This research project aimed at clarifying the conditions to realize sustainable development in the Ordo plateau area in the western part of China, where environmental and ecological degradation has been progressing. Since 2001, the Chinese government laucned a large-scale Western development project and our research is to investigate in particular implication of the Western development project and accomopanying urbanization policy to environmental conservation.. That is why, we first conducted a research on the general aspecto of the Western development policy (WDP), particularities as well as ecological fragility of the western economy and impacts of the development policy on the economy-and ecology of the region. Secondly, we surveyed small town development policy and its environmental impacts. We identified various patterns of small town development as well as their implication on environmetal issues. Thirdly, se analyzed natural resource development policy, which onstitutes one of the pillars of WDP and its impact on environment. Fourthly, we made survey on the "Retreat culture, replant forest" policy, which constitutes also one of the major means of WDP and which aims at conservation of environment. According to our research conducted in the Sheng-xi, Shan-xi and Quizou provinces, the conditions for the successful implementation of the "Retreat culture, replant forest" policy is to promote market access, industrialization increasing value added and participation of inhabitants in the conservation efforts. In this way, the farmers of the region might not only he dependent to emigration and daily wage-work to promote self-reliant development in the period of eight years of subsidies given in the framework of this policy. Fifthly, it is important to promote educatin in order to form leaders in endogenous development of the region, however, in actual WDP, maily infrastructure, natural resource and urban development, and "retreat culture, replant forest" policy have been emphasized and education and health, which are indispensable in promoting human and social development has been rather neglected. Thus, our research of two years concluded that, for promoting ecologically concerned regional development in the Ordo plateau area, it is very necessary to promote local initiative and participation of local people in the environmental conservation. For this purpose, the government and. international cooperation should further emphasize human development, including education and health, as well as social development

This research project aimed at clarifying the conditions to realize sustainable development in the Ordo plateau area in the western part of China, where environmental and ecological degradation has been progressing. Since 2001, the Chinese government laucned a large-scale Western development project and our research is to investigate in particular implication of the Western development project and accomopanying urbanization policy to environmental conservation.. That is why, we first conducted a research on the general aspecto of the Western development policy (WDP), particularities as well as ecological fragility of the western economy and impacts of the development policy on the economy-and ecology of the region. Secondly, we surveyed small town development policy and its environmental impacts. We identified various patterns of small town development as well as their implication on environmetal issues. Thirdly, se analyzed natural resource development policy, which onstitutes one of the pillars of WDP and its impact on environment. Fourthly, we made survey on the "Retreat culture, replant forest" policy, which constitutes also one of the major means of WDP and which aims at conservation of environment. According to our research conducted in the Sheng-xi, Shan-xi and Quizou provinces, the conditions for the successful implementation of the "Retreat culture, replant forest" policy is to promote market access, industrialization increasing value added and participation of inhabitants in the conservation efforts. In this way, the farmers of the region might not only he dependent to emigration and daily wage-work to promote self-reliant development in the period of eight years of subsidies given in the framework of this policy. Fifthly, it is important to promote educatin in order to form leaders in endogenous development of the region, however, in actual WDP, maily infrastructure, natural resource and urban development, and "retreat culture, replant forest" policy have been emphasized and education and health, which are indispensable in promoting human and social development has been rather neglected. Thus, our research of two years concluded that, for promoting ecologically concerned regional development in the Ordo plateau area, it is very necessary to promote local initiative and participation of local people in the environmental conservation. For this purpose, the government and. international cooperation should further emphasize human development, including education and health, as well as social development.

　中国では、都市の改革が本格化した1985年ごろより「流動人口」と称される農村からの出稼ぎ労働者の大都市への流入が始まった。94年ごろその数は全国で約8000万人に達し、北京や上海などの大都市では流動人口の引き起こす治安問題や都市環境問題などが深刻化した。流動人口に対する管理を一段と強化するため、「北京市の外地来京人員戸籍管理規定」などの多くの条例が公布された。巨大都市では戸籍管理により、流動人口の「暫住」は認めるが、「常住」は認めない政策をとっている。この結果、大都市では①旧住民（都市戸籍を有する「常住人口」）と②原籍に戻ることを前提にした新住民（「暫住人口」）の２種類が存在することになり、後者が様々な面で差別的地位に置かれている。　今回の研究では、まず中国において流動人口の法的規制に関する文献資料の収集にあたった。そして資料整理の過程で、流動人口問題発生の要因、各地の実態、法的規制の経過と問題点などを解明した。今回の研究成果は社団法人中国研究所の機関誌「中国研究月報」に発表する予定である。

中国では1997年３月、18年ぶりに刑法の全面改正が行われ、新たに「単位犯罪」（法人犯罪）の項が設けられた。以前は個別法の中に法人犯罪に関する規定があったにすぎなかったが、今回正式に刑法典の中に法人犯罪に関する項が新設されたわけである。中国では改革・開放に伴い、企業・役所・軍隊など組織ぐるみの密輸や贈収賄・脱税などの経済犯罪が多発している。こうした現象は中国社会が「単位社会」であることと深く関わっており、この種の組織ぐるみ犯罪を減少させるには、中国独自の対応が必要であったのである。　今回の研究では、まず中国において法人犯罪関連の文献資料の収集にあたった。そして資料整理の過程で、中国内で長期にわたって行われた法人犯罪をめぐる論争を整理し、また法人犯罪重視に至った背景の解明や代表的判例の分析などを行った。なお今回の研究成果は社団法人中国研究所の機関誌「中国研究月報」に発表する予定である。研究成果の発表99年３月　中国研究所『中国研究月報』「中国における法人犯罪問題」