This article mainly discusses the Ji Zhu Hou Han (集注後漢) of Liu Zhao (劉昭), which is an interpretation of Hou Han Shu (後漢書) of Fan Ye (范曄), and the Hou Han Shu Zhu (後漢書注) of the Zhanghuai, the Crown-Prince Li Xian (章懷太子李賢). Through the ages these two books have been considered as important historical records for research on the periods of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Some relevant issues, however, such as the compilation of the book, the illustration of the content, and the background of the author, have not received adequate attention either in China or in Japan. Only a few scholars have conducted some partial research on these issues so far, and no one has conducted comprehensive research on them. Therefore, the purpose of this article is not only to explore the background of Liu Zhao and Li Xian and the content of the Ji Zhu Hou Han and Hou Han Shu Zhu, but also to analyze the relationship between the two interpretations of Li Xian and Liu Zhao, which fills a gap in the history of Chinese historiography.The first part (Chapter 1- Chapter 5) discusses Liu Zhao (劉昭) and the ‘Ji Zhu Hou Han.（集注後漢）’ as follows.
Chapter 1 ‘Liu Shi（劉氏） and Liu Zhao（劉昭） from Pinyuan Gao Tang（平原高唐）’ discussed Liu Zhao’s unity of descendants in Pin Yuan Gao Tang Liu Shi (平原高唐劉氏) and his family, which shows the background of Liu Zhao. It also illustrates the background of the two sons and the two grandsons of Liu Zhao. The above research ascertains the fact that the ancestor of Pin Yuan Gao Tang Liu Shi was the son of Emperor Zhang （章帝）in Eastern Han, and was also the descendent of Emperor Ji Bei Hui Wang Liu Shou（濟北惠王劉壽）－ Jin Tai Wei Liu Shi (晉大尉劉寔). The sixth generation of Liu Shi, who was Liu Zhao’s great-grandfather, together with Liu Zhao’s grandfather, lived at Jing Kou （京口）as WandubeilaiHanmen（晩渡北來寒門）in the late Eastern Jin （東晉）Dynasty. Later, he became a general of Liu Yu (劉裕) and served notably in the establishment of the Song Dynasty. In addition, the research also explains the background of Liu Zhao’s father Liu Biao (劉彪), who flourished in the Qi・Liang (齊梁) period. Finally, the chapter illustrates that Liu Zhao was put in an important position under Emperor Liang Wu Di（梁武帝） and Lin ChuanWang Xiao Hong (臨川王蕭宏) and discusses the background of the two sons (Liu Tao 劉縚 and Liu Yuan 劉缓) and the two grandsons (Liu MinYing 劉民英 and Liu MinYu 劉民譽) of Liu Zhao, who were famous for their literary talents.

Chapter 2 ‘The Presentation and Compilation of Liu Zhao’s Ji Zhu Hou Han（集注後漢)’ discusses the compilation process of the Ji Zhu Hou Han and the condition of its presentation to Emperor Liang Wu Di. Firstly, this chapter researches the name of Ji Zhu Hou Han, and from the contrast of Liu Zhao’s Official experience with the interpretation of the Ji Zhu Hou Han, we can speculate that this book was written around the Emperor Liang Wu Di era from 511 to 518. In addition, this chapter discusses the examples in the interpretation regarding the use of the word BiHui (避諱) for Emperor Liang Wu Di(Xiao Yan蕭衍) and Prince Xiao Hong(蕭宏). The discussion leads to the conclusion that this book was written for Emperor Liang Wu Di, and was immediately presented to Emperor Liang Wu Di. No corrections were made after that.

Chapter 3 ‘Liu Zhao Ji Zhu Hou Han Bu Zhi–―Hou Han Shu Bu Cheng Kao （後漢書補成考)’―― discusses Hou Han Bu Zhi Xu (後漢書注補志序), the ending article attached with the Ji Zhu Hou Han, which was written by Liu Zhao himself about Bu Zhi （補志）with a comprehensive description about Liu Zhao’s Hou Han Shu. The book also considers Liu Zhao’s view of history books and his recognition that Zhi Bu (志部) plays a central role in the official history. Liu Zhao realized the phenomenon that among all the books about the late Han Dynasty, the Hou Han Shu written by Fan Ye（范曄） featured the best contents, which, unfortunately, were lacking in the Zhi Bu. In order to remedy this defect, Liu Zhao referred to two complementary books Shi Ji (史記) and Han Shu (漢書), and then worked to supplement the Zhi Bu. Liu Zhao intended to write the Bu Zhu on his own, but was unable to finish it. He selected and referred to Xu Han Shu Ba Zhi (續漢書八志) by Si Ma Biao (司馬彪) among all the Bu Zhi of Hou Han Shu because it was highly recommended by Fan Ye. Liu Zhao added the Zhi Bu to the Ji Zhuan Bu (紀傳部) of the Hou Han Shu, and remedied the defects of the Hou Han Shu, which was lacking in the Zhi Bu, which thus makes this book the only comprehensive contemporary official history about the Eastern Han Dynasty in the present age. Detailed methods were used in the book about the Bu Zhi and the insertion interpretation – large characters were used for the main body of Hou Han Shu Ji Zhuan Bu （後漢書紀傳部）and Xu Han Shu Ba Zhi, and small characters were used for annotation. Further, speculation can be made by the location of Ba Zhi that Liu Zhao thought Hou Han Shu should be fixed by its original format, therefore, it was arranged according to the order of Di Hou Ji, (帝后紀), Lie Zhuan (列傳), and Ba Zhi（八志）.

Chapter 4 ‘A Few Remarks on the Hou Han shu （後漢書） by Liu Zhao（劉昭） ―― A Discussion on Ji Zhu Hou Han （集注後漢）――’

discusses the interpretation part of Ji Zhu Hou Han. Liu Zhao Zhu was constructed by Ba Zhi Zhu（八志注）, and it was discovered by the analysis of Ba Zhi Zhu. In Ji Zhu Hou Han, the Ji Zhuan Zhu of Hou Han Shu shared the same structure as the Ba Zhi Zhu of Xu Han Shu, therefore Ba Zhi Zbu should be absorbed by Hou Han Shu, and it was completely different and had no connection with Ji Zhuan Bu of Xu Han Shu. Also, the interpretation parts in Ji Zhuan Zhu and Ba Zhi Zhu were different in length, and Ba Zhi Zhu was more detailed than Ji Zhuan Zhu. In addition, the basic feature of Liu Zhao Zhu is the following: The anecdotal from the main body was widely selected, but the interpretation for sentences and affairs did not account for the main content. In addition, Liu Zhao Zhu reflects the tradition of Jiang Nan Zhu Shi Xue (江南注釋學), the features of which are not to brag about the authors’ abundant knowledge, or to reach conclusions easily due to era differences or ability deficiencies, but to clearly mark “unknown” issues to be judged by later scholars or readers. These features show Liu Zhao’s thinking about annotation, and his genuine and matter-of-fact attitude remained the same when he wrote the annotation for Ba Zhi of Si Ma Biao (司馬彪). From the annotation to Ba Zhi of Fan Ye Shi Zhi (范曄十志), Liu Zhao made the Hou Han Shu by Fan Ye the prominent history book of the time. In addition, to avoid the loss of historical records, Liu Zhao made the historical data collection of Ji Zhu Hou Han, which also made a great contribution to later generations.

Chapter 5 ‘The Annotation and Commentary of Liu Zhao “Hou Han Shu Bu Zhi Xu（後漢書注補志序）” ’ is taken from several sources including original articles, Kun -readings（訓讀）, translations, and Tong Shi (通釋) in order to comprehensively interpret the Hou Han Shu Bu Zhi Xu attached to Ji Zhu Hou Han while also discussing Liu Zhao’s purpose of making this Xu. In conclusion, although Liu Zhao showed courtesy when making the annotation, he demonstrated the significance of writing annotation by introducing the compiling history of Bu Zhi from Shi Ji BaShu (史記八書) to Han Shu Shi Zhi (漢書十志), and we can see his confidence and his reserved manner towards the writing of Ji Zhu Hou Han（集注後漢）.

The second part (Chapter 6 – Addition 2) discusses Zhang Huai Taizi Li Xian(章懷太子李賢) and Hou Han Shu Zhu（後漢書注） as follows:

Chapter 6 ‘The Eight Sons and Three Daughters of Tang Gao Zong（唐高宗）and Zhang Huai the Crown-Prince Li Xian（章懷太子李賢）’ discusses the character Tang Tai Zhang Huai Prince Li Xian, who was previously paid less attention to, together with the deeds of his brothers and sisters. First of all, the chapter introduces the strict emperor education that Li Xian received during his childhood, and compares Li Xian with his two brothers (Li Zhong 李忠 and Li Hong 李弘) based on the selection and abolishment of the crown prince. In addition, the chapter introduces Li Xian’s entire life and his two concubines. From Hou Han Shu Zhu we can tell that the division between Li Xian and his mother Ze Tian Wu Hou (則天武后) was intensified due to his accusation against Ze Tian Wu Hou and Wu Shi （武氏）Group, which caused his abolishment from the position of the crown prince. He was demoted and moved to Ba Zhou, and finally committed suicide.

Chapter 7 ‘A Study of the Crown Prince Li Xian (李賢)’s Two Spouses and Three Sons, and His Posthumous Title of the Crown-Prince Zhang Huai (章懷)―― Mainly Based on the Gravestone of Zhang Shi Shen Dao Bei (張氏神道碑), and on the Two Tomb Inscriptions of Yong Wang (雍王) and Zhang Huai (章懷)――’ discusses the characters of the two concubines of Li Xian, Nan Yang Zhang Shi (南陽張氏) and Qing He Fang Shi (清河房氏), and the deeds of his three sons (Guang Shun光順, Shou Li守禮, Shou Yi守義) based on the analysis of Tang Shu (唐書), Zi Zhi Tong Jian (資治通鑑), the Zhang Huai Prince Liang Di Zhang Shi Shen Dao Monument (章懷太子良娣張氏神道碑) of Wen Yuan Jing Hua (文苑精華), and the Da Tang Gu Yong Prince Epigraph unearthed from Zhang Huai Prince Li Xian’s tomb. Especially the second son Li Shou Li（李守禮）, together with Rui Zong’s (睿宗) five sons, were trapped by Wu Ze Tian Wu Hou （則天武后）in Luo Yang Palace （洛陽宮）for up to ten years. Later on, by entering into an alliance with his cousin Li Long Ji（李隆基）, Shou Li（守禮） received significant status in court and the Li Shi Family during the period from the late Zhong Zong (中宗) Dynasty to Rui Zong of the Xuan Zong (玄宗) Dynasty. In addition, with Wu Ze Tian Hou’s growing age and worsening illness and Zhong Zong’s return to power, Li Xian’s honor was restored and he was buried in the Qian Ling (乾陵) tombs. The chapter also discusses the epitaph and rewrite of the Prince Yong Epigraph and describs the WuWei (武韋) Group’s objection to the Rewrite represented by Wu San Si (武三思) and Wei Hou (韋后). In the same way, through the analysis of the Epigraph and Rewrite of the Zhang Huai Epigraph, the chapter discusses the great power of Princess Tai Pin（太平公主） that suppressed the imperial authority of his elder brother Rui Zong.

Chapter 8 ‘A Study of the Crown Prince Li Xian (李賢)’s “Hou Han Shu Zhu(後漢書注),” ’ comprehensively discusses Li Xian’s Hou Han Shu Zhu in order to ascertain the full view of the book. As a foundation, we first investigated how the writing group was selected by Li Xian to decide the structure of Hou Han Shu, and ascertained the reason why he did not continue with Liu Zhao’s Bu Zhi （八志）and excluded the Zhi Bu（）. Later on, we confirmed the annotation index and Bi Hui Zi (避諱字) of the Hou Han Shu, and then researched the instruction of referring to Bie Ji (别記） in the annotation, and fully studied the entire annotation of such notes as “Not Same” And “Not Same As This.” Finally, we proved all of the critiques against Wu Ze Tian and Wai Qi (外戚) hidden in the annotation based on the clue of the character “Jin（今）,”, which showed up frequently in Li Xian Zhu（李賢注）.

Chapter 9 ‘Li Xian Zhu (李賢注) and Liu Zhao(劉昭), Yan Shi Gu (顔師古), Li Shan three Zhu (李善三注)――The Influence of Annotation book to Li Xian’ mentioned above discusses the annotation methods of annotation books such as Liu Zhao’s Ji Zhu Hou Han inherited by Li Xian’s Hou Han Shu Zhu, Yan Shi Gu’s Han Shu Zhu, and Li Shan’s Wen Xuan Zhu (文選注). The first part discusses the relationship between Li Xian Zhu and Liu Zhao Zhu, especially concentrated on the loss of Ji Zhu Hou Han because of the writing of Hou Han Shu Zhu and Liu Zhao’s opinion regarding annotation, which was inherited from Li Xian. The second part discusses the influence of Yan Shi Gu Zhu on Li Xian Zhu. The third part discusses the influence of Li Shan Zhu on Li Xian Zhu, and finally we conclude that Li Xian’s quote of the two Zhus above was plagiarism.

Chapter 10 ‘The Two Epigraph of the Crown Prince Li Xian (李賢)’ discusses the excavation, content, and value as a historic record of the Da Tang Prince Gu Yong Epigraph (大唐故雍王墓誌) and Da Tang Gu Zhang Huai Prince Bing Fei Qing He Fang Shi Epigraph (大唐故章懷太子并妃清河房氏墓誌), which were discovered in Zhang Huai Prince Li Xian’s tomb. There are multiple opinions about the age at death of Li Xian in such historic books as Tang Shu and Zi Zhi Tong Jian without a clear conclusion. The author did some analysis about the Zhi (志), Xu (序), Ming (銘) and Rewrite of the two epigraphs and was certain that Li Xian died at the age of 31. In addition, some fresh material about the Tang Dynasty indicates the existence of Li Xian Fu Quan Pai (李賢復權派), the value of which was ascertained by the author as well.

Addition 1 The ‘Da Tang Gu Yong Prince Epigraph’ Annotation discusses the Da Tang Gu Yong Prince Epigraph unearthed from the tomb of Prince Zhang Huai in the early 1970s. The bottom of the lid of the epigraph is 90×90 centimeters, and 20 centimeters thick. There are three lines on the lid with three characters in each line. The nine characters ‘Da Tang Gu/Yong Wang Mu/ Zhi Zhi Min’ (大唐故/雍王墓/誌之銘) were engraved on the lid. There are forty lines on Zhi Xu Ming （誌序銘）with forty-one characters per line, 1,416 in total. The author and calligrapher of Zhi Xu Ming were unknown, and it can be speculated that the author belonged to the Li Xian Goup. Based on this opinion, the article discusses that this Zhi Xu Ming should be used as new material for the Tang Dynasty historical records, and makes an annotation from several aspects, such as Shi Wen (釋文), Kun -readings（訓讀）, Yu Shi (語釋), and Tong Shi（通釋）.

Addition 2 The ‘Da Tang Gu Zhang Huai Prince Bing Fei Qing He Fang Shi Epigraph’ Annotation discusses the Da Tang Gu Zhang Huai Prince Bing Fei Qing He Fang Shi Epigraph unearthed from the tomb of Prince Zhang Huai. The bottom of the lid of the epigraph is 87×87 centimeters, and 17 centimeters thick. There are four lines on the lid with four characters in each line. The nine characters ‘Da Tang Gu Zhang/Huai Tai Zi Bing/Qing He Fang/Shi Mu Zhi Min’ (大唐故章/懷太子并/妃清河房/氏墓誌銘) were engraved on the lid. There are thirty-four lines on Zhi Xu Ming （誌序銘）with thirty-four characters per line, 998 in total. The author of the Zhi Xu Ming is Lu Can（盧粲）, and the calligrapher is Li Fan（李範）. Based on this, the article discusses that this Zhi Xu Ming should be made a historical record, and makes an annotation from several aspects such as Shi Wen, Kun -readings, and Yu Shi, and Tong Shi.

　 私は、拙著『後漢書劉昭注李賢注の研究』（汲古書院、2013年）の第7章第1節「李賢墓壁画に見える房氏と張氏」および「九条家旧蔵鈔本『後漢書』断簡と原本の日本将来について―李賢『後漢書注』の禁忌と解禁から見る―」（『中国学術の東アジア伝播と古代日本』所収、勉誠出版、2019）、「章懐太子李賢と李賢墓壁画」（『研究年誌』64号、早稲田大学高等学院、2020年）、「章懐太子李賢と兄弟姉妹および妃嬪三子」（『研究年誌』65号、早稲田大学高等学院、2021年）において章懐太子李賢墓の墓室壁画の分析を通じて高宗・武周・中宗・睿宗・玄宗期に至る時代（649～712）の権力闘争、社会風俗、国際関係について文献史料だけでは確認できない新情況を明らかにした。　 今次は、上記研究によって蓄積した唐代の出土資料（特に墓葬、墓誌、壁画など）および伝世抄本等の研究成果を用いて古代日本における墓室壁画、出土資料、将来文献などの比較・考察・将来情況などを考察することを目標とし、その研究基盤となる国内研究調査行として、①古都飛鳥保存財団(高松塚壁画館・奈良県高市郡明日香村）の調査情報交換②キトラ古墳壁画体験館 四神の館(奈良県高市郡明日香村）)の調査情報交換③奈良文化財研究所・京都大学人文科学研究所等に収蔵される唐代墓碑誌拓本および画像資料等の調査情報交換。　を予定した。ただし残念ながらコロナ蔓延により研究調査行が思うように実施できなかったため、自宅および勤務先における収集資料の整理、データ化、論文執筆をおこなった。　

　2020 年度は、2019年度に実施した①福島県白河市 アウシュヴィッツ平和博物館（白河市白坂三輪台245）の調査・資料収集②チェコ共和国プラハ市のユダヤ人街、聖ツィリル・メトデイ正教大聖堂記念博物館、テレジエンシュタット強制収容　　　　所（小要塞および大要塞と各記念館、クレマトリウム）に関する調査・資料収集につづいて、　①神戸市ユダヤ人協会での研究調査、資料収集　②ドイツ連邦共和国ベルリン市のバンゼー会議記念館、ブッヘンバルト強制収容所博物館における現地調査、資　　　　　　　　料収集を実施する予定であったが、　コロナ禍による緊急事態宣言の発令によってすべての現地調査を断念せざるを得なくなったため、2019年度までに収集した研究課題の関連図書・映像資料・デジタル資料等の整理および授業用資料の作成をおこなうとともに、その研究成果を世界史教育者にも活用してもらうべく雑誌等に発表をおこなった。

（1）8月5日～7日福島県白河市 アウシュヴィッツ平和博物館（白河市白坂三輪台245）　にて見学・調査をおこない、資料収集をおこなった。（2）8月30日～9月4　チェコ共和国プラハ市を訪問し、①市内のユダヤ人街、②1942年、ドイツナチス政権のベーメン・メーレン保護領副総督ラインハルト=ハイドリヒの暗殺作戦（エンスラポイド作戦）を決行したチェコとスロヴァキアの愛国者たちが潜伏し、その掃討戦が行われた市内の聖ツィリル・メトデイ正教大聖堂（Pravoslavny chram svatych Cyrila a Metod?je）とその記念博物館、さらには③ナチス政権が「特権的ドイツ系ユダヤ人」を移住させたプラハ市郊外のテレジエンシュタット強制収容所（小要塞および大要塞と各記念館、クレマトリウム）などに関する現地調査および資料収集を実施した。　なお、これ以外にも上記の各研究出張およびその他で収集した関連図書・映像資料 ・デジタル資料等の整理および授業用資料の作成などは随時実行している。

　申請者は本年度の研究作業として、①2016年8月の八百津町杉原千畝記念館、敦賀市の敦賀ムゼウム、②9月のリトアニア・ヴィリュニス市の杉原千畝記念碑・ユダヤ博物館、カウナス市の杉原千畝記念館、③9～10月のアメリカ・ワシントン特別区の国立ホロコースト博物館、④10月の上海市ユダヤ難民記念館・旧ユダヤ人街、⑤2017年2～3月のアウシュヴィッツ・ビルケナウ強制収容所・ダッハウ強制収容所などで実施した研究調査行で収集した写真、書籍、ＤＶＤなどを整理し、そのデータベース化を進めるとともに、その成果を授業用配付プリント等に具象化し、授業の精度を上げることに努めた。　また2019年8～9月に研究調査を予定するチェコ・テレジエンシュタット強制収容所の研究調査に関する資料収集をおこなった。

申請者は本研究の基礎として2016年度に特別研究期間を取得して、①2016年8月に八百津町杉原千畝記念館、敦賀市の敦賀ムゼウム、②9月にリトアニア・ヴィリュニス市の杉原千畝記念碑・ユダヤ博物館、カウナス市の杉原千畝記念館、③9～10月にアメリカ・ワシントン特別区の国立ホロコースト博物館、④10月に上海市ユダヤ難民記念館・旧ユダヤ人街、⑤2017年2～3月にアウシュヴィッツ・ビルケナウ強制収容所・ダッハウ強制収容所の研究調査を実施した。その基盤上に2017年8～9月にナチス政権が「特権的ドイツ系ユダヤ人」を移住させ、優遇していることを世界にアピールしたチェコ・テレジエンシュタット強制収容所の研究調査を計画したが、事情により中止のやむなきに至ったためその、以後は上記①～⑤の研究調査で収集した資料の整理と執筆活動に従事した。