The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of recalled parental childrearing behaviors on self-esteem in Japanese and South Korean undergraduate students from the viewpoints of behavior analysis. The participants were 201 Japanese students and 206 Korean students. The results showed that the more they recalled that their parents spoke positively about their relatives to others and the more they recalled that they were praised by their parents when they spoke positively about their relatives to others of childhood, the more they were likely in both countries to speak positively about their relatives to others. Furthermore, they were more likely to have high self-esteem. The results also showed that the larger the difference between present self-evaluation and self-evaluation spoken to others, the lower the self-esteem in Japan. On the other hand, the more they had experience of being praised and the more they recalled that they were praised by their parents when they spoke positively about their relatives to others of childhood, the higher the self-esteem in Korea.

:Hypothetical stories designed to arouse feelings of happiness, sadness, or anger were presented to Japanese (n = 310) and Koreans (n = 286) university students. They were asked to rate the intensity of the emotion experienced, and to select the corresponding facial expression to display in an individual situation and in a social situation. Analyses of covariance were conducted on the rating scores of facial expression using the intensities of emotion as the covariance, except for happiness where the within-class regression coefficients were not homogeneous. The results showed that Japanese and Koreans shared the emotional display rules about the expressions of emotions in individual situations more than in social situations. Japanese thought that they should suppress emotions more than Koreans did. Moreover, the differences in facial expressions between Japanese and Koreans were greater in the individual situations than in the social situations.

Hypothetical stories designed to arouse feelings of happiness, sadness, or anger were presented to Japanese (n = 310) and Koreans (n = 286) university students. They were asked to rate the intensity of the emotion experienced, and to select the corresponding facial expression to display in an individual situation and in a social situation. Analyses of covariance were conducted on the rating scores of facial expression using the intensities of emotion as the covariance, except for happiness where the within-class regression coefficients were not homogeneous. The results showed that Japanese and Koreans shared the emotional display rules about the expressions of emotions in individual situations more than in social situations. Japanese thought that they should suppress emotions more than Koreans did. Moreover, the differences in facial expressions between Japanese and Koreans were greater in the individual situations than in the social situations.

This study examined the moderating effect of self-esteem on the relationship between public self-consciousness and social anxiety, and on the relationship between public self-consciousness and exhibitionism in Japan and South Korea. The participants were 213 university students in Japan and 234 university students in Korea. The results of hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that self-esteem was a moderator of the relationship between public self-consciousness and social anxiety and of the relationship between public self-consciousness and exhibitionism in Korea, but not in Japan. In Korea, public self-consciousness was related to social anxiety for people with low self-esteem, while for people with high self-esteem, public self-consciousness was related to exhibitionism.

本研究は，コンピュータの音声ガイドが使用者に及ぼす影響を検証したものである。音声ガイドのあるコンピュータは自律的に作動し，使用者の課題に対する統制感を低下させるため，リアクタンスを経験する。そこで，使用者は統制感を維持するために，コンピュータの評価を低め，課題の失敗を外的要因，特にコンピュータに帰属するであろう。この考え方が実験で検証された。66名の男女大学生からなる被験者は，質問形式の問題を提示され，回答とは無関係に成功，失敗のフィードバックを受けた。文字呈示条件では，テキストは画面上に表示された。音声ガイド条件では，画面表示に加え，テキストは合成音声で読み上げられた。仮説通り，音声ガイド条件の被験者は，コンピュータに対する評価を低下させた。しかしながら，被験者が失敗すると，文字呈示条件では次回は成功すると予測したのに対し，音声ガイド条件では成功を予測しなかった。この結果は，統制感の低下を反映したものであると解釈された。<br>

Using 454 college students, experiment I examined the effects of issue-prominence on the bargaining choices in agreement games. The results indicated that in prominence games prominent alternatives coordinated expectations, but that in noprominence games distinctive expectations did not emerge. In experiment II, which uses 60 college students, the subjects engaged in 2-person agreement games. One of the subjects could make a commitment by choosing first and informing the other of his choices before the other's choice. Bargaining efficiency, ie. the number of agreements, did not differ among the conditions. But the contents of agreements differed clearly. In the congruent condition, where the subject who made a commitment could also take advantage of prominence, the agreements were clearly on his side. In the no-prominence condition, the agreements favored the subject who chose first. In the non-congruent condition, the agreement were favorable to the subjects who took advantage of prominence but did not make a commitment. These results are discussed in relation to the effects of role expectation upon bargaining.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the tacit coordination in interdependent relationships between two persons. Subjects, 320 college students, were asked to complete the questionnaire in supposed interaction situations. It was shown that in the correspondentsimilar condition, in which each person knew that another person was doing the same, they could concert their expectations with each other without aids of communication or prior arrangement. The degree of coordination depended on the clue that the situation offered. In the control condition, a similar type of coincidence sometimes appeared in individual choices. In correspondent-complementary and noncorrespondent conditions, in which either one or both person tried to act differently from the other, they made their choices more diverge than in the correspondent-similar condition, but in some cases similar coincidence of choices occurred. It was concluded that the situational clues led to high degree of expectatory coordination with others, and also brought about a bias in choices.