Abstract: Undergraduate international students studying the sciences at universities need to gain a command of fundamental specialized terms equivalent to the high school graduate level. This study attempted to identify a list of vocabulary that should be learned in order to gain a command of fundamental mathematics terms in an efficient manner. The study drew on indexes of terms from 90 junior and senior high school textbooks in four mathematics-related subjects, and identified 328 target terms listed in 50% or more of the indexes for each individual subject. These accounted for approximately 32% of all terms.

The purpose of this study was to compile, for the reference of international students receiving specialized training in science or engineering in Japanese, a list of essential technical terms as contained in collocations, complete with their usage. "Technical collocation" means a grouping of words, such as onpa ga tsutawaru ("sound waves are transmitted"), that consists of technical vocabulary in combination with ordinary vocabulary, that as a phrase expresses a specialized concept, and that therefore needs to be defined as atechnical usage.First, technical terms were selected as raw material for a survey of technical collocations. The indices of all 118 2002 editions of the high school textbooks for the courses Physics IB, Physics II, Chemistry IB. Chemistry II, Mathematics I, Mathematics II, and Mathematics III were consulted as source material ; terms listed in the indices of half or more of the textbooks for a particular subject were then selected for the survey. Roughly one quarter of the total technical vocabulary used in each of the three subjects was earmarked for further investigation.・Physics : 434 terms out of 1739・Chemistry : 739 terms out of 2673・Mathematics : 174 terms out of 771Next, a survey was conducted to identify technical collocations containing the technical terms in question. Sample sentences containing these terms were excerpted from the text data of the above textbooks ; an analytical program was then used to isolate technical collocations, such as onpa ga kikoeru ("sound waves can be heard"). If a collocation appeared in two or more textbooks, three experts in each of the subjects were asked to rule on whether it constituted a technical collocation. These experts were unanimous in ruling as collocations 3520 word groupings containing a total of 803 technical terms in the three subjects of physics, chemistry, and mathematics, the breakdown being as follows :Physics : 1152 collocations (containing 243 terms) out of 2718Chemistry : 1824 collocations (containing 429 terms) out of 4304Mathematics : 544 collocations (containing 131 terms) out of 105

Kabunushi (Shareholder) and "koteibuai" (official discount rate) are among the basic technical terms taught in civic courses at Japanese junior high schools. However, they are not taught in ordinary Japanese language courses, with the result that foreign students in Japan advance to university with out knowing these terms. Although there are dictionaries of technical terms that give information on such terms, existing dictionaries include no explanation of how the terms are used. This makes it difficult for overseas students to learn how to use them. The purpose of this research was to create a "Dictionary of Technical Collocations" that would solve this kind of problem, and to develop ways of using it. The dictionary would show how technical terms are used in the form of technical collocations (collocations of words indicating technical concepts), such as "to raise the official discount rate".The original plan was to create a dictionary based on examples of usage of technical collocations take from newspaper articles and university general economics textbooks, produced with the previous grant for science research costs. However, when attempting to create sample sentences from these examples of usage, they could not be used as the content was either too advanced or too topical. There fore, we gathered collocations of technical terms from the economics sections of 17 political economy texts used in senior high schools. Technical collocations were judged in accordance with the results of the previous survey and the frequency of the new collocations.We planned to create a dictionary that would focus on a small number of basic technical terms with the target of efficiently catching up with Japanese students. We prepared sample sentences with technical collocations including several technical terms, along with check questions, and asked the opinions of overseas students on these. Based on the results of this, we created a dictionary of Technical collocation for learning technical collocations including 62 technical terms. With this, the research period came to an end, and we were unable to develop methods of use

The question of how to teach vocabulary is a najor topic in teaching technical Japanese. It is necessary to teach not only the coceptual content of technical vocabulary such as Koosai 'governuient bond' but also the concept of technical folinulae which contain technical vocabulary such as Koosai o hakkoo-suru 'issue governnent bonds'However, a set view on nature of technical formulae, in particular, the rage of and procudures for the identifying technical formulea, have not yet to be established. The data presented in this paper is the result of taking 5515 formulae, comprising 95 basic economic terms, and having then judged by three professional economists as to whether they can or cannot be considered technical formulae. The technical terms used were taken from economic artichles in newspaper, as well, as high school and college economic textbooks

Present report contains the findings of the study of summary surveys by Korean learners of Japanese language in 1988. This study was done by comparing the data with the data of a similar survey done by Japanese university students. The report mainly concerns typology of the content structure of the summaries, and the error analysis.1. The criteria for definition of "content identification units" (CIU), used to identify the elements of the original text in respective summaries, were thoroughly reconsidered and reclassified into 10 classes containing 23 different criteria. The order of application of the criteria was also established. Next, the data of Korean and Japanese summary surveys of the 6 original texts were reanalyzed with the help of the newly defined CIUs. Thus "content survival frequencies" for each CIU were obtained and reexamined using two kinds of chi-square method.2. As the result of 1, three types of CIUs emerged : the "obligatory", the "supplementary" and the "other" CIUs. On the basis of "obligatory" CIUs and their distribution (presence or absence) in the "initial", "middle" and "final" segments of the summaries, a classification of the content structure of the summaries was attempted. The result-including the comparison with the Japanese data was as follows. A majority of the Japanese summaries of the 6 original texts display rather clearly defined patterns of the "obligatory" CIU distribution over the three types of segments. Compared with this, ddata of Korean learners display different patterns, showing that the capacity of Korean learners for understanding the originals has in general not been sufficient.3. The errors found in Korean learners' summary data were classified and stored in a database, with the help of which the trends in error making were further examined. There seems to be some connection between the type of errors and the type of content structure of summaries according to the classification in 2. The summaries of Korean learners display different characteristics both in expression and understanding of the original texts, compared with the data of Japanese students