleration of T(h)17-cell differentiation, which occurred when cells were primed under 5% O-2, were not observed in the absence of HIF-1 alpha but were accelerated in the absence of von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein (vHL), a factor critical for HIF-1 alpha degradation. Thus, a positive feedback loop between HIF-1 alpha and mTORC1 induced by hypoxia followed by reoxygenation accelerates T(h)17-cell differentiation.

    DOI PubMed J-GLOBAL

  • The formation of an angiogenic astrocyte template is regulated by the neuroretina in a HIF-1-dependent manner

    Ayako Nakamura-Ishizu, Toshihide Kurihara, Yuji Okuno, Yoko Ozawa, Kazuo Kishi, Nobuhito Goda, Kazuo Tsubota, Hideyuki Okano, Toshio Suda, Yoshiaki Kubota

    DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY   363 ( 1 ) 106 - 114  2012.03  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    The vascular and nervous systems display a high degree of cross-talk and depend on each other functionally. In the vascularization of the central nervous system, astrocytes have been thought to sense tissue oxygen levels in hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs)-dependent manner and control the vascular growth into the hypoxic area by secreting VEGF. However, recent genetic evidences demonstrate that not only astrocyte HIFs but also astrocyte VEGF expression is dispensable for developmental angiogenesis of the retina. This study demonstrates that hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit (HIF-1 alpha), a key transcription factor involved in cellular responses to hypoxia, is most abundantly expressed in the neuroretina, especially retinal progenitor cells (RPCs). A neuroretina-specific knockout of HIF-1 alpha (alpha Cre(+)Hif1 alpha(flox/flox)) showed impaired vascular development characterized by decreased tip cell filopodia and reduced vessel branching. The astrocyte network was hypoplastic in alpha Cre(+)Hif1 alpha(flox/flox) mice. Mechanistically, platelet-derived growth factor A (PDGF-A), a mitogen for astrocytes, was downregulated in the neuroretina of alpha Cre(+)Hif1 alpha(flox/flox) mice. Supplementing PDGF-A restored reduced astrocytic and vascular density in alpha Cre(+)Hif1 alpha(flox/flox) mice. Our data demonstrates that the neuroretina but not astrocytes acts as a primary oxygen sensor which ultimately controls the retinal vascular development by regulating an angiogenic astrocyte template. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

    DOI PubMed J-GLOBAL

  • HIF-1 alpha induction suppresses excessive lipid accumulation in alcoholic fatty liver in mice

    Yasumasa Nishiyama, Nobuhito Goda, Mai Kanai, Daisuke Niwa, Kota Osanai, Yu Yamamoto, Nanami Senoo-Matsuda, Randall S. Johnson, Soichiro Miura, Yasuaki Kabe, Makoto Suematsu

    JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY   56 ( 2 ) 441 - 447  2012.02  [Refereed]

    Authorship:Corresponding author

     View Summary

    Background & Aims: Chronic alcohol intake stimulates hepatic oxygen consumption and subsequently causes liver hypoxia, leading to activation of hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). Although HIF-1 plays a crucial role in the metabolic switch from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism in response to hypoxia, its roles in the regulation of lipid metabolism in alcoholic fatty liver remain unknown.
    Methods: Wild-type and hepatocyte-specific HIF-1 alpha-null mice were subjected to a 6% ethanol-containing liquid diet for 4 weeks, and functional effects of loss of the HIF-1 alpha gene on lipid metabolism were examined in the liver.
    Results: Hepatocyte-specific HIF-1 alpha-null mice developed severe hypertriglyceridernia with enhanced accumulation of lipids in the liver of mice exposed to a 6% ethanol-containing liquid diet for 4 weeks. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) and its downstream target acetyl-CoA carboxylase were greatly activated as the hepatic steatosis progressed, and these alterations were inversely correlated with the expression of the HIF-1-regulated gene DEC1. Overexpression of DEC1 in the mutant liver abrogated the detrimental effects of loss of HIF-1 alpha gene on ethanol-induced fatty liver with reduced SREBP-1c expression. Conversely, co-administration of the HIF hydroxylase inhibitor dimethyloxalylglycine for the last 2 weeks improved markedly the ethanol-induced fatty liver in mice.
    Conclusions: The current results provide direct evidence for protective roles of HIF-1 induction in the development of ethanol-induced fatty liver via activation of the HIF-1-regulated transcriptional repressor DEC1. (C) 2011 European Association for the Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

    DOI PubMed J-GLOBAL

  • HIF-mediated regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms in the liver

    Nobuhito Goda

    Seikagaku   84 ( 11 ) 942 - 947  2012  [Refereed]  [Invited]

    PubMed

  • Disruption of HIF-1 alpha in hepatocytes impairs glucose metabolism in diet-induced obesity mice

    Daigo Ochiai, Nobuhito Goda, Takako Hishiki, Mai Kanai, Nanami Senoo-Matsuda, Tomoyoshi Soga, Randall S. Johnson, Yasunori Yoshimura, Makoto Suematsu

    BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS   415 ( 3 ) 445 - 449  2011.11  [Refereed]

    Authorship:Corresponding author

     View Summary

    The liver plays a central role in glucose homeostasis in the whole-body by responding to environmental factors including nutrients, hormones, and oxygen. In conditions of metabolic overload such as diabetes mellitus and obesity, coordinated regulation between oxygen supply and consumption has been reported to be disrupted and subsequently cause tissue hypoxia, although pathological significance of the disease-related hypoxia remains elusive. To investigate the role of tissue hypoxia in the liver on systemic glucose homeostasis, mice lacking HIF-1 alpha gene, a critical component of a master regulator of hypoxic response, in hepatocytes were exposed to high fat/sucrose diet (HFSD). Exposure to HFSD for 5 weeks elicited liver hypoxia with a transient increase in HIF-1 alpha protein expression in the liver of control mice. Glucose disposal was marginally impaired in control mice when challenged oral glucose tolerance test, but such impairment was enhanced in the mutant mice. This alteration was accompanied by a complete inhibition of glucokinase induction with a significant reduction of hepatic glucose uptake. Mice fed HFSD for 20 weeks exhibited fasting hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance, whereas these metabolic phenotypes deteriorated considerably with severe insulin resistance in skeletal muscles and adipose tissues in the mutant mice. These findings suggest that HIF-1 in hepatocytes plays protective roles against the progression of diabetes mellitus. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

    DOI PubMed J-GLOBAL

  • アルコール性脂肪肝における低酸素応答性転写制御因子HIF-1の機能解析

    合田 亘人, 西山 靖将, 末松 誠

    アルコールと医学生物学   30   7 - 10  2011.04

     View Summary

    肝細胞特異的低酸素誘導因子-1(HIF-1)α遺伝子欠損(HIFKO)マウスを作成することで、アルコール性脂肪肝の病態形成とその進展における低酸素の生物学的意義を検討した。低酸素応答転写制御因子HIF-1がエタノール性脂肪肝形成に対する抑制因子として機能した。また、このHIF-1による肝臓内脂質蓄積抑制メカニズムに、HIF-1を介した新規脂肪酸および中性脂肪の合成経路の抑制が関与している可能性が示唆された。エタノール投与による中心静脈領域の肝実質細胞におけるHIF-1αタンパク質発現増強は、アルコール摂取により肝臓の中心静脈領域が低酸素に陥っていることを示唆した。HIFKOマウスにおけるエタノール誘導性脂肪蓄積増悪現象は、HIF-1が肝臓における脂肪蓄積に対して抑制的に作用した。

  • T細胞特異的HIF-1欠損による消化管免疫の変化

    東山 正明, 穂苅 量太, 八月朔日 秀明, 上田 俊秀, 栗原 千枝, 冨田 謙吾, 中村 光康, 岡田 義清, 川口 淳, 永尾 重昭, 三浦 総一郎, 合田 亘人

    消化器と免疫   ( 47 ) 58 - 61  2011.03

     View Summary

    Hypoxia-inducible factor(HIF)-1は低酸素状態で発現する転写因子で、腸粘膜上皮のHIF-1は炎症性腸疾患(IBD)で保護的に作用する。しかしIBDの病態に関与するT細胞、特に制御性T細胞(Treg)とIL-17産生性ヘルパーT細胞(Th17)が如何にHIF-1と関与するかは明らかでない。本検討では、IBD患者の炎症部位においてT細胞内のHIF-1が誘導されていることが確認でき、またT細胞特異的HIF-1ノックアウトマウスのDSS腸炎モデルでは、littermateに比べ体重、組織学的スコア共に悪化し、Th17に関するサイトカインが有意に上昇したことから、T細胞のHIF-1はIBDで保護的な役割を果たすことが示唆された。(著者抄録)

  • HIF-1を介するDEC1誘導は、エタノールに慢性曝露したマウスの肝臓への脂質過剰蓄積を抑制する(HlF-1-mediated DEC1 induction inhibits excessive lipid accumulation in liver of mice chronically exposed to ethanol)

    合田 亘人, 西山 靖将, 末松 誠

    日本生化学会大会・日本分子生物学会年会合同大会講演要旨集   83回・33回   3P - 1108  2010.12

  • Regulation of the HIF-1 alpha Level Is Essential for Hematopoietic Stem Cells

    Keiyo Takubo, Nobuhito Goda, Wakako Yamada, Hirono Iriuchishima, Eiji Ikeda, Yoshiaki Kubota, Haruko Shima, Randall S. Johnson, Atsushi Hirao, Makoto Suematsu, Toshio Suda

    CELL STEM CELL   7 ( 3 ) 391 - 402  2010.09  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are sustained in a specific microenvironment known as the stem cell niche. Mammalian HSCs are kept quiescent in the endosteal niche, a hypoxic zone of the bone marrow (BM). In this study, we show that normal HSCs maintain intracellular hypoxia and stabilize hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) protein. In HIF-1 alpha-deficient mice, the HSCs lost their cell cycle quiescence and HSC numbers decreased during various stress settings including bone marrow transplantation, myelosuppression, or aging, in a p16(Ink4a)/p19(Arf)-dependent manner. Overstabilization of HIF-1 alpha by biallelic loss of an E3 ubiquitin ligase for HIF-1 alpha (VHL) induced cell cycle quiescence in HSCs and their progenitors but resulted in an impairment in transplantation capacity. In contrast, monoallelic loss of VHL induced cell cycle quiescence and improved BM engraftment during bone marrow transplantation. These data indicate that HSCs maintain cell cycle quiescence through the precise regulation of HIF-1 alpha levels.

    DOI PubMed

  • von Hippel-Lindau protein regulates transition from the fetal to the adult circulatory system in retina

    Toshihide Kurihara, Yoshiaki Kubota, Yoko Ozawa, Keiyo Takubo, Kousuke Noda, M. Celeste Simon, Randall S. Johnson, Makoto Suematsu, Kazuo Tsubota, Susumu Ishida, Nobuhito Goda, Toshio Suda, Hideyuki Okano

    DEVELOPMENT   137 ( 9 ) 1563 - 1571  2010.05  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    In early neonates, the fetal circulatory system undergoes dramatic transition to the adult circulatory system. Normally, embryonic connecting vessels, such as the ductus arteriosus and the foramen ovale, close and regress. In the neonatal retina, hyaloid vessels maintaining blood flow in the embryonic retina regress, and retinal vessels take over to form the adult-type circulatory system. This process is regulated by a programmed cell death switch mediated by macrophages via Wnt and angiopoietin 2 pathways. In this study, we seek other mechanisms that regulate this process, and focus on the dramatic change in oxygen environment at the point of birth. The von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein (pVHL) is a substrate recognition component of an E3-ubiquitin ligase that rapidly destabilizes hypoxia-inducible factor alpha s (HIF-alpha s) under normoxic, but not hypoxic, conditions. To examine the role of oxygen-sensing mechanisms in retinal circulatory system transition, we generated retina-specific conditional-knockout mice for VHL (Vhl(alpha-CreKO) mice). These mice exhibit arrested transition from the fetal to the adult circulatory system, persistence of hyaloid vessels and poorly formed retinal vessels. These defects are suppressed by intraocular injection of FLT1-Fc protein [a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor-1 (FLT1)/Fc chimeric protein that can bind VEGF and inhibit its activity], or by inactivating the HIF-1 alpha gene. Our results suggest that not only macrophages but also tissue oxygen-sensing mechanisms regulate the transition from the fetal to the adult circulatory system in the retina.

    DOI PubMed

  • Fenofibrate, a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor alpha Agonist, Improves Hepatic Microcirculatory Patency and Oxygen Availability in a High-Fat-Diet-Induced Fatty Liver in Mice

    Kazunari Kondo, Tadao Sugioka, Kosuke Tsukada, Michiyoshi Aizawa, Masayuki Takizawa, Kenji Shimizu, Masaya Morimoto, Makoto Suematsu, Nobuhito Goda

    OXYGEN TRANSPORT TO TISSUE XXXI   662   77 - 82  2010  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common disease of chronic liver diseases. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) has been implicated to play important roles in the development of the disease. Beyond its effects on lipid metabolisms, PPAR alpha activation in the vascular system has emerged as an attractive therapeutic potential for NAFLD, although its actions in the microcirculatory system are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of fenofibrate, a PPAR alpha synthetic agonist, on hepatic microcirculation in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced fatty liver in mice. In vivo imaging analysis revealed the adverse effects of HFD on hepatic vasculature with narrowing of hepatic sinusoids and hepatic microcirculatory perfusion. Oxygen tension was significantly decreased in portal venules, while NADH autofluorescence in hepatocytes was greatly elevated. Fenofibrate treatment remarkably improved microvascular patency, tissue oxygenation and redox states in the affected liver. These results suggest beneficial roles of PPAR alpha activated by fenofibrate on the regulation of both lipid metabolisms and microvascular environments of oxygen metabolism in HFD-induced fatty liver.

    DOI PubMed

  • HIF-1 alpha is necessary to support gluconeogenesis during liver regeneration

    Toshihide Tajima, Nobuhito Goda, Natsuko Fujiki, Takako Hishiki, Yasumasa Nishiyama, Nanami Senoo-Matsuda, Motohide Shimazu, Tomoyoshi Soga, Yasunori Yoshimura, Randall S. Johnson, Makoto Suematsu

    BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS   387 ( 4 ) 789 - 794  2009.10  [Refereed]

    Authorship:Corresponding author

     View Summary

    Coordinated recovery of hepatic glucose metabolism is prerequisite for normal liver regeneration. To examine roles of hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) for hepatic glucose homeostasis during the reparative process, we inactivated the gene in hepatocytes in vivo. Following partial hepatectomy (PH), recovery of residual liver weight was initially retarded in the mutant mice by down-regulation of hepatocyte proliferation, but occurred comparably between the mutant and control mice at 72 h after PH. At this time point, the mutant mice showed lowered blood glucose levels with enhanced accumulation of glycogen in the liver. The mutant mice exhibited impairment of hepatic gluconeogenesis as assessed by alanine tolerance test. This appeared to result from reduced expression of PGK-1 and PEPCK since 3-PG, PEP and malate were accumulated to greater extents in the regenerated liver. In conclusion, these findings provide evidence for roles of HIF-1 alpha in the regulation of gluconeogenesis under liver regeneration. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

    DOI PubMed

  • エタノール誘導性脂肪肝形成におけるHIF-1αの役割について

    西山 靖将, 末松 誠, 合田 亘人

    日本生化学会大会プログラム・講演要旨集   82回   3P - 758  2009.09

  • Cystathionine beta-Synthase as a Carbon Monoxide-Sensitive Regulator of Bile Excretion

    Tsunehiro Shintani, Takuya Iwabuchi, Tomoyoshi Soga, Yuichiro Kato, Takehiro Yamamoto, Naoharu Takano, Takako Hishiki, Yuki Ueno, Satsuki Ikeda, Tadayuki Sakuragawa, Kazuo Ishikawa, Nobuhito Goda, Yuko Kitagawa, Mayumi Kajjimura, Kenji Matsumoto, Makoto Suematsu

    HEPATOLOGY   49 ( 1 ) 141 - 150  2009.01  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    Carbon monoxide (CO) is a stress-inducible gas generated by heme oxygenase (HO) eliciting adaptive responses against toxicants; however, mechanisms for its reception remain unknown. Serendipitous observation in metabolome analysis in CO-overproducing livers suggested roles of cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) that rate-limits transsulfuration pathway and H2S generation, for the gas-responsive receptor. Studies using recombinant CBS indicated that CO binds to the prosthetic heme, stabilizing 6-coordinated CO-Fe(II)-histidine complex to block the activity, whereas nitric oxide (NO) forms 5-coordinated structure without inhibiting it. The CO-overproducing livers down-regulated H2S to stimulate HCO3--dependent choleresis: these responses were attenuated by blocking HO or by donating H2S. Livers of heterozygous CBS knockout mice neither down-regulated H2S nor exhibited the choleresis while overproducing CO. In the mouse model of estradiol-induced cholestasis, CO overproduction by inducing HO-1 significantly improved the bile output through stimulating HCO3- excretion; such a choleretic response did not occur in the knockout mice. Conclusion: Results collected from metabolome analyses suggested that CBS serves as a CO-sensitive modulator of H2S to support biliary excretion, shedding light on a putative role of the enzyme for stress-elicited adaptive response against bile-dependent detoxification processes. (HEPATOLOGY 2009;49:141-150.)

    DOI PubMed

  • メタボロミクスが解き明かす生命のシステム 低酸素感受性転写因子HIF-1肝細胞特異的ノックアウトマウスにおける肝再生時の系統的代謝異常解析(HlF-1 is necessary for coordinated control of gluconeogenesis during liver regeneration)

    末松 誠, 田島 敏秀, ジョンソン・ランダル, 合田 亘人

    日本生化学会大会・日本分子生物学会年会合同大会講演要旨集   81回・31回   3S2 - 3  2008.11

  • HIF-1 is not a critical determinant for metabolic zonation in liver acinus

    Goda Nobuhito, Ochiai Daigo, Fujiki Natsuko, Johnson Randall S, Suematsu Makoto

    FASEB JOURNAL   22  2008.04  [Refereed]

  • Erythrocytes with T-state-stabilized hemoglobin as a therapeutic tool for postischemic liver dysfunction

    Kazuhiro Suganuma, Kosuke Tsukada, Misato Kashiba, Antonio Tsuneshige, Toshiharu Furukawa, Tetsuro Kubota, Nobuhito Goda, Masaki Kitajima, Takashi Yonetani, Makoto Suematsu

    ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING   8 ( 9-10 ) 1847 - 1855  2006.09  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    This study aimed to examine if T-state stabilization of hemoglobin in erythrocytes could protect against postischemic organ injury. Human erythrocytes containing three different states of Hb allostery were prepared: control Hb (hRBC), CO-Hb that is stabilized under R-state with the 6-coodinated prosthetic heme (CO-hRBC), and alpha-NO-deoxyHb stabilized under T-state (alpha-NO-hRBC). To prepare alpha-NO-RBC, deoxygenated RBC was treated with FK409, a thiol-free NO donor, at its half molar concentration to that of Hb; this procedure resulted in the 5-coordinated NO binding on the alpha-subunit heme, as judged by electron spin resonance spectrometry. Rats were subject to 20 min systemic hemorrhage to maintain mean arterial pressure at 40 mm Hg, and reperfused with one of hRBCs. This protocol for ischemia, followed by 60 min reperfusion with physiological saline, caused modest metabolic acidosis and cholestasis. Administration of hRBC or CO-hRBC significantly attenuated cholestasis and improved acidosis. Rats treated with alpha-NO-hRBC exhibited greater recovery of metabolic acidosis and bile excretion than those treated with hRBC or CO-hRBC, displaying the best outcome of local oxygen utilization in hepatic lobules. Half-life time of alpha-NO-RBC administered in vivo was approximately 60 min. These results suggest that T-state Hb stabilization by NO serves as a stratagem to treat postischemic organ dysfunction.

    DOI PubMed

  • Carbon monoxide from heme oxygenase-2 is a tonic regulator against NO-dependent vasodilatation in the adult rat cerebral microcirculation

    M Ishikawa, M Kajimura, T Adachi, K Maruyama, N Makino, N Goda, T Yamaguchi, E Sekizuka, M Suematsu

    CIRCULATION RESEARCH   97 ( 12 ) E104 - E114  2005.12  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    Although the brain generates NO and carbon monoxide ( CO), it is unknown how these gases and their enzyme systems interact with each other to regulate cerebrovascular function. We examined whether CO produced by heme oxygenase (HO) modulates generation and action of constitutive NO in the rat pial microcirculation. Immunohistochemical analyses indicated that HO-2 occurred in neurons and arachnoid trabecular cells, where NO synthase 1 (NOS1) was detectable, and also in vascular endothelium-expressing NOS3, suggesting colocalization of CO- and NO-generating sites. Intravital microscopy using a closed cranial window preparation revealed that blockade of the HO activity by zinc protoporphyrin IX significantly dilates arterioles. This vasodilatation depended on local NOS activities and was abolished by CO supplementation, suggesting that the gas derived from HO-2 tonically regulates NO-mediated vasodilatory response. Bioimaging of NO by laser-confocal microfluorography of diaminofluorescein indicated detectable amounts of NO at the microvascular wall, the subdural mesothelial cells, and arachnoid trabecular cells, which express NOS in and around the pial microvasculature. On CO inhibition by the HO inhibitor, regional NO formation was augmented in these cells. Such a pattern of accelerated NO formation depended on NOS activities and was again attenuated by the local CO supplementation. Studies using cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells suggested that the inhibitory action of CO on NOS could result from the photo-reversible gas binding to the prosthetic heme. Collectively, CO derived from HO-2 appears to serve as a tonic vasoregulator antagonizing NO-mediated vasodilatation in the rat cerebral microcirculation.

    DOI

  • Carbon monoxide as a guardian against hepatobiliary dysfunction

    M Suematsu, K Tsukada, T Tajima, T Yamamoto, D Ochiai, H Watanabe, Y Yoshimura, N Goda

    ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH   29 ( 11 ) 134S - 139S  2005.11  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    Carbon monoxide (CO) generated through the reaction of heme oxygenase (HO) has attracted great interest in regulation of hepatobiliary homeostasis. The gas generated by HO-2 in the hepatic parenchyma can modestly activate soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) expressed in hepatic stellate cells in a paracrine manner and thereby constitutively relax sinusoids. Kupffer cells express HO-1, the inducible isozyme, even under normal unstimulated conditions and constitutes approximately 30% of the total HO activity in this organ. Upon exposure to a variety of stressors such as cytokines, endotoxin, hypoxia and oxidative stress, the liver induces HO-1 and overproduces CO. The stress-inducible CO has been shown to guarantee ample blood supply during detoxification of heme and thus to play a protective role in the liver. However, molecular mechanisms by which CO serves as a protectant for hepatocytes, the cells expressing little sGC, remain to be solved. Previous observation suggested that CO modulates intracellular calcium mobilization through inhibiting cytochrome P-450 activities and thereby maintain stroke volume of bile canalicular contraction in cultured hepatocytes. CO also stimulates mrp2-dependent excretion of bilirubin-IX alpha and helps heme catabolism. Although a direct molecular target responsible for the latter event remains unknown, such properties of CO could support xenobiotic metabolism through its actions on sinusoidal hemodynamics and hepatobiliary systems.

    DOI

  • Cadmium exposure alters metabolomics of sulfur-containing amino acids in rat testes

    Y Sugiura, M Kashiba, K Maruyama, K Hoshikawa, R Sasaki, K Saito, H Kimura, N Goda, M Suematsu

    ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING   7 ( 5-6 ) 781 - 787  2005.05  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    This study aimed to examine distribution of cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE), the hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-generating enzymes, and metabolomic alterations in sulfur-containing amino acids in rat testes exposed to stressors. Immunohistochemistry revealed distinct distribution of the two enzymes: CBS occurred mainly in Leydig cells and was also detectable in Sertoli cells and germ cells, whereas CSE was evident in Sertoli cells and immature germ cells involving spermatogonia. The amounts of CSE and CBS in testes did not alter in response to administration of cadmium chloride, an antispermatogenic stressor leading to apoptosis. Metabolome analyses assisted by liquid chromatography equipped with mass spectrometry revealed marked alterations in sulfur-containing amino acid metabolism: amounts of methionine and cysteine were significantly elevated concurrently with a decrease in the ratio between S-adenosylhomocysteine and S-adenosylmethionine, suggesting expansion of the remethylation cycle and acceleration of methyl donation. Despite a marked increase in cysteine, amounts of H,S were unchanged, leading to a remarkable decline of the H2S/cysteine ratio in the cadmium-treated rats. Under such circumstances, oxidized glutathione (GSSG) was significantly reduced, whereas reduced glutathione (GSH) was well maintained, and the GSH/GSSG ratio was consequently elevated. These results collectively showed that cadmium induces metabolomic remodeling of sulfur-containing amino acids even when the protein expression of CBS or CSE is not evident. Although detailed mechanisms for such a remodeling event remain unknown, our study suggests that metabolomic analyses serve as a powerful tool to pinpoint a critical enzymatic reaction that regulates metabolic systems as a whole.

    DOI PubMed

  • Hydrogen sulfide as an endogenous modulator of biliary bicarbonate excretion in the rat liver

    K Fujii, T Sakuragawa, M Kashiba, Y Sugiura, M Kondo, K Maruyama, N Goda, Y Nimura, M Suematsu

    ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING   7 ( 5-6 ) 788 - 794  2005.05  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    Cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE) is an enzyme catalyzing cystathionine and cysteine to yield cysteine and hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), respectively. This study aimed to examine if H,S generated from the enzyme could serve as an endogenous regulator of hepatobiliary function. Gas chromatographic analyses indicated that, among rat organs herein examined, liver constituted one of the greatest components of H,S generation in the body, at 100 mu mol/g of tissue, comparable to that in kidney and 1.5-fold greater than that in brain, where roles of the gas in the regulation of neurotransmission were reported previously. At least half of the gas amount in the liver appeared to be derived from CSE, because blockade of the enzyme by propargylglycine suppressed it by 50%. Immunohistochemistry revealed that CSE occurs not only in hepatocytes, but also in bile duct. In livers in vivo, as well as in those perfused ex vivo, treatment with the CSE inhibitor induced choleresis by stimulating the basal excretion of bicarbonate in bile samples. Transportal supplementation of NaHS at 30 mu mol/L, but not that of N-acetylcysteine as a cysteine donor, abolished these changes elicited by the CSE inhibitor in the perfused liver. The changes elicited by the CSE blockade did not coincide with alterations in hepatic vascular resistance, showing little involvement of vasodilatory effects of the gas in these events, if any. These results first provided evidence that H,S generated through CSE modulates biliary bicarbonate excretion and is thus a determinant of bile salt-independent bile formation in the rat liver.

    DOI

  • 臓器と血管 最近のトピックス ガスメディエーターによる肝臓・門脈循環の制御

    末松 誠, 合田 亘人

    血管医学   4 ( 5 ) 533 - 537  2003.10

     View Summary

    肝臓は最大のヘム解毒臓器であり,ヘムオキシゲナーゼの介したヘム分解プロセスで生じるCOは類洞血流を維持するのみでなく,胆汁分泌機能の制御にも重要な役割を果たすことが明らかになった.ストレス誘導型のヘムオキシゲナーゼ1は肝硬変症や特発性門脈圧亢進症で発現異常を呈し,肝組織のリモデリングにも関与すると思われる

  • HIF-1 in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and tumor progression

    N Goda, SJ Dozier, RS Johnson

    ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING   5 ( 4 ) 467 - 473  2003.08  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    Cells in a low oxygen, or hypoxic, microenvironment must have the ability to sense oxygen levels in the nucleus in order to maintain oxygen homeostasis by gene regulation. Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) serves as a molecular bridge between the sensation and utilization of oxygen, and thus functions as a key player in oxygen homeostasis. HIF-1 is a heterodimeric transcription factor and is composed of two subunits, the oxygen-sensitive HIF-1alpha and constitutively expressed HIF-1beta. HIF-1 regulates the expression of a broad range of genes that facilitate acclimation to low oxygen conditions by changes in protein levels in circulation, metabolism, and proliferation. Appropriate temporal and spatial activation of HIF-1 is crucial not only in developmental and physiological processes, characterized by programmed cellular proliferation, but also in pathophysiological conditions such as tumorigenesis, which exhibit unregulated cellular proliferation. However, many contradictory reports as to the role of HIF-1 in the regulation of cellular proliferation have been put forward in recent years. In this review, our first aim is to summarize the current knowledge of oxygen-dependent HIF-1 activation mechanisms based on its structure. Then we will describe the proposed mechanisms through which HIF-1 regulates cellular proliferation of different cell types, including tumor cells as well as non-transformed, nonimmortalized cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions.

  • Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha is essential for cell cycle arrest during hypoxia

    N Goda, HE Ryan, B Khadivi, W McNulty, RC Rickert, RS Johnson

    MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY   23 ( 1 ) 359 - 369  2003.01

     View Summary

    A classical cellular response to hypoxia is a cessation of growth. Hypoxia-induced growth arrest differs in different cell types but is likely an essential aspect of the response to wounding and injury. An important component of the hypoxic response is the activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor I (HIF-1) transcription factor. Although this transcription factor is essential for adaptation to low oxygen levels, the mechanisms through which it influences cell cycle arrest, including the degree to which it cooperates with the tumor suppressor protein p53, remain poorly understood. To determine broadly relevant aspects of HIF-1 function in primary cell growth arrest, we examined two different primary differentiated cell types which contained a deletable allele of the oxygen-sensitive component of HIF-1, the HIF-1alpha gene product. The two cell types were murine embryonic fibroblasts and splenic B lymphocytes; to determine how the function of HIF-1alpha influenced p53, we also created double-knockout (HIF-1alpha null, p53 null) strains and cells. In both cell types, loss of HIF-1alpha abolished hypoxia-induced growth arrest and did this in a p53-independent fashion. Surprisingly, in all cases, cells lacking both p53 and HIF-1alpha genes have completely lost the ability to alter the cell cycle in response to hypoxia. In addition, we have found that the loss of HIF-1alpha causes an increased progression into S phase during hypoxia, rather than a growth arrest. We show that hypoxia causes a HIF-1alpha-dependent increase in the expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p27; we also find that hypophosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein in hypoxia is HIF-1alpha dependent. These data demonstrate that the transcription factor HIF-1 is a major regulator of cell cycle arrest in primary cells during hypoxia.

    DOI PubMed CiNii

  • Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha is essential for cell cycle arrest during hypoxia

    N Goda, HE Ryan, B Khadivi, W McNulty, RC Rickert, RS Johnson

    MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY   23 ( 1 ) 359 - 369  2003.01  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    A classical cellular response to hypoxia is a cessation of growth. Hypoxia-induced growth arrest differs in different cell types but is likely an essential aspect of the response to wounding and injury. An important component of the hypoxic response is the activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor I (HIF-1) transcription factor. Although this transcription factor is essential for adaptation to low oxygen levels, the mechanisms through which it influences cell cycle arrest, including the degree to which it cooperates with the tumor suppressor protein p53, remain poorly understood. To determine broadly relevant aspects of HIF-1 function in primary cell growth arrest, we examined two different primary differentiated cell types which contained a deletable allele of the oxygen-sensitive component of HIF-1, the HIF-1alpha gene product. The two cell types were murine embryonic fibroblasts and splenic B lymphocytes; to determine how the function of HIF-1alpha influenced p53, we also created double-knockout (HIF-1alpha null, p53 null) strains and cells. In both cell types, loss of HIF-1alpha abolished hypoxia-induced growth arrest and did this in a p53-independent fashion. Surprisingly, in all cases, cells lacking both p53 and HIF-1alpha genes have completely lost the ability to alter the cell cycle in response to hypoxia. In addition, we have found that the loss of HIF-1alpha causes an increased progression into S phase during hypoxia, rather than a growth arrest. We show that hypoxia causes a HIF-1alpha-dependent increase in the expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p27; we also find that hypophosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein in hypoxia is HIF-1alpha dependent. These data demonstrate that the transcription factor HIF-1 is a major regulator of cell cycle arrest in primary cells during hypoxia.

    DOI

  • Stabilization of mast cells by heme oxygenase-1: an anti-inflammatory role

    R Takamiya, M Murakami, M Kajimura, N Goda, N Makino, Y Takamiya, T Yamaguchi, Y Ishimura, N Hozumi, M Suematsu

    AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY   283 ( 3 ) H861 - H870  2002.09  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    This study examined the role of bilirubin in heme oxygenase (HO)-1-mediated amelioration of mast cell (MC)-elicited inflammatory responses. Pretreatment of rats with an intraperitoneal injection of hemin, an inducer of HO-1, evolved a marked induction of the enzyme in MCs. Intravital videomicroscopy revealed that hemin pretreatment attenuated compound 48/80-elicited degranulation of MCs and resultant leukocyte adhesion in venules. Superfusion with biliverdin or bilirubin, but not with carbon monoxide (CO), another product of the HO reaction, mimicked suppressive actions of the HO-1 induction on both the cell degranulation and leukocyte adhesion elicited by the stimulus, suggesting a requirement of the enzyme reaction to generate bilirubin in the inhibitory mechanisms. Such MC-desensitizing actions of bilirubin were observed in primary-cultured MCs and reproduced irrespective of the choice of stimuli, such as compound 48/80, calcium ionophore, and anti-IgE serum. Furthermore, MC-stabilizing effects of HO-1 were reproduced by the gene transfection of the enzyme into mastocytoma cell line RBL2H3. These results suggest that bilirubin generated through HO-1 serves as an anti-inflammatory substance that desensitizes MCs and ameliorates leukocyte recruitment.

    DOI PubMed

  • Stabilization of mast cells by heme oxygenase-1: an anti-inflammatory role

    R Takamiya, M Murakami, M Kajimura, N Goda, N Makino, Y Takamiya, T Yamaguchi, Y Ishimura, N Hozumi, M Suematsu

    AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY   283 ( 3 ) H861 - H870  2002.09  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    This study examined the role of bilirubin in heme oxygenase (HO)-1-mediated amelioration of mast cell (MC)-elicited inflammatory responses. Pretreatment of rats with an intraperitoneal injection of hemin, an inducer of HO-1, evolved a marked induction of the enzyme in MCs. Intravital videomicroscopy revealed that hemin pretreatment attenuated compound 48/80-elicited degranulation of MCs and resultant leukocyte adhesion in venules. Superfusion with biliverdin or bilirubin, but not with carbon monoxide (CO), another product of the HO reaction, mimicked suppressive actions of the HO-1 induction on both the cell degranulation and leukocyte adhesion elicited by the stimulus, suggesting a requirement of the enzyme reaction to generate bilirubin in the inhibitory mechanisms. Such MC-desensitizing actions of bilirubin were observed in primary-cultured MCs and reproduced irrespective of the choice of stimuli, such as compound 48/80, calcium ionophore, and anti-IgE serum. Furthermore, MC-stabilizing effects of HO-1 were reproduced by the gene transfection of the enzyme into mastocytoma cell line RBL2H3. These results suggest that bilirubin generated through HO-1 serves as an anti-inflammatory substance that desensitizes MCs and ameliorates leukocyte recruitment.

    DOI

  • 誘導型ヘムオキシゲナーゼの生物活性の網羅的解析

    近藤 三恵子, 加柴 美里, 牧野 信也, 合田 亘人, 和田 洋一郎, 興梠 貴英, 児玉 龍彦, 末松 誠

    生化学   74 ( 8 ) 1074 - 1074  2002.08

  • Organ design for generation and reception of CO: Lessons from the liver

    M Kajimura, N Goda, M Suematsu

    ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING   4 ( 4 ) 633 - 637  2002.08  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    Carbon monoxide (CO) is synthesized in vivo by heme oxygenase. Although for many years CO had been regarded as potentially toxic waste, recent studies have indicated that it is a signaling molecule with important physiological functions. Nitric oxide (NO), another diatomic diffusible gas, is regarded as an established signaling molecule. Structural similarities between CO and NO have led many investigators to draw analogies between the two gaseous mediators. Whereas the NO signaling system has been Well defined as to its receptor molecule, soluble guanylate cyclase, the CO system has been conceived to require further tuning with respect to identifying its receptor molecules and its downstream effectors. Furthermore, there has been little quantitative information to argue for a physiological role of CO in vivo. This review, therefore, focuses on recent developments on both physiologic and pathophysiologic roles of CO in the model of isolated perfused liver of rats where endogenous production of CO is actually estimated. This model has revealed that CO acts as an endogenous vasorelaxant in the liver and that effects of CO are at least in part cyclic GMP-dependent. It has also provided answers to many questions of hepatobiliary functions that had not been resolved because of the complexity introduced by the interplay between NO and CO.

    DOI PubMed

  • Gene Transfection of H25A mutant heme oxygenase-1 protects cells against hydroperoxide-induced cytotoxicity

    R Hori, M Kashiba, T Toma, A Yachie, N Goda, N Makino, A Soejima, T Nagasawa, K Nakabayashi, M Suematsu

    JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY   277 ( 12 ) 10712 - 10718  2002.03  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 is a stress-inducible enzyme protecting cells against oxidative stress, and mechanisms have been considered to depend exclusively on its enzyme activity. This study aimed to examine if the protein lacking catalytic activities could also display such resistance against oxidative stress. Stable transfectants of rat wild type HO-1 cDNA (HO-1-U937) and those of its H25A mutant gene (mHO-1-U937) were established using human monoblastic lymphoma cell U937. HO-1-U937 and mHO-1-U937 used in the study exhibited similar levels of the protein expression, while only the former increased enzyme activities. HO-1- and mHO-1 U937 cells became more and less sensitive to H2O2 than mock transfectants, respectively; such distinct susceptibility between the cells was ascribable to differences in the capacity to scavenge H2O2 through catalase and to execute iron-mediated oxidant propagation. On the other hand, both cell lines exhibited greater resistance to tertbutyl hydroperoxide than mock transfectants. The resistance of HO-1-U937 to hydroperoxides appeared to result from antioxidant properties of bilirubin, an HO-derived product, while that of mHO-1-U937 was ascribable to increased contents of catalase and glutathione. These results provided evidence that gene transfection of the activity-lacking mutant HO-1 protects cells against oxidative stress through multiple mechanisms involving up-regulation of catalase and glutathione contents.

    DOI PubMed

  • Leydig cell-derived heme oxygenase-1 regulates apoptosis of premeiotic germ cells in response to stress

    N Ozawa, N Goda, N Makino, T Yamaguchi, Y Yoshimura, M Suematsu

    JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION   109 ( 4 ) 457 - 467  2002.02  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    Stress-induced downregulation of spermatogenesis remains poorly understood. This study examined the induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a carbon monoxide-generating inducible enzyme, in modulation of spermatogenesis. Rats were exposed to cadmium chloride (CdCl2), a stressor causing oligo-zoospermia, and HO-1-induction was monitored by following HO isozyme expression. CdCl2-treated testes increased HO-1 activity and suppressed microsomal cytochromes P450, which are required for steroidogenesis. CdCl2-elicited HO-1 occurred mostly in Leydig cells and coincided with CO generation, as judged by bilirubin-IXalpha immunoreactivity. Under these circumstances, germ cells in peripheral regions of seminiferous tubules exhibited apoptosis; laser flow cytometry revealed that these apoptotic cells involve diploid and tetraploid germ cells, suggesting involvement of spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes in CdCl2-elicited apoptosis. Pretreatmentwith zinc protoporphyrin-IX, an HO inhibitor, but not copper protoporphyrin-IX, which does not block the enzyme, attenuated the CdCl2-induced apoptosis. Such antiapoptotic effects of zinc protoporphyrin-IX were repressed by supplementation of dichloromethane, a CO donor. Upon CdCl2-treatment, both Sertoli cells and the germ cells upregulated Fas ligand; this event was also suppressed by zinc protoporphyrin-IX and restored by dichloromethane. Thus, Leydig cells appear to use HO-1-derived CO to trigger apoptosis of premeiotic germ cells and thereby modulate spermatogenesis under conditions of stress.

    DOI PubMed

  • From O2 to H2S: A landscape view of gas biology

    Misato Kashiba, Mayumi Kajimura, Nobuhito Goda, Makoto Suematsu

    Keio Journal of Medicine   51 ( 1 ) 1 - 10  2002  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    The majority of molecular oxygen (O2) consumed in the body is used as a substrate of cytochrome c oxidase to maintain oxidative phospholylation for ATP synthesis. Rest of the O2 is used for oxidative biosynthesis including synthesis of vasoactive substances such as prostaglandins and secondary gaseous mediators such as nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). Thus, O2 is not only used for maintenance of energy supply but also for regulating blood supply into tissues. Nitrous oxide (N2O), laughing gas for anesthesia, is generated endogenously through NO reductase in bacteria and fungi, and has recently been shown to modulate N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor function. A number of other biologically active gases could participate in regulation of cell and tissue functions. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is generated mainly through the Krebs cycle as a result of glucose oxidation and serves as a potent vasodilator, and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) synthesized through degradation of cysteine has recently been postulated to be a neuromodulater, although their receptor proteins for signaling have not been verified as a discernible molecular entity. Easy penetration allow these gases to access the inner space of receptor proteins and to execute their biological actions. These gases are generated and consumed in anaerobic bacteria through varied reactions distinct from those in mammals. This review summarizes recent information on mechanisms for gas generation and reception in biological systems.

    DOI PubMed

  • 鉄銅代謝 ヘム鉄再回収システムとしてのヘムオキシゲナーゼ反応

    末松 誠, 合田 亘人, 加柴 美里, 梶村 真弓

    臨床検査   45 ( 7 ) 739 - 743  2001.07

  • Altered expression of heme oxygenase-1 in the livers of patients with portal hypertensive diseases

    N Makino, M Suematsu, Y Sugiura, H Morikawa, S Shiomi, N Goda, T Sano, Y Nimura, K Sugimachi, Y Ishimura

    HEPATOLOGY   33 ( 1 ) 32 - 42  2001.01  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    This study was designed to determine changes in expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1, the stress-inducible and carbon monoxide-producing enzyme, in normotensive and portal hypertensive human livers. GTS-1, a monoclonal antibody against rat HO-1 cross-reacted with the human HO-1 and blocked its enzyme activity, allowing us to-examine the activity and localization of HO-1. in controls, approximately 50% of the total HO activity was from HO-1 as judged by the sensitivity to GTS-1, while the rest of activity was from other isozymes such as HO-2. HO-1 was expressed mainly in a subpopulation of Kupffer cells, and the expression in hepatic stellate cells, sinusoidal endothelial cells, and hepatocytes was little, if any The HO-1 expression exhibited quite different pictures in the livers of portal hypertensive diseases. In cirrhotic livers, which undergo portal hypertension through increases in intrasinusoidal resistance and regenerative changes in the parenchyma, HO-1 occurred in a majority of Kupffer cells and was also observed in hepatocytes. Consequently, the total HO-1 activities became significantly greater in these tissues than those from normal individuals: By contrast, livers of idiopathic portal hypertension that are characterized by an increase in presinusoidal resistance displayed a significant decrease in the HO-1 expression in Kupffer cells, and its hepatocellular expression was not detectable. Although factors involved in altered HO-1 expression in these cells remain unknown, the results suggest that Kupffer cells could alter their expression of HO-1 in response to local hemodynamic changes associated with chronic portal hypertension in humans.

    DOI

  • Cloning and characterization of the promoter of murine cytohesin-1 gene

    N Goda, A Tanoue, S Kikuchi, G Tsujimoto

    BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE STRUCTURE AND EXPRESSION   1493 ( 1-2 ) 195 - 199  2000.09  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    Mouse cytohesin-1 (CTH-1) is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor, specific for ADP ribosylation factors. The CTH-1 gene promoter was characterized by deletion mapping and mutational analysis. The region between -101 and -38 relative to the transcription start site showed the essential promoter activity when transfected into both NIH3T3 and COS7 cells. The nucleotides of the core promoter region contain three tandem GC boxes, which can offer potential binding sites for the ubiquitous transcription factor Sp-l family. Mutational analysis revealed that these tandem GC boxes are indispensable for activation of the gene transcription. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

    DOI

  • Structure and sequence of the mouse V1a and V1b vasopressin receptor genes

    S Kikuchi, A Tanoue, N Goda, N Matsuo, G Tsujimoto

    JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY   81 ( 4 ) 388 - 392  1999.12  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    The structural organization and 5'-flanking region of the mouse V1a and V1b vasopressin receptor genes were determined. The mouse Via receptor gene was located within an 8-kb XbaI fragment, and the mouse V1b receptor gene was located within a 14-kb EcoRV fragment. Both genes were comprised of two coding exons that were separated by a 2.3-kb and a 8.0-kb intron, respectively, located before the respective seventh transmembrane domain of the receptor sequence. The availability of these genes would allow us to study the functional role of V1a and V1b receptors by disrupting the gene in mice.

    DOI

  • Characterization of the mouse alpha 1D-adrenergic receptor gene

    K Arai, A Tanoue, N Goda, M Takeda, K Takahashi, G Tsujimoto

    JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY   81 ( 3 ) 271 - 278  1999.11  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    alpha 1-Adrenergic receptors (alpha 1-ARs) play critical roles in the regulation of a variety of physiological processes. Increasing evidence suggests that multiple receptor subtypes of alpha 1-ARs regulate these physiological processes. Molecular cloning has identified three distinct cDNAs encoding alpha 1-AR subtypes (alpha 1A, alpha 1B and alpha 1D) that are structurally homologous. Among the alpha 1-AR subtypes, the function of the alpha 1D-AR remains unclear. In order to examine the physiological role of alpha 1D-AR, we cloned and characterized a gene for the mouse alpha 1D-AR. Using a mouse alpha 1D-AR cDNA as a probe, we isolated the gene for the mouse (alpha 1D-AR from a mouse genomic Library. The alpha 1D-AR consists of two exons and an intron that interrupts the coding region of the putative sixth transmembrane domain. The 5'-flanking region of exon 1 contains neither a TATA box nor a CAAT box but is high in GC content and contains several Spl binding sites (GC boxes). This pattern is similar to promoters described for other members of alpha 1-ARs. The untranslated region also contains putative cyclic AMP response elements. Isolation of this gene will allow further investigation, via gene knock-outs and deletion mutants, of the mechanisms of transcriptional regulation and a greater understanding of the physiological role of alpha 1D-AR.

    DOI

  • Carbon monoxide overproduced by heme oxygenase-1 causes a reduction of vascular resistance in perfused rat liver

    Y Wakabayaski, R Takamiya, A Mizuki, T Kyokane, N Goda, T Yamaguchi, S Takeoka, E Tsuchida, M Suematsu, Y Ishimura

    AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY   277 ( 5 ) G1088 - G1096  1999.11  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    This study aimed to examine whether livers overexpressing heme oxygenase (HO)-1 could alter the vascular resistance through the vasorelaxing action of carbon monoxide (CO). The relationship among HO-1 expression, CO generation, and the vascular resistance was assessed in perfused rat Livers pretreated with hemin, an inducer of HO-1. At 18 h after the hemin treatment, Livers displayed marked increases in HO-1 expression in hepatocytes and venous CO flux and a reduction of the basal resistance. The reduction of the resistance in hemin-treated livers was canceled by administration of oxyhemoglobin, a reagent trapping both CO and nitric oxide (NO), but not by methemoglobin, which captures NO but not CO. Liposome-encapsulated oxyhemoglobin, which cannot access the space of Disse, did not cause vasoconstriction. Furthermore, these livers became less sensitive to endothelin-1, a vasoconstrictive peptide, than the untreated controls through mechanisms involving CO. On the other hand, at 12 or 24 h after the treatment when the HO-1 induction was not accompanied by CO overproduction, neither a decrease in the basal resistance nor vascular hyporeactivity to endothelin-1 was observed. These results suggest that CO overproduced in the extrasinusoidal compartment is a determinant of the HO-1-mediated vasorelaxation in the liver.

  • 特発性門脈圧亢進症例におけるheme oxygenase-1発現異常

    牧野 信也, 末松 誠, 合田 亘人, 石村 巽

    生化学   71 ( 8 ) 1000 - 1000  1999.08

  • Characterization of alpha(1)-adrenoceptors expressed in a novel vascular smooth muscle cell line cloned from p53 knockout mice, P53LMAC01 (AC01) cells

    K Ohmi, H Shinoura, Y Nakayama, N Goda, G Tsujimoto

    BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY   127 ( 3 ) 756 - 762  1999.06  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    1 We pharmacologically studied the alpha(1)-adrenoceptor (AR) subtype(s) involved in receptor-mediated signalling in a novel vascular smooth muscle cell line cloned from p53 knockout mice, P53LMAC01 (AC01) cells.
    2 Radioligand binding studies with [I-125]-HEAT showed the existence of a homogeneous population of binding site with an affinity (K-d value) of 0.4 nhl and a maximum number of binding sites (B-max) of 100 fmol mg(-1) protein. Catecholamines competed for [I-125]-HEAT binding stereospecifically and with the characteristic alpha(1)-AR potency series.
    3 Displacement curves for BMY-7378 and KMD-3213 best fitted a one-site model with a pK(1) value (-log(10) (equilibrium inhibition constant)) of 6.06 and 7.07, respectively.
    4 Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay detected alpha(1B)- and alpha(1D)-AR, but not alpha(1A)-AR transcript.
    5 Chlorethylclonidine (CEC) treatment nearly abolished (-)noradrenaline (NA) (10 mu M)-induced inositol[1,4,5]trisphosphate (IP3) production, and BMY-7378 inhibited the response with a K-i value of 0.3 nM, which value was similar to that obtained in the cells expressing alpha(1D)-AR. In both AC01 cells and cells expressing alpha(1D)-AR, BMY-7378 protected alpha(1)-ARs from CEC alkylation while it had little protective effect on CEC alkylation and NA-induced IP3 production in cells expressing alpha(1B)-AR
    6 The results indicate that AC01 cells contain predominantly alpha(1B)-ARs and a small population of alpha(1D)-ARs; however, phosphoinositide (PI)/Ca2+ signalling is mainly mediated through the minor population of alpha(1D)-ARs, rather than the alpha(1B)-ARs.

  • Discontinuous total parenteral nutrition prevents postischemic mitochondrial dysfunction in rat liver

    N Morikawa, M Suematsu, T Kyokane, N Goda, Y Kumamoto, T Okitsu, Y Ishimura, M Kitajima

    HEPATOLOGY   28 ( 5 ) 1289 - 1299  1998.11  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    Although discontinuous total parenteral nutrition (d-TPN) has recently been favored for clinical use over continuous total parenteral nutrition (c-TPN) to ameliorate liver dysfunction, mechanisms for the protection against postoperative liver dysfunction remain unknown. This study aimed to examine differences in mitochondrial function in d-TPN-and c-TPN-pretreated livers during ischemia-reperfusion. Rat livers pretreated with d-TPN or c-TPN were perfused with Krebs-Ringer buffer and were exposed to 25% low-flow hypoxia followed by reperfusion, Intrahepatic mitochondrial membrane potential (Delta Psi) and cell viability were assessed by dual-color digital microfluorography using rhodamine 123 (Rh123) and propidium iodide (PI), respectively. In response to hypoxia, livers pretreated with c-TPN, d-TPN, and an ordinary chow diet exhibited a significant Delta Psi reduction among the entire lobules, Upon reperfusion, the regional Delta Psi values further decreased in the c-TPN liver, whereas those in the d-TPN-treated or chow-treated livers displayed a rapid recovery toward the control levels. The severity of cell injury did not differ among the groups, showing that the reperfusion-induced Delta Psi drop in the c-TPN-pretreated liver is not a consequence of cell injury. Differences in the Delta Psi drop among the groups appear to occur irrespective of those in the glycogen storage, because the livers undergoing d-TPN display a marked Delta Psi recovery even when reperfused at the end of a fasted state. These results indicate that c-TPN, but not d-TPN, jeopardizes mitochondrial re-energization and suggest that a circadian pattern of the TPN serves as a potentially beneficial strategy to reduce the risk of postischemic mitochondrial dysfunction in the liver.

    DOI

  • ヒト肝臓及び脾臓におけるHO-1発現の免疫組織化学的検討

    牧野 信也, 杉浦 芳章, 若林 良之, 合田 亘人, 末松 誠, 石村 巽

    生化学   70 ( 8 ) 909 - 909  1998.08

  • ヘムオキシゲナーゼアイソザイムの細胞内局在部位の同定

    若林 良之, 末松 誠, 内藤 眞, 合田 亘人, 石村 巽

    生化学   70 ( 8 ) 1072 - 1072  1998.08

  • Carbon monoxide as a regulator of bile canalicular contractility in cultured rat hepatocytes

    Y Shinoda, M Suematsu, Y Wakabayashi, T Suzuki, N Goda, S Saito, T Yamaguchi, Y Ishimura

    HEPATOLOGY   28 ( 2 ) 286 - 295  1998.08  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    This study aimed to examine the mechanism(s) by which carbon monoxide (CO), a product of heme oxygenase reaction, controls the contractility of bile canaliculus (BC) in hepatocytes, When BCs associated with the couplet cells in cultured rat hepatocyte suspension were observed using time-lapse video microscopy, they exhibited periodical contractions with a most-probable interval of 6 minutes under our experimental conditions. The addition of 1 mu mol/L zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP), a potent inhibitor of heme oxygenase, to the culture medium elicited a 40% shortening of the interval time together with an increase in intracellular calcium concentrations, while the same concentration of iron protoporphyrin IX did not induce such changes. The production of CO, which was 0.5 nmol/h/10(8) cells in the absence of ZnPP, diminished to less than 0.1 nmol/h/10(8) cells upon application of ZnPP, The ZnPP-elicited increases in both contractile frequency and intracellular calcium concentrations were attenuated by the addition of 1 mu mol/L CO or 50 mu mol/L 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy) ethane-tetraacetate, a calcium chelator. Clotrimazole or metyrapone, inhibitors of cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase activities, also attenuated the ZnPP-induced elevation of the contractile frequency. On the other hand, intracellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) contents were not altered significantly by the application of ZnPP or by CO. These results indicate that CO generated by heme oxygenase controls the BC function by changing intracellular calcium concentrations presumably through a mechanism involving the cytochrome P450 reaction.

    DOI

  • Distribution of heme oxygenase isoforms in rat liver characterized by novel monoclonal antibodies

    N Goda, M Naito, T Tamatani, Y Ishimura, M Suematsu

    FASEB JOURNAL   12 ( 5 ) A1001 - A1001  1998.03  [Refereed]

  • Modulation of P-selectin dependent leukocyte endothelial cell interactions by inducible heme oxygenase in rat post-capillary venules in vivo.

    R Takamiya, S Hayashi, N Goda, Y Wakabayashi, M Kitajima, T Tamatani, S Tojo, Y Ishimura, M Suematsu

    FASEB JOURNAL   12 ( 5 ) A806 - A806  1998.03  [Refereed]

  • Distribution of heme oxygenase isoforms in rat liver - Topographic basis for carbon monoxide-mediated microvascular relaxation

    N Goda, K Suzuki, M Naito, S Takeoka, E Tsuchida, T Tametani, M Suematsu

    JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION   101 ( 3 ) 604 - 612  1998.02  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    Carbon monoxide (CO) derived from heme oxygenase has recently been shown to play a role in controlling hepatobiliary function, but intrahepatic distribution of the enzyme is unknown. We examined distribution of two kinds of the heme oxygenase isoforms (HO-1 and HO-2) in rat liver immunohistochemically suing monoclonal antibodies. The results showed that distribution of the two isoforms had distinct topographic patterns: HO-1, an inducible isoform, was observed only in Kupffer cells, while HO-2, a constitutive form, distributed to parenchymal cells, but not to Kupffer cells. Both isoforms were undetectable in hepatic stellate cells and sinusoidal endothelial cells. Of the two isoforms, HO-2 in the parenchymal cell rather than HO-1 in the Kupffer cell, appears to play a major role in regulation of microvascular tone. In the perfused liver, administration of HbO(2), a CO-trapping reagent that can diffuse across the fenestrated endothelium into the space of Disse, elicited a marked sinusoidal constriction, while administration of a liposome-encapsulated Hb that cannot enter the space had no effect on the microvascular tone. These results suggest that CO evolved by HO-2 in the parenchymal cells, and released to the extrasinusoidal space, served as the physiological relaxant for hepatic sinusoids.

  • The heme oxygenase system in liver microcirculation: A key mechanism for hemoglobin degradation

    M Suematsu, Y Wakabayashi, N Goda, S Takeoka, E Tsuchida, Y Ishimura

    BLOOD SUBSTITUTES PRESENT AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES     241 - 249  1998  [Refereed]

  • Ito cells: A putative cellular component responsible for carbon monoxide-mediated microvascular relaxation in the rat liver

    Y Wakabayashi, S Kashiwagi, N Goda, Y Ishimura, M Suematsu

    OXYGEN HOMEOSTASIS AND ITS DYNAMICS   1   469 - 472  1998  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    Ito cells are microvascular pericytes occurring specifically in the liver. They are characterized by abundant fat droplets and constitute a major storage pool of vitamin A in the liver. These cells encircle the outer surface of microvascular walls and constitute a well-organized meshwork of intercellular connection by using their unique neuron-like dendritic structure. Ito cells have thus been considered to be a putative machinery controlling sinusoidal blood flow. Carbon monoxide (CO) generated by the heme oxygenase reaction serves as an endogenous relaxing factor that actively relaxes hepatic sinusoids. Although such a GO-dependent vasorelaxing mechanism seems to involve cyclic guanosine monophosphate- (cGMP-) dependent relaxation of Ito cells, it is still unknown whether Ito cells can exhibit cell relaxation in response to CO through unidentified cGMP-independent mechanisms. This chapter provides an overview of mechanisms for GO-dependent Ito cell relaxation in vivo and in vitro.

  • An antioxidant role of nitric oxide in modulation of oxidative stress in human placental trophoblastic cells

    N Goda, M Natori, M Suematsu, K Kiyokawa, Y Ishimura, Y Yoshimura, S Nozawa

    OXYGEN HOMEOSTASIS AND ITS DYNAMICS   1   557 - 561  1998  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    Nitric oxide (NO) has recently attracted great interest as a mediator of cell and organ functions. During pregnancy, larger amounts of NO are known to be produced in systemic circulation on the maternal side than those in nonpregnant females. Placental trophoblastic cells (PTCs), which are major constituents of placenta and are in direct contact with maternal blood, can produce NO via the reaction of endothelial form of NO synthase during pregnancy. Endogenously produced NO in placenta can relax vascular tone, inhibit platelet aggregations, and attenuate adherent reactions of leukocytes and platelets. By contrast, the decrease of NO generation in the placenta is correlated with impairment of uteroplacental perfusion, which elicits severe perinatal complications such as preeclampsia (PE) and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). Although the mechanisms through which endogenous NO modulates a variety of cellular functions in the placenta have not been revealed yet, our results provide new insight into molecular mechanisms of endogenous NO in PTCs, suggesting that alterations in placental NO formation may not only play a role in the physiological changes of advancing gestation but may also contribute to the pathophysiology of PE and IUGR.

  • Endothelial-derived nitric oxide preserves anticoagulant heparan sulfate expression in cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells

    M Irokawa, M Nishinaga, U Ikeda, Y Shinoda, M Suematsu, N Gouda, Y Ishimura, K Shimada

    ATHEROSCLEROSIS   135 ( 1 ) 9 - 17  1997.11  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to inhibit platelet adhesion and aggregation, but there are no reports on its interaction with the coagulation system. We investigated the effect of the L-arginine analogues, N-nitro-L-arginine (LNA), N-G-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), and NG-monomethyl-L arginine (L-NMMA), competitive inhibitors of NO production, on endothelial-surface heparan sulfate. Addition of LNA to porcine aortic endothelial cells reduced I-125-labeled antithrombin III binding to the cell surface heparan sulfate in a dose-and time-dependent fashion. Significant inhibition was observed with 1 mM LNA, and the maximal suppression (-50% of control) occurred at 10 mM LNA after 12 h, L-NAME (1 mM) and L-NMMA (1 mM) also significantly inhibited the antithrombin III binding. The iron chelator desferrioxamine significantly prevented the reduction of antithrombin III binding to LNA-treated cells. We further investigated the effect of L-NAME on intracellular oxidative stress of endothelial cells using a hydroperoxide-sensitive fluorochrome, carboxy-dichloro-dihydrofluorescein diacetate bisacetoxymethyl ester probe, and revealed that inhibition of NO synthesis by L-NAME led to a marked increase in intracellular oxidative stress. These results demonstrated that the prolonged inhibition of NO synthesis in porcine aortic endothelial cells decreases the expression of anticoagulant heparan sulfate on endothelial cells through the increase in intracellular oxidative stress, perhaps comprising another mechanism by which NO affects the coagulation system in the vasculature. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.

    DOI

  • 肝膜における一酸化炭素を介した類洞血管機能の制御

    末松 誠, 若林 良之, 武岡 真司, 合田 亘人, 土田 英俊, 石村 巽

    G.I.Research   5 ( 5 ) 625 - 625  1997.10

  • Endogenous carbon monoxide suppression stimulates bile acid-dependent biliary transport in perfused rat liver

    T Sano, M Shiomi, Y Wakabayashi, Y Shinoda, N Goda, T Yamaguchi, Y Nimura, Y Ishimura, M Suematsu

    AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY   272 ( 5 ) G1268 - G1275  1997.05  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    This study aimed to investigate whether carbon monoxide (CO), a product of heme oxygenase that degrades protoheme IX serves as an endogenous modulator for biliary transport. To that end, effects of zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP), a heme oxygenase inhibitor, on the biliary transport were tested in perfused rat liver. Perfusion of 1 mu M ZnPP abolished detectable levels of CO in the venous perfusate and increased bile acid-dependent bile output accompanying an increased secretion of bile salts. The ZnPP-induced choleresis coincided with a reduction of tissue guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) levels and a decrease in vascular conductance. On administration of 2.5 mu M CO, ZnPP-elicited choleresis, decreases in vascular conductance, and cGMP levels were all attenuated. Treatment with 1 mu M 8-bromoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-BrcGMP) partly attenuated the ZnPP-induced choleresis in concert with repression of vascular conductance. Furthermore, treatment of the liver with methylene blue, a guanylate cyclase inhibitor, evoked a choleresis similar to that induced by ZnPP. Thus endogenous CO suppression stimulates the biliary transport in part through a cGMP-dependent mechanism.

  • Modulation of mitochondrion-mediated oxidative stress by nitric oxide in human placental trophoblastic cells

    N Goda, M Suematsu, M Mukai, K Kiyokawa, M Natori, S Nozawa, Y Ishimura

    AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY   271 ( 5 ) H1893 - H1899  1996.11  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    Intracellular hydroperoxide generation in cultured human placental trophoblastic cells (HPTCs) was quantitatively monitored in the presence or absence of an NO synthase inhibitor, N-G-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 1 mM), by digital microfluorography with use of carboxydichlorofluorescein, a hydroperoxide-sensitive fluorogenic probe. In the absence of L-NAME, HPTCs displayed a time-dependent gradual elevation of the fluorescence, suggesting the ability to produce oxidants spontaneously. In the presence of L-NAME, however, the fluorescent response in these cells increased further; the oxidative impact elicited by L-NAME treatment for 30 min was equivalent to that induced by application of 230 mu M tert-butyl hydroperoxide for 5 min. This oxidative process was completely blocked by rotenone, a reagent that interferes with electron entry into complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. On the other hand, antimycin A, which blocks mitochondria at the distal site of the ubiquinone pool, potentiated the L-NAME-induced oxidative change. These findings suggest that constitutive levels of nitric oxide production contribute to regulation of mitochondrion-derived intracellular oxidant generation in HPTCs.

  • 血管内皮細胞と動脈硬化・血栓 NOと内皮-好中球相互反応

    若林 良之, 末松 誠, 合田 亘人

    現代医療   28 ( 3 ) 761 - 767  1996.03

  • Heme oxygenase-CO pathwayによる毛細胆管収縮調節機構

    篠田 雄一, 末松 誠, 合田 亘人

    Cyto-protection & biology   13   59 - 60  1995.12

     View Summary

    一酸化炭素(CO)はヘムオキシゲナーゼ(HO)の生成物として生体内で生成される.CO産生細胞として肝実質細胞に注目し,COが毛細血管(BC)の収縮の調節因子として作用することを検討した.BCは2個の肝細胞によって囲まれた空間である.BCの収縮は微速度撮影法により計測した.BCの最大拡張期から最大収縮期までの間隔を収縮間隔時間とした.これを解析すると7.3±2.7(平均±SD, n=201)の割合で収縮がみられた.HO抑制因子であるZnPP 1μMを添加すると収縮間隔時間が4.4±1.7分(n=64)に短縮された.この変化はCO 2μM前投与により抑制され7.2±2.2分(n=67)となった

  • CARBON-MONOXIDE - AN ENDOGENOUS MODULATOR OF SINUSOIDAL TONE IN THE PERFUSED-RAT-LIVER

    M SUEMATSU, N GODA, T SANO, S KASHIWAGI, T EGAWA, Y SHINODA, Y ISHIMURA

    JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION   96 ( 5 ) 2431 - 2437  1995.11  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    Heme oxygenase is a heme-oxidizing enzyme which generates biliverdin and carbon monoxide (CO). The present study was designed to elucidate whether CO endogenously produced by this enzyme serves as an active vasorelaxant in the hepatic microcirculation. Microvasculature of the isolated perfused rat liver was visualized by dual-color digital microfluorography to alternately monitor sinusoidal lining and fat-storing Ito cells. In the control liver, the CO flux in the venous effluent ranged at 0.7 nmol/min per gram of liver, Administration of a heme oxygenase inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin IX (1 mu M) eliminated the baseline CO generation, and the vascular resistance exhibited a 30% elevation concurrent with discrete patterns of constriction in sinusoids and reduction of the sinusoidal perfusion velocity, The major sites of the constriction corresponded to local sinusoidal segments colocalized with Ito cells which were identified by imaging their vitamin A autofluorescence, The increase in the vascular resistance and sinusoidal constriction were attenuated significantly by adding CO (1 mu M) or a cGMP analogue 8-bromo-cGMP (1 mu M) in the perfusate, From these findings, we propose that CO can function as an endogenous modulator of hepatic sinusoidal perfusion through a relaxing mechanism involving Ito cells.

  • 臓器微小循環における内皮細胞-好中球間相互反応

    末松 誠, 飯郷 裕, 合田 亘人

    Surgery Frontier   2 ( 2 ) 149 - 154  1995.06

  • 臓器微小循環障害における血球反応の多様性と接着分子の役割

    末松 誠, 合田 亘人, 若林 良之

    Therapeutic Research   16 ( 6 ) 1633 - 1641  1995.06

  • 消化器疾患と活性酸素・フリーラジカル Digital Microfluorographyを用いた生体内酸素ストレスの画像解析法 低分子モノオキシドの生理作用

    末松 誠, 合田 亘人, 石村 巽

    臨床消化器内科   10 ( 6 ) 739 - 744  1995.05

  • CARBON-MONOXIDE AS AN ENDOGENOUS MODULATOR OF HEPATIC VASCULAR PERFUSION

    M SUEMATSU, S KASHIWAGI, T SANO, N GODA, Y SHINODA, Y ISHIMURA

    BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS   205 ( 2 ) 1333 - 1337  1994.12  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    Carbon monoxide (CO) generated by heme oxygenase has recently been considered a neural messenger in brain. This observation prompted us to investigate whether CO participates in vascular regulation in the liver, another organ with high levels of heme oxygenase activity. In isolated perfused rat liver, submicromolar levels of CO were detectable in the effluent and were able to be suppressed by the administration of Zn protoporphyrin IX (1 mu M), a potent inhibitor of heme oxygenase. Furthermore, zinc protoporphyrin IX (1 mu M) promoted an increase in the perfusion pressure under the constant flow conditions. These changes were reversed by adding CO (2 mu M) or a cGMP analogue 8-bromo-cGMP (1 mu M) in the perfusate. The present findings indicate that CO can function as an endogenous modulator of vascular perfusion in the liver. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc.

    DOI

  • 血管障害と接着分子 白血球と血管内皮細胞の相互作用 in vivo系

    末松 誠, 合田 亘人, 飯郷 裕

    現代医療   26 ( 9 ) 3109 - 3113  1994.09

▼display all

Books and Other Publications

  • 低酸素感知・応答機構と疾患

    合田亘人( Part: Sole author)

    細胞  2022.03

  • 生体の低酸素感知とその制御機構

    前田 純江, 合田 亘人( Part: Joint author)

    透析療法ネクストXXⅦ  2021.10 ISBN: 9784865174397

  • HIFs、PHDsと肝疾患

    林絵莉子, 合田亘人( Part: Joint author)

    医学のあゆみ  2020.07

  • 低酸素ストレス応答の疾患生物学

    合田亘人( Part: Sole author)

    細胞  2013.07

  • HIFを介した防御機構:低酸素ストレス下のエネルギー代謝制御

    合田亘人, 加藤早由華( Part: Joint author)

    医学のあゆみ  2013.01

  • 肝疾患とHIFを介した低酸素応答

    合田亘人, 長内康太( Part: Joint author)

    血管医学  2012.11

  • 低酸素シグナリング -HIFシグナリング-

    合田亘人( Part: Sole author)

    イラストで徹底理解するシグナル伝達キーワード事典  2012.08

  • HIFが制御するエネルギー代謝-制御メカニズムとその破綻に起因する疾患-

    合田亘人, 鈴木智大, 金井麻衣( Part: Joint author)

    実験医学  2012.05

  • 実験医学2012年5月号 VOL.30No.8〜代謝,発生,免疫で動き出す 低酸素応答システム

    中山恒, 合田亘人( Part: Joint editor)

    羊土社  2012.04 ISBN: 4758100837

    ASIN

  • 低酸素転写制御因子とSDB

    合田亘人, 鈴木智大( Part: Joint author)

    呼吸器NEWS&VIEW  2012

  • 「特集」代謝,発生,免疫で動き出す低酸素応答システム

    中山, 恒, 合田, 亘人

    羊土社  2012 ISBN: 9784758100830

  • 肝細胞の不均一性と肝代謝制御

    合田 亘人, 金井 麻衣( Part: Joint author)

    実験医学  2011.08

  • 低酸素のバイオイメージング : Hypoxia Inducible Factor の酸素代謝における役割

    塚田 孝祐, 合田 亘人, 南谷 晴之, 末松 誠( Part: Joint author)

    バイオイメージング  2006.10

  • 肝・消化管と低酸素

    合田 亘人, 槌谷夏子, 山本雄広( Part: Joint author)

    炎症と免疫  2005.06

▼display all

Presentations

  • 新規ヘパトカインによる代償性膵島肥大を介した血糖調節機構の解明

    合田 亘人

    第95回日本生化学会 

    Presentation date: 2022.11

    Event date:
    2022.11
     
     
  • 代償性膵島肥大にかかわるヘパトカイン受容体の同定とその機能解析

    合田 亘人

    第29回肝細胞研究会 

    Presentation date: 2022.08

    Event date:
    2022.08
     
     
  • 肝臓と膵臓を繋ぐ新規ヘパトカインの探索とその機能解析

    合田 亘人  [Invited]

    第7回肝臓と糖尿病・代謝研究会 

    Presentation date: 2021.05

  • 2型糖尿病で肝臓から分泌される Hepatokine X は膵島肥大を誘導することで 血糖調節にかかわっている

    合田 亘人, 林 絵莉子, 新井 理智

    第27回肝細胞研究会 

    Presentation date: 2020.12

    Event date:
    2020.12
     
     
  • 低酸素応答の疾患生物学

    合田 亘人  [Invited]

    第88回日本医科大学医学会総会 

    Presentation date: 2020.09

  • HIF-PHDを介した低酸素感知・応答システムの制御機構

    合田 亘人  [Invited]

    第63回日本腎臓学会 

    Presentation date: 2020.08

  • Hepatic Gpnmb improves systemic glucose tolerance in type II diabetic mice

    Nobuhito Goda

    Liver, Biology, Diseases & Cance 

    Presentation date: 2019.12

  • 肝臓の代謝・炎症疾患におけるHIF1の病態抑制機構

    合田 亘人  [Invited]

    第72回日本酸化ストレス学会 

    Presentation date: 2019.06

  • 自然免疫様T細胞のHIF-1による急性炎症制御機構の解明

    合田 亘人

    第91回日本生化学会 

    Presentation date: 2018.09

  • 新しい糖新生調節因子の探索とその機能解析

    合田 亘人  [Invited]

    第5回肝臓と糖尿病・代謝研究会 

    Presentation date: 2018.07

  • Pathological role of HIF-1 in the liver

    GODA Nobuhito  [Invited]

    Hypoxia Research Meeting 2018 

    Presentation date: 2018.07

  • Pathological role of HIF-1 in the liver.

    GODA Nobuhito  [Invited]

    The 6th Conference of the Japanese Association for Hypoxia Biology 

    Presentation date: 2018.07

  • 肝臓による新しい生体内糖代謝調節機構

    合田 亘人

    第24回肝細胞研究会 

    Presentation date: 2017.06

  • 低酸素応答システムが拓く代謝性疾患の新しい病態理解

    合田 亘人  [Invited]

    第20回酸素ダイナミクス研究会 

    Presentation date: 2016.11

  • Metabolic diseases and HIF-1

    GODA Nobuhito  [Invited]

    Presentation date: 2016.09

  • Hypoxic response and lipid metabolism

    GODA Nobuhito  [Invited]

    International Symposium on Integration of Chemistry and Bioscience 

    Presentation date: 2014.01

  • 低酸素応答システムを介した非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患の発症制御機構

    合田 亘人

    第86回日本生化学会大会 

    Presentation date: 2013.09

  • 低酸素応答性転写制御因子HIF-1を介した非アルコール性脂肪肝抑制機構の解明

    合田 亘人

    第49回日本肝臓学会 

    Presentation date: 2013.06

  • 低酸素応答システムによる代謝制御

    合田 亘人  [Invited]

    第50回日本臨床分子医学会 

    Presentation date: 2013.04

  • HIF-1 Regulates Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in a Context-dependent Manner

    GODA Nobuhito

    Presentation date: 2012.12

  • Hypoxic responses and alcoholic fatty liver

    GODA Nobuhito  [Invited]

    16th Congress of International Society for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism 

    Presentation date: 2012.09

  • 低酸素応答による肝代謝機能制御

    合田 亘人  [Invited]

    第19回肝細胞研究会 

    Presentation date: 2012.06

▼display all

Misc

  • HIF-1α in Myeloid Cells Promotes Adipose Tissue Remodeling Toward Insulin Resistance

    Diabetes : a journal of the American Diabetes Association   10 ( 3 ) 2 - 11  2017.06

    CiNii

  • Sarcolipinヘテロ欠損マウスにおける心房機能解析

    志村 大輔, 草刈 洋一郎, 笹野 哲郎, 中島 康弘, 中井 岳, 焦 其彬, 金 美花, 横田 知大, 石川 義弘, 中野 敦, 合田 亘人, 南沢 享

    日本生理学雑誌   78 ( 3 ) 59 - 59  2016.05

  • マクロファージ特異的HIF‐1α欠損による食餌性肥満マウスの糖代謝・脂肪組織への影響

    TAKIGAWA AKIKO, MAHMOOD ARSHAD, NAWAZ ALLAH, SUMI TOMONOBU, YAMAMOTO SEIJI, TSUNEYAMA KOICHI, OKABE KEISUKE, SENDA SATOKO, NAKAGAWA TAKASHI, USUI ISAO, GODA NOBUHITO, TOBE KAZUYUKI

    糖尿病   58 ( Supplement 1 ) S.447  2015.04

    J-GLOBAL

  • 鳥類の動脈管閉鎖時に弾性線維構造が断裂・減弱する

    赤池 徹, 大森 依里子, 梶村 いちげ, 宮川 幸子, 田, 合田 亘人, 南沢 享

    日本小児循環器学会雑誌   30 ( Suppl. ) s332 - s332  2014.06

  • New frontiers of hypoxic responses in diseases

      45 ( 9 ) 412 - 414  2013.08

    CiNii

  • The manner of metabolism is different between the atrium and the ventricle

    Daisukie Shimura, Qibin Jiao, Kasumi Kashikura, Keiko Endo, Tomoyoshi Soga, Nobuhito Goda, Susumu Minamisawa

    FASEB JOURNAL   26  2012.04

    Research paper, summary (international conference)  

  • HIF-1 in T Cells Ameliorates Intestinal Inflammation by Controlling Regulatory T Cell Homeostasis

    Masaaki Higashiyama, Ryota Hokari, Hideaki Hozumi, Chie Kurihara, Toshihide Ueda, Chikako Watanabe, Kengo Tomita, Mitsuyasu Nakamura, Shunsuke Komoto, Yoshikiyo Okada, Atsushi Kawaguchi, Shigeaki Nagao, Makoto Suematsu, Nobuhito Goda, Soichim Miura

    GASTROENTEROLOGY   140 ( 5 ) S844 - S844  2011.05

    Research paper, summary (international conference)  

  • Analysis of the interaction between cells and the different types of nanosheets

    Daisuke Niwa, Toshinobu Fujie, Thorsten Lang, Nobuhito Goda, Shinji Takeoka

    ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY   239  2010.03

    Research paper, summary (international conference)  

  • pVHLは,網膜における胎児循環から成体循環への移行に必要である

    栗原俊英, 栗原俊英, 久保田義顕, 小沢洋子, 小沢洋子, 田久保圭誉, 野田航介, JOHNSON Randall, 末松誠, 合田亘人, 坪田一男, 須田年生, 岡野栄之

    再生医療   8  2009

    J-GLOBAL

  • 門脈血行異常症に関する調査研究 肝血流制御機構における低酸素応答システムの生物機能解析

    末松誠, 合田亘人

    門脈血行異常症調査研究班 平成19年度研究報告書    2008

    J-GLOBAL

  • HIF-1αを介した骨髄低酸素環境における造血幹細胞の静止期維持

    田久保 圭誉, 平尾 敦, 合田 亘人, 新井 文用, 細川 健太郎, 吉原 宏樹, Johnson Randall, 末松 誠, 須田 年生

    臨床血液   48 ( 9 ) 843 - 843  2007.09

  • DP-074-5 NOGマウスを用いたヒト由来がん細胞微小循環の生体内観察(第107回日本外科学会定期学術集会)

    半田 寛, 末松 誠, 西銘 千代子, 山本 雄広, 合田 亘人, 島津 元秀, 北島 政樹

    日本外科学会雑誌   108 ( 2 ) 474 - 474  2007.03

    CiNii

  • T細胞のHIF-1による急性炎症反応制御機構の解析

    渡部弘志, 合田亘人, 藤木夏子, JOHNSON Randall S, 末松誠

    生化学    2007

    J-GLOBAL

  • 肝再生過程における低酸素応答システムの生物作用の解析

    末松誠, 合田亘人

    門脈血行異常症調査研究班 平成18年度研究報告書    2007

    J-GLOBAL

  • 低酸素のバイオイメージング : Hypoxia Inducible Factor の酸素代謝における役割

    塚田 孝祐, 合田 亘人, 南谷 晴之, 末松 誠

    バイオイメージング   15 ( 2 ) 77 - 78  2006.10

    CiNii

  • 骨髄低酸素ニッチにおけるHIF-1αを介した静止期造血幹細胞の制御機構

    田久保 圭誉, 平尾 敦, 合田 亘人, 新井 文用, Randall Johnson, 末松 誠, 須田 年生

    臨床血液   47 ( 9 ) 1034 - 1034  2006.09

  • Cross-interactions between CO and NO signaling in microvascular endothelium

    M. Kajimura, M. Ishikawa, T. Adachi, K. Maruyama, N. Goda, M. Suematsu

    JOURNAL OF VASCULAR RESEARCH   43   15 - 15  2006

    Research paper, summary (international conference)  

  • Increased oxygen consumption in hepatocyte-specific HIF-1-targeted mice

    K. Tsukada, T. Tajima, T. Kawamura, N. Goda, R. S. Johnson, M. Suematsu

    JOURNAL OF VASCULAR RESEARCH   43   45 - 45  2006

    Research paper, summary (international conference)  

  • スーパー免疫欠損NOGマウスにおけるヒト癌細胞由来腫ようマイクロ循環の生体内観察(原標題は英語)

    西銘千代子, 西銘千代子, 山本雄広, 合田亘人, 中村雅登, 末水洋志, 玉置憲一, 末松誠

    日本分子生物学会年会講演要旨集   28th  2005

    J-GLOBAL

  • Tリンパ球のHIF-1による急性炎症反応制御機構の解析

    渡部弘志, 合田亘人, 松岡克善, RANDAIL S Johnson, 末松誠

    日本分子生物学会年会講演要旨集   28th  2005

    J-GLOBAL

  • 一酸化炭素による細胞内メチレーション制御機構の解析

    山本雄広, 丸山佳代, 足立健, 合田亘人, 末松誠

    日本分子生物学会年会講演要旨集   28th  2005

    J-GLOBAL

  • Cystathionine beta synthase as a novel gas signal transducer for CO

    M Suematsu, K Hoshikawa, M Kashiba, N Goda

    FASEB JOURNAL   18 ( 5 ) A1308 - A1308  2004.03

    Research paper, summary (international conference)  

  • Gas biology in organ microcirculation : How do CO and NO conduct their vasoactive receptors?

    SUEMATSU Makoto, GODA Nobuhito, KAJIMURA Mayumi, KASHIBA Misato

      52   36 - 36  2003.11

    CiNii

  • Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 transcription factor regulates hypoxia-induced cell cycle arrest synergically with p53 oncoprotein

    N Goda, M Suematsu, RS Johnson

    FASEB JOURNAL   17 ( 4 ) A18 - A18  2003.03

    Research paper, summary (international conference)  

  • Heme oxygenase-CO系による肝・門脈循環調節機構と病態 (特集 門脈圧亢進症の新展開)

    末松 誠, 合田 亘人, 加柴 美里

    細胞   33 ( 10 ) 388 - 371  2001.09

    CiNii

  • 392 ラット精巣でのLeydig細胞によるストレス感知機構と造精機能制御

    小澤 伸晃, 末松 誠, 合田 亘人, 吉村 [ヤス]典, 野澤 志朗

    日本産科婦人科學會雜誌   53 ( 2 ) 355 - 355  2001.02

    CiNii

  • P-147 重金属ストレス曝露時のラット精巣における誘導型ヘムオキシゲナーゼの発現と造精機能の制御

    小澤 伸晃, 末松 誠, 合田 亘人, 吉村 〓典, 野澤 志朗

    日本産科婦人科學會雜誌   52 ( 2 ) "421(S - 345)"  2000.02

    CiNii

  • 【胚発生と胎児発育】 フリーラジカルと胎児発育

    合田 亘人, 石本 人士, 田中 守, 宮崎 豊彦, 吉村 泰典

    HORMONE FRONTIER IN GYNECOLOGY   6 ( 4 ) 365 - 372  1999.12

  • The Heme Oxygenase-Carbon Monoxide System: A Regulator of Organ Microvascular Function

    SUEMATSU Makoto, WAKABAYASHI Yoshiyuki, MAKINO Nobuya, TAKAMIYA Rina, GODA Nobuhito, ISHIMURA Yuzuru

      21 ( 1 ) 19 - 25  1998.04

    CiNii

  • 絨毛細胞による子宮胎盤循環の制御機構 (3月第1土曜特集 臓器微小循環--基礎から臨床へ) -- (臓器微小循環研究の進歩)

    合田 亘人, 野沢 志朗

    医学のあゆみ   184 ( 10 ) 801 - 804  1998.03

    CiNii

  • ヘムオキシゲナ-ゼ-CO系による臓器機能制御 (特集 多機能分子NOによる生体制御と病態)

    末松 誠, 合田 亘人, 鈴木 恒陽

    細胞工学   17 ( 2 ) 224 - 229  1998.02

    CiNii

  • Carbon monoxide as a regulator of microvascular function.

    末松誠, 鈴木恒陽, 牧野信也, 若林良之, 柏木哲, 合田亘人, 石村巽

    月刊組織培養工学   24 ( 1 )  1998

    J-GLOBAL

  • Organic function control mechanism through carbon monoxide Immunohistologic examination of heme oxygenase distribution using monoclonal antibody. ( Ministry of Health and Welfare S ).

    末松誠, 合田亘人, 若林良之, 牧野信也, 石村巽

    門脈血行異常症調査研究班 平成9年度研究報告書    1998

    J-GLOBAL

  • Organic function control mechanism through carbon monoxide Intraorganic distribution of heme oxygenase. ( Ministry of Health and Welfare S ).

    末松誠, 合田亘人, 若林良之, 石村巽

    門脈血行異常症調査研究班 平成9年度研究報告書    1998

    J-GLOBAL

  • Carbon Monoxide-mediated Regulation of Organ Function: Characterization of Distribution of Heme Oxygenase Isoform in Liver.

    末松誠, 合田亘人, 若林良之, 石村巽

    特定疾患に関する分子病態研究班 平成9年度研究報告書 厚生省特定疾患調査研究班基盤研究部門    1998

    J-GLOBAL

  • Carbon monoxide modulates vesicular transport in the perfused rat liver.

    T Sano, M Shiomi, Y Wakabayashi, Y Shinoda, N Goda, Y Nimura, Y Ishimaura, M Suematsu

    GASTROENTEROLOGY   112 ( 4 ) A1372 - A1372  1997.04

    Research paper, summary (international conference)  

  • P-82 絨毛細胞内酸素ストレスの調節機構の解明 : ミトコンドリア呼吸鎖と一酸化窒素(NO)の相互作用

    合田 亘人, 宮崎 豊彦, 名取 道也, 清河 薫, 田中 守, 吉村 泰典, 野澤 志朗

    日本産科婦人科學會雜誌   49 ( 0 ) "S - 390"  1997.02

    CiNii

  • Carbon monoxide as an endogenous regulator of microvascular function.

    末松誠, 若林良之, 合田亘人, 石村巽

    医用電子と生体工学   35  1997

    J-GLOBAL

  • FAT-STORING ITO CELL : A PUTATIVE CELLULAR TARGET FOR CARBON MONOXIDE-MEDIATED MICROVASCULAR RELAXATION IN THE RAT LIVER

    WAKABAYAHI Yoshiyuki, KASHIWAGI Satoshi, GODA Nobuhito, ISHIMURA Yuzuru, SUEMATSU Makoto

      45   S95  1996.12

    CiNii

  • 培養ヒト絨毛細胞における酸素ストレスの防御機構 : 内因性一酸化窒素の役割

    合田 亘人

    慶應醫學   73 ( 6 ) T485 - T495  1996.11

    CiNii

  • 152 ヒト培養絨毛細胞における活性酸素生成の検討と一酸化窒素(NO)による酸素ストレスの制御機構

    合田 亘人, 末松 誠, 宮崎 豊彦, 清河 薫, 若林 良之, 名取 道也, 小林 俊文, 石村 巽, 野澤 志朗

    日本産科婦人科學會雜誌   48 ( 0 ) "S - 183"  1996.02

    CiNii

  • Heme oxygenase-CO pathwayによる毛細胆管収縮調節機構

    篠田 雄一, 末松 誠, 若林 良之, 合田 亘人, 佐野 力, 柏木 哲, 石村 巽

    日本バイオイメージング学会学術集会講演要旨集   4   97 - 98  1995.10

    CiNii

  • CARBON-MONOXIDE AS AN ENDOGENOUS MODULATOR OF CONTRACTILE PERIODICITY IN BILE CANALICULI OF RAT COUPLET HEPATOCYTES

    Y SHINODA, M SUEMATSU, N GODA, Y WAKABAYASHI, Y ISHIMURA

    HEPATOLOGY   22 ( 4 ) 838 - 838  1995.10

    Research paper, summary (international conference)  

  • 生体内での白血球と内皮細胞の相互作用と炎症メディエーター

    末松 誠, 飯郷 裕, 合田 亘人, 石村 巽

    BME : bio medical engineering   9 ( 4 ) 50 - 56  1995.04

    DOI CiNii

  • NO and Microvascular Function-Roles in Regulation of Oxidative Stress

    SUEMATSU Makoto, GODA Nobuhito, ISHIMURA Yuzuru

      6 ( 2 ) 82 - 85  1995.04

    CiNii

  • CARBON-MONOXIDE - AN ENDOGENOUS MODULATOR OF HEPATIC SINUSOIDAL PERFUSION

    M SUEMATSU, S KASHIWAGI, N GODA, T SANO, Y SHINODA, Y ISHIMURA

    GASTROENTEROLOGY   108 ( 4 ) A1179 - A1179  1995.04

    Research paper, summary (international conference)  

  • 443 新しい生体内卵胞微小循環解析法の開発 : in situ digital microfluorography によるhCG投与ラット卵胞微小循環の変化の観察

    宮崎 豊彦, 合田 亘人, 山内 潤, 鄭 智誠, 清河 薫, 名取 道也, 小林 俊文, 野澤 志朗

    日本産科婦人科學會雜誌   47 ( 0 ) "S - 324"  1995.02

    CiNii

  • Oxygen stress and regulation mechanism of a microcirculation function by gaseous monoxide.

    末松誠, 若林良之, 篠田雄一, 合田亘人, 石村巽

    治療学   29 ( 12 )  1995

    J-GLOBAL

  • Intravital observation of platelet behavior on microvascular endothelial cells.

    末松誠, 合田亘人, 石村巽

    造血因子   6 ( 1 )  1995

    J-GLOBAL

  • HYPERACUTE FAILURE OF MITOCHONDRIAL REENERGIZATION AND BILIARY TRANSPORT AFTER REPERFUSION FOLLOWING COLD ISCHEMIA IN THE RAT PERFUSED LIVER

    M SUEMATSU, Y KUMAMOTO, Y SHINODA, S KASHIWAGI, N GODA, M SHIMAZU, M KITAJIMA, Y ISHIMURA

    HEPATOLOGY   20 ( 4 ) A176 - A176  1994.10

    Research paper, summary (international conference)  

  • Relation of Gestational Age, Maternal Body Weight and Age or Serum α-fetoprotein and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin at Second-trimester

    NATORI Michiya, TANAKA Mamoru, ISHIMOTO Hitoshi, GOHDA Nobuhito, KIYOKAWA Kaoru, YAMAUCHI Jun, MIYAZAKI Toyohiko, KOBAYASHI Toshifumi, NOZAWA Shiro, TAKAGI Tsukasa

      46 ( 7 ) 562 - 566  1994

     View Summary

    Serum levels of α-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) were measured in serum samples of 1,964 pregnant Japanese women whose gestational age and singleton pregnancy were confirmed by ultrasound examination during the first trimester of pregnancy. Statistical analysis of log-linear regression to calculate multiples of the median (MoM) was accomplished by the SAS statistical method. The levels of the two analytes noticeably decreased as maternal body weight increased. However, maternal age did not have a significant effect on either of them. The MoM formulae were as follows : MSAFPMoM=AFP/exp(0.861+0.0685×gestational age(weeks)-0.00572×body weight(kg)). MShCGMoM=hCG/exp(6.12-0.787×gestational age(weeks)-0.00613×body weight(kg)). Gestational age and maternal body weight should be considered as regression functions for the adjustment of serum levels in risk estimation of fetal anomalies and fetal demise in Japan.

    CiNii

  • Screening for Adverse Perinatal Outcome by Biomarkers in Maternal Serum : A Comparison of Elevated Maternal Serum Alpha-fetoprotein Versus Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

    TANAKA Mamoru, NATORI Michiya, ISHIMOTO Hitoshi, GOHDA Nobuhito, KIYOKAWA Kaoru, YAMAUCHI Jyun, MIYAZAKI Toyohiko, KOBAYASHI Toshifumi, NOZAWA Shiro

      46 ( 11 ) 1229 - 1233  1994

     View Summary

    We conducted a cohort analytic study to determine whether an unexplained increase in maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) or human chorionic gonadotropin (MShCG) is effective in screening for adverse perinatal outcomes. MSAFP and MShCG levels were measured in l,097 consecutive pregnant women in whom gestation was dated by ultrasonography and who later delivered a single infant. Patients with high MSAFP or MShCG had a much higher risk of low birth weight, intrauterine growth retardation and fetal death. But a screening test with MShCG for predicting preterm birth, low birth weight and intrauterine growth retardation had an approximately twice higher sensitivity than that with MSAFP. A combination of MSAFP and MShCG had little effect on the sensitivity. We concluded that a screening test with MShCG alone might be useful in predicting adverse perinatal outcomes.

    CiNii

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Syllabus

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Sub-affiliation

  • Faculty of Science and Engineering   Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering

  • Affiliated organization   Global Education Center

Research Institute

  • 2022
    -
    2024

    Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering   Concurrent Researcher

Internal Special Research Projects

  • 2型糖尿病にかかわる新規ヘパトカインによる血糖調節機構の解析

    2023  

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    近年、肝臓は多様な分泌因子を放出することで生体内の血糖値調節に重要な役割を果たしていることが明らかになってきた。申請者は、これまでのマイクロアレイ解析結果から、2型糖尿病を発症したマウス肝臓で発現誘導される新規の分泌因子を見いだした。そこで本研究では、2型糖尿病における血糖値調節に対する新規分泌因子の機能解析を目指した。この新規分泌因子をコードする遺伝子を肝臓特異的に欠損させたマウスに高脂質高糖質食を15週間投与し、肥満、脂肪肝と2型糖尿病を発症させた。食餌投与期間の体重変化、食餌摂取量、肝体重比および内臓脂肪体重比について解析したところ、この遺伝子欠損マウスとコントロールマウスとの間で顕著な差は認められなかった。次に、様々な負荷試験を行い、血糖調節異常が認められるか確認を行った。経口糖負荷試験では、空腹時血糖および負荷後120分までの測定した全てのポイントにおける血糖値は、この遺伝子の欠損によってコントロール群よりも高値を示すことが分かった。一方、インスリン負荷試験では、血糖値の降下作用の減弱が認められるものの、この遺伝子の欠失による影響は認められなかった。また、ピルビン酸負荷試験でも投与後の血糖値上昇は同程度であった。これらの結果に一致して、肝臓、骨格筋および内臓脂肪組織におけるインスリン投与によるAKTのリン酸化も同程度誘導されることを確認した。さらに、肝糖新生の律速酵素のG6paseやPepckの遺伝子発現も、この遺伝子の欠失により大きな変化が生じなかった。以上の結果より、2型糖尿病を発症したマウス肝臓で発現誘導されたこの遺伝子は耐糖能の悪化を抑制する抗糖尿病因子として機能することが明らかになった。また、その機能発現は末梢組織のインスリン感受性と肝糖新生能の調節とは異なる作用点に働きかけることが明らかになった。

  • 2型糖尿病にかかわる新規ヘパトカインの切断・分泌機構の解明

    2022   藤枝 咲帆

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    本研究では、血糖調節能を示す新しい肝臓由来分泌因子としてのニューレグリン1の切断・分泌機構のメカニズム解明を行った。限定的なMMP/ADAMファミリーに対する阻害剤とsiRNAを用いた解析から、ある特定のADAMが切断酵素の1つとして機能することを同定した。また、プロテアーゼ耐性を示す塩基性アミノ酸に置換した変異体を用いた解析から、膜貫通ドメインよりN末側の10~14アミノ酸を変異した置換体の分泌が完全に抑制されることを見いだした。以上より、ニューレグリン1の切断・分泌には肝細胞に発現するあるADAMが関与すること、またこの切断には膜貫通ドメインよりN末側の10~14アミノ酸の領域が重要であることが明らかになった。

  • 2型糖尿病にかかわる新規ヘパトカインの切断・分泌機構の解明

    2021  

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    近年、肝臓が多様な分泌因子(ヘパトカイン)を放出することで生体内の血糖調節に係わっていることが分かってきた。本研究では、当研究室が見出してきた新しいヘパトカインのニューレグリン1の切断・分泌機構のメカニズム解明を行った。LC-MS/MS解析の結果、ニューレグリン1タンパク質はEGF様ドメインのC末にあるaドメイン内の228番目以降で切断・分泌されることが分かった。また、MMP/ADAMファミリー全般に対する阻害剤添加により分泌が抑制されることが分かった。以上より、ニューレグリン1はMMP/ADAMによって膜貫通ドメインよりN末側14アミノ酸内で切断・分泌されることが明らかになった。

  • 2型糖尿病における肝臓内GPNMB発現制御機構の解明

    2020   林 絵莉子, 鈴木 達也

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    当研究室ではこれまでに、Gpnmbが2型糖尿病を発症したマウス肝臓で発現誘導され、かつ糖新生を抑制する内因性抗糖尿病因子であることを見いだしてきた。本研究成果として、Gpnmbの発現が飽和脂肪酸のパルミチン酸(PA)により増加する結果を得た。また、このGpnmb発現誘導にERストレス経路の1つであるPERK経路がかかわることを見いだした。さらに、転写因子C/EBPがPERK経路の下流でPAによるGpnmbの発現誘導にかかわる可能性を見いだした。以上より、2型糖尿病のマウス肝臓で発現誘導されるGpnmbはPAによるPERK-C/EBP経路を介していることが明らかになった

  • GPNMBによる糖代謝制御機能の解明

    2019   大串 悠斗, 田中 大志

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    Gpnmb (glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanomaprotein B)は骨大理石病ラットの骨芽細胞で同定された1回膜貫通タンパク質である。本研究では、生体内糖代謝制御における肝臓のGpnmbの役割を解析した。正常マウスの肝臓にGpnmb遺伝子を一過性に発現させると、肝糖新生能の低下を伴った糖処理能力が増強されることが分かった。また、この結果に一致して、糖新生律速酵素のPEPCKやG6Paseの遺伝子およびタンパク質の発現レベルが低下することを見いだした。さらに、初代培養肝細胞を用いて、Gpnmb遺伝子のノックダウンを行った結果、糖新生律速酵素の遺伝子の発現増強と糖産生の増加を見出した。これらの結果より、Gpnmbは肝糖新生を抑制することで血糖を調節する因子であると結論づけた。

  • 新規ヘパトカインのニューレグリン1による糖代謝制御機構の解明

    2016   合田 亘人, 新井 理智, 有村 祐次郎, 大野 友美絵

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    本課題では、肝臓で発現する膜貫通型成長因子ニューレグリン1(Nrg1)のバリアントフォームの同定と糖代謝制御における機能について解析を行った。その結果、肝臓ではType1型Nrg1が主に発現していることが分かった。正常マウスにこの遺伝子を強制発現させると糖負荷時の血糖上昇抑制が認められた。この血糖降下はNrg1の糖新生抑制作用によること、切断・分泌されたNrg1の細胞外ドメインが肝細胞自身に働きかけることで発現していることを明らかにした。以上の結果より、肝臓で発現するType1型Nrg1は肝臓局所で作用し肝糖産生能を抑制するヘパトカインであると結論づけた(Arai et al,&nbsp;Sci Rep., 2017)。

  • ニューレグリン1を介した肝臓-膵臓の臓器連関による糖代謝制御機構の解明

    2015   新井 理智, 鈴木 智大, 佐山 慧門, 有村 祐次郎, 大野 友美絵

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    別添参照

  • 脂肪蓄積を制御する新しい低酸素ストレス応答の解明

    2015   横野 航太, 山田 祥子, 横関 京介, 田中 裕子, 橋本 昂士郎

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    肥満は糖尿病や動脈硬化など健康寿命の延伸を妨げる重篤な疾患の共通した基盤病態である。本研究では、肥満の形成・進展における低酸素の病態生理学的意義を明らかにすることを目指し、ショウジョウバエを用いた遺伝的スクリーニングによる新しい低酸素ストレス関連因子の同定とその機能解析に取り組んだ。その結果、脂肪組織において、低酸素ストレス応答の中心分子HIFの恒常的な活性化により惹起された脂肪蓄積抑制にかかわる遺伝子の同定に成功した。また、3T3-L1細胞を用いた解析から、この遺伝子のマウスオロソログの発現抑制が脂肪蓄積を抑制することも見出した。

  • 脂肪蓄積を制御する新しい低酸素ストレス応答の解明

    2014  

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    本研究では、脂肪組織において異常な脂肪蓄積が認められる肥満病態に対する低酸素を標的とした新規治療法の開発を目指して、細胞内の脂肪蓄積に対する低酸素ストレス応答を介した新しい制御機構の解明に取り組んだ。その結果、低酸素ストレス応答の中心分子のHIFの恒常的な活性化が脂肪細胞における脂質蓄積を抑制することを見出した。また、この応答が細胞自律的であること、転写共役因子として機能する分子との相互作用が関与している可能性が明らかになった。さらに、リピドーム解析結果からHIFが量的制御のみならず、脂質の質的制御にも関与している可能性が示された。

  • 低酸素ストレス応答による新しいNAFLD病態制御機構の解明

    2014  

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    本研究では、非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患NAFLDの発症や進展過程における低酸素に対する肝細胞のストレス応答の新しい生物作用を明らかにすることを目指した。その結果、低酸素応答の中心分子HIF-1が、コリン欠乏食誘導性NAFLDの肝脂肪蓄積に対する内因性防御因子として機能することを見出した。また、HIF-1による脂肪蓄積防御機構に、転写共役因子として機能するlipin1の発現亢進を介したペルオキシゾーム内脂肪酸のb酸化制御が関与していることを明らかにした。さらに、リピドーム解析結果から、HIF-1の機能欠損により、肝臓内に超長鎖脂肪酸を含む中性脂肪が異常に蓄積することを見出した。

  • 低酸素応答システムを介した新しい脂質代謝制御機構の探索とその機能の解明

    2013  

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    好気的生物は酸素利用が限られた環境に曝されると、劇的な代謝リモデリングを誘起しエネルギー産生を維持することで生体機能の恒常性を保つ。この代謝リモデリングの制御にかかわる中心的な分子が低酸素誘導性転写制御因子HIFである。本研究では、糖質にならび生体内の重要なエネルギー源である脂質の代謝制御における、HIFによる新しい調節機構の探索とその機能解明を目指した。この目的遂行のために、新たな遺伝学的なin vivoスクリーニング系を確立し、その結果としてHIFが脂肪組織における脂肪細胞および細胞内脂肪滴のサイズの制御にかかわることを見出した。

  • 低酸素応答システムによる肝脂肪蓄積制御の分子基盤の解明

    2011  

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    肝実質細胞に脂質が蓄積した状態は脂肪肝と総称され、肥満、糖尿病、アルコール過剰摂取などの生活習慣に起因する肝疾患の最もありふれた初期病態である。これまで脂肪肝は可逆性の良性肝疾患と捉えられてきたが、しかし近年、慢性化した脂肪肝の一部が脂肪性肝炎、肝硬変、さらには肝細胞がんへと進展することが明らかになり、これらの疾患に対する効果的な治療法や予防法の開発のために脂肪肝発症に係わる分子メカニズムの解明が急務となっている。 これまで我々は、脂肪肝の発症過程で生じる低酸素環境が病態の形成および進展に係わっていると仮説を立て、病態モデルマウスを作成してその検証に取り組んできた。その成果として、生体内における低酸素応答の中心分子であるhypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1)が、アルコール性脂肪肝の進展に対して抑制的に働く防御因子であることを明らかにしてきた。本研究では、HIF-1による肝脂肪蓄積抑制機構に係わる分子メカニズムの解明に取り組んだ。まず、HIF-1欠損マウス(HIFKO)で認められた脂肪蓄積増強機構に、脂肪酸合成系の活性化が関与している可能性を考え、定量的RT-PCR法を用いて遺伝子発現解析を行った。その結果、解析した脂肪酸合成に係わる全ての遺伝子が、エタノール混餌食4週間投与によりコントロールマウスと比較して増加していることが明らかになった。また、エタノール混餌食を2週間投与したHIFKOマウスからの肝臓を同様に解析したところ、脂質代謝の中心的な転写制御因子であるsterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)1cおよび下流の標的遺伝子のacetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC)以外の遺伝子は、エタノール混餌食2週間投与時より減少していることが明らかになった。一方、SREBP1cとACCの遺伝子発現は、エタノール混餌食投与により時間依存性に増加し、4週間の投与によりHIFKOマウスとコントロールマウスの間でさらに発現量の差が著明になることが明らかになった。次に、SREBP1cの制御にアディポネクチンが関与している可能性を考え、血清中アディポネクチン濃度の測定を行った。その結果、コントロールマウスでは食餌投与後2週間に一過性の上昇が認められ、4週間でも投与前より増加していることが明らかになった。一方、HIFKOマウスもコントロールマウスと同様な反応を示し、両者間で差が認められなかった。以上の結果より、エタノール性脂肪肝形成において、肝臓内HIF-1がSREBP1cとACCの遺伝子発現抑制による脂肪酸合成低下を介して病態防御的に機能することが示された。

  • 死細胞から放出されるシグナル分子の同定とその病態生理学的役割の解明

    2011   松田 七美

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    細胞競合とは、増殖が速い生存細胞群(勝ち組)が、増殖が遅く細胞死によって排除される死細胞群(負け組)に競合し、細胞死、細胞の増殖と周期、分化などが統合的に制御されることにより、一定の大きさと機能をもつ器官が形成される現象である。これまでに細胞競合制御因子として、癌遺伝子c-MycのショウジョウバエホモログdMycが報告されているが、その分子機構は不明である。研究分担者である松田は、ショウジョウバエの翅原基、及び培養細胞株を用いて、dMycにより制御される細胞競合モデルを確立し、予備的解析より死細胞-生存細胞間の細胞運命決定に、それぞれの細胞群における1)エネルギー代謝変化、2)分泌因子が関わることを見いだした。本研究では、分子生物学的・生化学的解析、及びメタボローム解析により、競合する死細胞と生存細胞それぞれの細胞特性変化とエネルギー代謝ステータスとの関係の網羅的分析、及び新規細胞競合制御因子の同定と機能解析を行うことより、細胞競合の分子機構の解明を目指した。 ショウジョウバエ培養細胞株S2を用いたin vitro細胞競合モデル系において、勝ち組細胞と負け組細胞におけるエネルギー代謝ステータス解析系の構築を行った。勝ち組となる高dMyc細胞(メタロチオネインプロモーターの下流にdMycを連結させたベクターの導入により、CuSO4処理によりdMycを発現誘導できる安定発現細胞株; pMT-dMyc/S2細胞)と、負け組となる低dMyc細胞(アクチンプロモーターベクターの導入により核移行シグナル付きGFPを恒常的に発現する野生型細胞株; pAc5.1-GFP/S2細胞)を共培養する技術を応用し、3通りの方法((i)直接共培養系、(ii)間接共培養系、及び(iii) 単培養系における直接共培養上清アッセイ系)により、dMycにより制御される細胞競合のモデルを作製した。それぞれのモデルにおいて、細胞死の初期マーカーである活性型カスパーゼ-3抗体による免疫染色、及び細胞増殖解析による細胞特性評価系をセットアップした。(iii) の単培養系における直接共培養上清アッセイ系を用いて、定量的PCR解析により、競合する勝ち組細胞(生細胞)と負け組細胞(死細胞)における糖代謝関連因子について、解析を行った。その結果、勝ち組となる細胞群(生細胞群)において、グルコーストランスポーターGLUT-1、及びGLUT-3の顕著な発現上昇(10&#12316;15倍)がみられ、一方、負け組となる細胞群(死細胞群)においても、GLUT-1、及びGLUT-3の上昇(2&#12316;3倍)がみられることが明らかとなった。さらに、勝ち組、及び負け組の両細胞群において、RNA干渉法によるGLUT-1、及びGLUT-3の機能抑制を行ったところ、勝ち組(生細胞)、あるいは負け組(死細胞)としてのそれぞれの特性が失われ、細胞競合が認められなくなることが明らかとなった。これらの結果は、両細胞群の代謝ステータスの変化が、細胞競合が生じるために必要であることを示唆している。 現在、(iii) の単培養系における直接共培養上清アッセイ系を用いて、勝ち組となる細胞群(生細胞群)、及び負け組となる細胞群(死細胞群)における代謝ステータスの詳細について明らかにするため、メタボローム解析を行うための準備を進めている。

  • 低酸素応答性転写因子HIFを介した肝脂肪蓄積制御機構の解明

    2010  

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    肝臓は生体内で脂肪組織に次いで生理的条件下で脂肪を蓄積する能力を有する臓器である。一方、脂質の過剰摂取、ウイルス性肝炎、糖尿病やアルコール摂取は病的な過剰の脂質沈着を肝臓に引き起こし、所謂‘脂肪肝’と呼ばれる病態になる。これまで脂肪肝は可逆性の良性疾患として捉えられてきたが、近年脂肪肝の遷延は脂肪性肝炎、肝線維症や肝硬変などのさらに進行した病態へと高率に進展することが明らかになってきた。肝移植以外に進行性肝疾患に対する効果的な治療法がない現状では、脂肪肝発症・進展を如何に食い止めるかが緊急の課題となっている。低酸素は循環障害などに起因する絶対的な酸素供給の低下のみならず、酸素供給を上回る酸素消費の増加によっても生じる病態である。脂肪肝では、脂肪蓄積による物理的な肝微小循環傷害と代償性脂質代謝亢進に伴うミトコンドリア酸素消費の増加により肝臓が低酸素状態に陥ることから、低酸素への適応が肝脂肪肝蓄積に係わっていると考えられる。そこで、本研究では肝脂肪蓄積に低酸素により誘導される転写制御因子Hypoxia inducible factor-1(HIF-1)が重要な制御因子として機能しているのではないかと仮説を立て、脂肪肝におけるHIF-1の時空間的局在と病態生理学的意義について、エタノール性脂肪肝モデルを用いて解析を行った。その結果、マウスに5%エタノール混餌食4週間投与を行うと、肝小葉内中心静脈領域がpimonidazoleで強く染色され低酸素に陥っていることが明らかになった。また、この低酸素領域に一致して、核内にHIF-1発現の亢進が認められる肝細胞が局在することが分かった。さらに、HIF-1発現亢進に一致し、HIF-1標的遺伝子のVEGFやPGKの遺伝子発現も増加しており、このことはエタノール投与による脂肪肝発症過程で肝臓が低酸素に陥り、その結果HIF-1の転写活性化が生じることを示唆している。一方、肝臓特異的HIF-1alpha遺伝子マウスは、野生型と比較してエタノール応答性脂肪蓄積が増悪することが、oil red O染色、肝臓および血清脂質量の生化学的解析より明らかになった。このことは、低酸素で活性化される転写制御因子HIF-1がエタノール誘導性肝脂肪蓄積に対する抑制因子として機能していることを示唆している。今後、さらにHIF-1による脂肪肝制御機構について詳細に解析を進める予定である。

  • 細胞内酸素代謝に基づいた新たな低酸素感知・応答機構の解明

    2008  

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    本研究課題では、次の2つの研究プロジェクトを同時に進めてきた。1)低酸素感知・応答機構の生物学的機能の解析昨年度に引き続き、糖尿病下における肝臓内の糖関連酵素発現リモデリングにおける低酸素感受性転写制御因子であるhypoxia inducible factor-1(HIF-1)の生物作用について検討を行った。これまで高糖質・脂質食の短期投与では、HIF-1依存性のグルコキナーゼ発現制御を介して肝臓における糖の取り込みを促進することでHIF-1が血糖降下作用を有することを明らかにしてきたが、今年度は25週間の長期投与を行うことで全身性および肝臓におけるインスリン抵抗性の発症に対するHIF-1の生物作用について検討を進めた。糖負荷試験およびインスリン負荷試験の結果、HIF-1欠損マウスでは肝臓のみならず骨格筋や脂肪組織におけるインスリン抵抗性が増強することが明らかになり、HIF-1が糖尿病抑制因子として機能することが明らかになった。現在、その分子メカニズムについて解析を進めている。2)新規低酸素感知蛋白質の検索HIF-1alphaの特定のプロリン残基が酸素濃度依存的に水酸化されることが低酸素応答の制御に重要であることが明らかにされて以来、この反応機構を触媒するalpha-KG/Fe(II)依存性酸素添加酵素群の中に新規低酸素感知蛋白質が存在する可能性が高まってきている。本研究課題では、プロリン水酸化をターゲットとした酸素センサータンパク質の検索を目的として、プロリン水酸化を特異的に認識する単クローン抗体の作成に取り組んだ。ペプチド抗原を用いたELISAの結果、これまでに少なくとも2種類の候補抗体を得ることができた。現在これらの抗体がHIF-1alphaに代表されるnativeなプロリン水酸化タンパク質を認識できるか否かについて検討を重ねている。この確認が得られた後には、この抗体で免疫沈降されるタンパク質の同定を質量分析により明らかにしていく予定である。

  • HIF-1 による肝内糖代謝リモデリング制御機構の解明

    2007  

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     本研究課題では、糖尿病下における肝臓内の糖関連酵素発現リモデリングにおける生体内低酸素感受性転写制御因子であるhypoxia inducible factor-1(HIF-1)の生物作用について、肝臓特異的にHIF-1活性を欠失させた遺伝子改変マウス(HIFKO)を用いて検討を行った。その結果、通常食摂取したHIFKOマウスは、空腹時血糖(FBS)、経口糖負荷試験(OGTT)およびインスリン負荷試験(ITT)で、コントロールマウスと同等の血糖変化を示し、また主要な肝臓内糖関連酵素の発現量とその発現分布には大きな変化が認められなかった。一方、高糖質・脂質食(HFSD)を5週間摂取させた場合、コントロールマウスと比較してFBSおよびITTでは有意な変化は認められなかったが、OGTTでは投与後1時間まで有意な血糖上昇が認められた。OGTT時の初期インスリン分泌能は両群間において全く変化なかったが、後期インスリン分泌はHIFKOマウスにおいて上昇傾向が認められた。一方、単位面積当たりの膵臓のラ氏島数および&#61538;細胞陽性率には、両群間において大きな変化は認められなかった。これらの結果は、HIFKOマウスにおいて認められた血糖クリアランス能の低下は、膵臓のインスリン分泌能の低下および骨格筋・脂肪組織などの末梢臓器におけるインスリン感受性の低下がプライマリーな原因ではなく、肝臓自身の糖処理能力の減少によるものであると考えられた。そこで、HFSD食5週間投与後の肝臓における主要な糖関連酵素発現を、遺伝子およびタンパク質レベルで詳細に解析を行った。その結果、低酸素に応答してHIF-1依存性に発現変化する代表的な解糖系酵素phosphoglycerate kinaseやpyruvate kinaseの発現は、HFSD投与によりHIFKOおよびコントロールマウスにおいてほんの僅かであるが上昇するものの、両群間において差は認められなかった。しかし、肝細胞へのグルコース取り込みを制御するglucokinase発現については、コントロールマウスでは5倍程度誘導が認められたものの、HIFKOマウスではこのような誘導が完全に抑制されていたことが明らかになった。以上の結果より、HIF-1は糖尿病発症初期に誘導され、肝臓におけるグルコース取り込みを制御することで、血糖降下作用を有していることが明らかになった。

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