Our research revealed that externships are the most prevalent method of clinical legal education in Japan, and that their utmost challenge is to assure the quality of educational contents in field placement offices. Our research also found that the American law schools are headed toward making clinical courses required for students to graduate from law school. In European countries, faculties of law began to introduce the clinical pedagogy to the professional legal education in their respective tradition of the lecture-oriented method of doctrinal instructions. In our research on the collaboration in the medical/legal education, we began to develop a program to provide legal literacy for physicians and medical service providers to understand legal nature of physicians/patients disputes within the legal framework. We also began to develop a program to provide collaborative trainings by lawyers and clinical psychologists for mediators in family courts in Japan

Our research project aimed at (1) to construct an integrated method of healthcare ethics, (2) to test the practicability of the method, and (3) to test the legal compatibility of the method. As the five-years outcome of the project, we developed a modified “four quadrants” that had been proposed by Jonsen et al to fit Japanese clinical context, and a “narrative protocol” that requires healthcare providers to carefully analyze how the case is experienced by individuals in different positions by means of collecting narratives. We also published research papers on clinical and legal analysis of ethical issues regarding Hansen’s disease (leprosy), terminal care, and genetic medicine

Our critical study of laws and guidelines on End-of-Life decision making revealed that: (1) No slippery slope effect occurs if there is trust in the doctor-patient relationship and transparency is secured throughout the procedure; (2) Palliative care and euthanasia are not mutually exclusive but are deemed integral part of good end-of-life care; (3) Nevertheless, the slippery slope hypothesis cannot be totally dispelled because doctors do not necessarily gain their patients' consents before they withdraw or withhold treatment, or practice life-shortening palliative care, even though they are normal medical practices. Thus, it is concluded that the best way to secure "a high quality of death" is to establish systems to ensure transparency in all medical end-of-life care, including these normal medical practices

1. We investigated particularly following matters:the historic and comparative research of Jury System in U.K., Germany, France, U.S.A. and Japan. Investigation of Rules of Evidence, Appeal and Sentencing in Jury System.2. We held the meeting for the research of Jury System jointly with specialists several times. In this meeting, we discussed and analyzed grounds of introduction of Jury System into England, France, U.S.A., and Germany, and it's effects to modern criminal justice.3. We collected continuously foreign and Japanese literatures on Jury System.4. We researched positively judicial precedents using "Shadow Jury".Parts of our research results were published in journals and books in 1992

1 Members of the research project (each responsible for a certain area of inquiry) met several times for informal sessions and formal research discussions, at which a number of logical points of contention became evident regarding socio-political policy toward the issue of Assisted Procreation. One result of the research effort is this report. All project members share the opinion that their findings are accurately reflected in the completed report.2 The most tangible, significant accomplishment of the project has been the editing and publication of this report, which contains 15 Recommendations. After the organizing og project members into working groups, fact-finding investigations and analysis of information proceeded. Following several research sessions and general meetings, a final draft of the report was completed in late 1993. Previous to that, legal and medical experts, lawyers, feminist groups, sociologists, and a broad selection of knowledgeable persons in the society at large were asked for their views andopinions. Ideas were solicited and exchanged via study sessions and questionnaire surveys. Project members made every effort to incorporate the information obtained into the report. This set of recommendations has already become a subject of discussion at conferences of medical specialists, and has also been scheduled for publication (accompanied by a commentary) in a legal affairs journalin the near future. It is expected that these recommendations will attract much attention and generate debate in various professional circles. It is also hoped that they prove to be an initial step toward the enactment of suitable Assisted Procreation laws in Japan.3 This project has been quite successful in terms of collecting books, reference material, and other information relating to legal research about Assisted Procreation and moves toward enactment of legislation in foreign countries. The laws of various foreign countries (which have seldom been introduced to Japan) were gathered, translated, and brought togather in a special collection of reference material.4 This project was also able to gather a variety of other useful information which has been compiled in a separate collection

The subject of this research is to analyze the dispute resolution system in the United States from two perspectives ; the judiciary system itself and the professional who sustain the system.1 About the judiciary ; We observed the process of the jury system, which we believe is integrated deeply not only to the spirit, but also to the real function of the American democracy. Nevertheless, the process is maintained by heavy sacrifice of time and cost of the court, and the citizens who serve as jury. The demand for effective resolution of disputes necessitate the application of several ADR (Alternative Dispute Resolution) system, including court annexd arbitrage system, small claim courts, and even plea bargaining in the criminal procedures.2 About the professionals ; The legal professionals in the United States may be characterized by the fierce competition within the professionals and the consequential professionalization of legal business. (1) The fierce competition among the professionals may be one reason of the litigation addicted socienty. But such competition may also mobilize the legal innovation in fields such as sexual or racial discrimination, consumer protection, exploring the way to court and recovery for the otherwise deserted. (2) Professionalization and competition surely strengthen the quality of the legal service provided by the professional not only in the court, but also in many legal service outside of the court, including documentation of contracts, wills, and trusts, and wide fields of consulting. The latter is worthy of notice as the Japanese legal profession is under pressure for self innovation

1. In 1997, I have consolidated the foundation of culpability, and could hold the symposium under the theme of "A Synthetic Study on the Negligent Crime Theorie" with four scholars, who are at home in Crime of Negligence. The result was published on KEIHO ZASSIII (JOUNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW) Vol.38 No.1 (1998). My theme was to analyze the changes of negligent responsibility and to ask again the essence of the responsibility of negligence (see Chapter 1 in Report). Further I could distinguish "Recklessness" and "Negligence without Knowledge" by pursuiting the essence of the responsibility of negligence and the unpunishability of the latter (see Chapter 2 in Report). In 1999, I have translated the German Book "Das Schuldprinzip" (of Arthur Kaufmann) into Japanese and published it from Kyushu University Publishing Firm. The translation is now highly evaluated.2. As particular studies, I have firstly cosiderated on fire accidents, especially the relation "rule of truth" and responsibility of negligence (see Chapter 3 in Report). Here I showed model of responsibility of negligence about the superintendents in organizations. Secondarily, as a problem in a compound sphere of intention and negligence, I examined the necessity of occurrence of public danger in arson from the viewpoint of substantive culpability (Chapter 4 in Report). And thirdly, I analyzed the decision of "CASE OF KINTETSU-IKOMA-TUNNEL FIRE" (Chapter 5 in Report). Incidentally, I and other study group have translated the english book "Medical Accidents" into Japanese and published it from NAKANISIIIYA. This is very highly paid attention to by many medical staff etc

The purpose of this study was to investigate the medical accidents in home health care, and to analyze the obligation of visiting nurses from the legal point of view.We investigate the number of incidents and accidents by visiting nurses and home-helpers in home health care. A questionnaire surveys were conducted from September to October in 1999 for 247 visiting nurses and from July to August in 2000 for 479 home-helpers.The numbers of incidents and accidents by visiting nurses were 264 and 62 respectively. Most of the accidents were mistakes that related to medication. Also the numbers of incidents and accidents by home-helpers were 720 and 547 respectively. There are some illegal practice by home-helpers.According to revision of the Medical Law, it is presumed that the patients' home are the place of medical treatment. That need the risk management to indemnify against medical accidents for the patients at home.The visiting nurses are admitted their discretion fairly by The Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. If the medical accidents are occurred by visiting nurses, they have to be liable to their negligence.The key of performing home health care is that visiting nurses are more nourished and encouraged to have sophisticated sense of their services to insure patients' safety

In my "Total Study on Medical Criminal Law : Crossover between Self-determination and Paternalism", I have gained some significant research product.Firstly, in the general part I have considered on the thought and doctrine of self-determination and reported on it in Japannese Criminal Association(2001). My thought that self-determination is important but not almighty was widely understood.Secndarily, I am now running a serial on medical criminal law in the law journal "Gendai-Keijiho". Here 1 have discussed various problems, especially medical treatment, refusal of blood transfusion, humanexperimentation or clinical trial, medical accident and so on.Thirdly, 1 have published my studies on medical accident and harmful effects of a medicine HlV-Case. These studies caused some impact in Japan.Fourthly, 1 have published my book "Euthanasia and Criminal Law" (Seibundo). This is one book of a series of my study "Medical Criminal Law Study".Lastly, I have published some articles on issues of human-cloning, ES-cell and so on

人体構成体・遺伝情報・DNAの保護と利用の法的・倫理的側面に焦点を当てた比較法的研究を行い、以下のような成果を得た。(1) 2004年にゲノム解析完了宣言が出され、ポストゲノム社会を迎えた今日、遺伝子診断や遺伝子検査は加速度的に普及しつつあり、予知医学,　親子鑑定,　犯罪捜査の分野におけるDNA鑑定も定着しつつある。他方、遺伝子特許,　ゲノム創薬,　遺伝情報を用いたビジネスをめぐる諸問題も生じつつある。これにどのように対処するか、という点にスポットを当てて、国際シンポジウム「ポストゲノム時代に向けた比較医事法の展開―文化葛藤の中のルール作り――」を早稲田大学比較法研究所５０周年記念シンポジウムの一環として2008年6月28日－29日に早稲田大学にて開催し、企画・総合司会・報告を行った。日本の学者６名、オーストラリア、ドイツ、ニュージーランド、フィリピンの学者による、まさに学際的な比較医事法シンポジウムになった。この成果は、2009年度に信山社から『ポスト・ゲノム社会と医事法』と題して刊行されるよていである。(2) 「欧米における遺伝情報の保護と利用をめぐる議論――日本が目指すべき方向――」と題して、2008年6月20日、国立がんセンターで開催された第14回日本家族性腫瘍学会において、招待講演を行い、好評を得た（後掲論文参照）。(3) 2008年9月4日には、クロアチアのリエカ大学で開催された第９回世界生命倫理会議および第５回国際臨床生命倫理学会において、Legal Protection and Use of Genetic Information and DNA と題する報告を行った。 　　　　　　　　 (4) 2009年3月12日には、Model of regulation on Medical Innovation/Medical Research from the Perspective of Comparative Law　と題して、台湾の中央科学院（台北市・Academia Sinica)で開催された第5回国際臨床倫理コンサルテーション学会において研究成果を報告した。3月9日から13日にかけて20ヶ国から参加した専門家との議論も行った。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

(1) 生命の発生をめぐる生命倫理と法規制のあり方について、主としてイギリスにおける治療的ヒトクローン技術の応用と法的・倫理的規制の枠組を中心に研究をした。その成果は、2004年6月6日に金沢大学において開催された第67回比較法学会シンポジウム「生命倫理と法」で報告し、「生命倫理と法－－イギリス」と題して、比較法学会誌の比較法研究66号に掲載した。また、より詳細な研究成果を「イギリスにおけるヒト胚研究の規制の動向」と題して比較法学38巻2号に発表している。なお、関連論稿として、デレク・モーガン「バイオエコノミーを規制すること－－バイオテクノロジーと法との関係の予備的評価」を法律時報77巻4号に永水裕子氏と共訳で掲載した（いずれも後掲参照）。(2) 最先端の生命科学技術、特に生命の発生の周辺の問題は、進歩が早く、倫理的・法的ルール作りが追いつかない現状にある。固い規制で縛りをかけ過ぎると、人類に取り有益と見込まれる研究の阻害となり、緩すぎると、人権侵害ないし「人間の尊厳」に抵触する倫理的・法的諸問題を引き起こす。本研究では、イギリスの判例や報告書等の分析動向を主たる素材として、両者の調和を図るには、ハードローとソフトローの組合わせが必要であることを論証した。(3) イギリスでは、生殖補助医療については、Human Fertilisation and Emryology Act 1990を受けてHuman Fertilisation and Emryology Authority　という認可機関が管理し、認可違反について刑事規制を行うシステムを作り出した。それでもなおその枠に収まりきれない問題、例えばES細胞を用いた研究や治療的クローンの問題については、『幹細胞研究の実証的研究に関する英国上院委員会報告書』が2002年に出され、その勧告に即して柔軟な対応が行われている。日本でも、この手法は大いに参考になる。