エジプト、ルクソール西岸の新王国時代の墓域（ネクロポリス・テーベ）のアル＝コーカ地区で発掘調査を継続して実施することで、新王国第１８王朝時代前期から第２０王朝時代に至る岩窟墓の造営と再利用などの問題を詳細に検討することができた。特に調査地域の中心を占める新王億第１８王朝アメンヘテプ３世治世の末期の高官ウセルハトの大型岩窟墓（TT47)の発掘調査によって、これまで全く公表されていなかったウセルハト墓の規模と構造を明らかにすることができた。ウセルハト墓の南側部分で新たに発見された新王国ラメセス朝（第１９・２０王朝）時代に属するコンスウエムヘブ墓（KHT02)の前室内部の壁面の保存修復も併せて実施し、古代エジプト新王国時代の壁画の描き方や技術に関しても新たな知見を得ることができた。また、アル＝コーカ地区の発掘地域からは、非常に多数の葬送用コーンが出土しており、調査地域の周辺部には、未発見の岩窟墓が存在していることを提起することができた。特に調査地域の南側の部分には、第１８王朝トトメス４世治世に属する岩窟墓が東西方向に連続して存在していることが想定できた。ウセルハト墓に関しては、岩窟墓の入口部分を強化し、内部の堆積砂礫の除去を実施した。さらにウセルハト墓の前庭部からは、新王国時代以降の第３中間期、末期王朝、プトレマイオス朝時代の土器をはじめとする遺物が出土しており、この地区における岩窟墓の造営、再利用などがどのように行われていったのかを具体的に示すことができた。また調査地区の北側に位置する新王国時代の岩窟墓も第１８王朝ハトシェプスト女王治世、アメンヘテプ２世治世、トトメス４世治世などに造営され、その後、第１９王朝ラメセス２世、第２０王朝初期などに再利用されていることが明らかになった。このように限られた地域における岩窟墓の分布を明らかにできた。令和元年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。令和元年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない

Various aspects of the Ancient Egyptian society had changed during the Middle and New Kingdoms. The present research was aimed at understanding characteristics of this change through interdisciplinary analyses of objects mainly from cemeteries and searching for a catalyst for the change. The result shows the possibility that the emergence of the ‘personal piety’, an individual's personal relationship with a deity, where the king as the intermediary between the human and divine realms was no longer necessary, had played an important role. The ‘personal piety’ has long been argued, and traditional models of personal piety are based on texts and images. Our result is noteworthy because the material evidence of the cemetery also demonstrated that the idea of the ‘personal piety’ was quite pervasive throughout various social classes more than previously expected

The goal of this project is to explore the New Kingdom cemeteries in Saqqara Necropolis which has not been comprehensively studied. It is aimed to reveal the burial customs, cultural history and political history in Memphis during the New Kingdom. The exploration of Saqqara was carried out by using several methods including examination of the old maps of the site, examination of the satellite images, archaeological reconnaissance, mapping survey, and geophysical prospections. As a result, we discovered an extensive New Kingdom cemetery in the area to the north-west of Teti Pyramid, measuring approximately 100,000㎡. We also conducted another survey in the eastern slope of the escapement, which is located to the east of the aforementioned New Kingdom cemetery. Then, we conducted archaeological sounding in the most promising place in the eastern slope and revealed a number of artifacts dating to the Eighteenth Dynasty, indicating the existence of New Kingdom tombs in the vicinity

In this study to recover the ancient environment at the lagoon area of West Delta, Egypt, how to reconstruct the economic activity at the waterfront supported by the late foreign political power “Hellenism” against the pre-formed large Pharaonic tradition, would be a potential key. With the analysis of the remote sensing and the coring research, the reduction of the lake expansion became evident and the sand dune hills were considered as site territory. Consequently, the life style of “the compound occupations” was imaged as the tentative model of the daily life. The archaeological site, Kom al-Diba,’ is one of such sand dune hills and by the surface detection, the multi-layered construction centering the Hellenistic temple precinct became clear, showing the economic activity at the hinter lowland area near Alexandria, which has been overlooked so far at the field of classical archaeology

系譜研究では、イスラム陶器の発展史を把握するために、初期イスラム時代の水壺と白地藍彩双鳥文の来歴に焦点を当てた考察が中心的に行われた。また薬（ヘイサラバサラ）をめぐる東西交渉史に関する論考報告もなされた。地域比較研究においては、インドネシアの国立イスラム大学におけるワークショップと、早稲田大学におけるシンポジウムの２つを中心に議論が進められた。前者では主に、医療分野での情報技術の利用に焦点が当てられ、ヘルスケアと高齢者ケアにおける先端技術のあり方と今後の展望に関しての討議が行われた。特に、インドネシア社会の特長ともなる、①ムスリム社会福祉・教育活動のためのIT推進の手法、②島嶼国家におけるIT推進に伴う困難の克服、の２点が重要な討議事項となった。後者では主に、「アラブの春」後の経済動向に焦点を当て、特にサラフィー主義（厳格なイスラム回帰主義）の拡大が経済問題の政策に与える影響に関する点が討議された。特にこの動向が影響を持つ地域には、エジプトおよび湾岸諸国があり、今後の動向の予測が行われた。これらワークショップとシンポジウムの討議内容は、イスタンブルおよびカイロで開催された研究集会においても、重要な報告事項となった。これらの他には、アジア地域におけるイスラム問題が手がけられ、中国における部分的イスラム化に対する考察や、マレーシアにおける若者の価値意識に関する考察が行われた。

This research project aims to propose a site management plan for the Memphite Necropolis in Egypt by interdisciplinary research such as archaeology, conservation science, architectural history, geology, tourism, satellite image interpretation and etc. The process and order for this project consisted of three parts: Documentation and Collection of Information concerning the value of the archeological sites, Management Analysis of Data, and Proposal. The result of this project provides a model for the practical strategy for the future protection and management of the Memphite Necropolis.

This study is focusing on the continuity and interruption of the wisdoms between the Early Civilization and the Hellenistic Civilization. We paid attention to the Hellenistic influence which appeared as the late-coming political power against the huge Pharaonic tradition with the analysis of satellite image data on the network structure of the ancient cities holding the local administration. As a result, a possibility that the Hellenism civilization supported a series of the lagoon areas distributed over the Mediterranean Sea coast based on the economic network of the occupation compound system

The project initiated clearance, conservation and documentation at the tomb of Userhat (TT 47), at al-Khokha area in 2007. Although the tomb of Userhat is one of the most important private tombs from the reign of Amenhotep III, the comprehensive scientific research has not yet been conducted after 1903 since its location had been missing. I uncovered the entrance of the tomb of Userhat, which has the lintel and doorjambs on both side. It is important for me to make a new chronological table of rock-cut tombs under the reign of Amenhotep III by the rediscovery of the tomb of Userhat

This research target, Dahshur north, is an archaeological site discovered by the Waseda University. Dahshur is a necropolis located at the desert area of the ancient administrative center, Memphis. The discovery of this site is remarkable as it encourages the discussion on the formation of necropolis at the Memphite area after the well-known Amarna revolution in the ancient Egyptian history. The research area expands about 800m^2centering the tomb of“Rector priest, Ta", built approximately at the 20th dynasty of the New Kingdom period, and it became our aim to clarify the technological aspect of the newly found burials and to establish the chronological table of the area. Consequently, with the result of three seasons' excavations, it was found that the area was exploited as the Middle Kingdom burial place (most of them had NS axis and were equipped with box-type coffin and beer jars) and was re-used at the New Kingdom period (most of them had EW axis and were equipped with kinds of Post-Amarna artifacts). In addition, intact Middle Kingdom burials were discovered, which turns to be unexpected informative evidence to show the burial methods. This perspective on the research results drastically renewed the former chronological view which had been supposed that the area was established as the New Kingdom cemetery. Then, in the field of conservation science, the basic methods for the preservation of the remains and relics were proposed, which was also the fruit of this rsearch

The archaeological expedition from the Institute of Egyptology at Waseda University has been excavating at the remote outcrop at the site of Abusir south in Egypt since 1991 with the scientific grant from then the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture. Excavations at the summit of the outcrop revealed a mud-brick structure dating to the reigns of Amenhotep II and Thutmose IV in the Eighteenth Dynasty, New Kingdom Egypt, and a monument of Khaemwaset, the fourth prince of Ramesses II of the Nineteenth Dynasty. In 2001, a study towards the program for the conservation of these monuments was initiated with the grant-in-aid from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. Accordingly, we began excavating the slope of the outcrop which we expected to find the materials originated from the monuments on the summit of the outcrop. Then, excavations exposed the layered stone structure dating to the Third Dynasty in the Old Kingdom, which can be interpreted as one of the oldest stone monuments in Egypt, and its associated substructure(AKT 02), as well as a rock-cut chamber dating to the Middle Kingdom(AKT 01). Consequently, it is realized that we need to reconsider the history of the site and its conservation program. In 2003, we renewed the study for the conservation plan of the site with the result of the new discoveries from the slope of the outcrop, which was financially aided by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.In 2003 and 2004, we conducted conservation works at the mud-brick structure on the summit of the outcrop, which was about to disappear due to the recent damages. In 2005, we attempted to make some trials for the protection of the layered stone structure and the rock-cut chambers on the slope of the outcrop. In 2006, we completed the conservation of the layered stone structure according to the result of the trial tests in the previous season. These works can be regarded as the examples of the conservation works for the monuments which have been carried out by the researchers who actually discovered them.Along with these conservation works, we also undertook the environmental measurement at the site, studies for the preservation of the monuments at the site, conservation works for the objects recovered from the site, and comparative studies of the other sites which were open to the public. Archaeological excavations have also yielded a number of finds such as the limestone brocks from the monument of Khaemwaset which added more date for reconstructing the original appearance and environment of the monuments at the site

This study focuses on the dynamics of complexity, stratification, and urbanization of prehistoric and ancient societies. We investigated several cases in Japan, Korea, China, Egypt, Western Asia, North America, Mesoamerica, and South America, and have conducted cross-cultural studies attempting to establish methodology for comparative archaeology.
For instance, in 2002, Kikuchi (the head investigator) along with four other investigators studied the ancient cities of the Mayan civilization in Mesoamerica. We consider these as primary and crucial examples for our research topic. In fact, these examples provided us valuable insights in our respective investigations.
Kikuchi, Takahashi, and a few other members conducted archaeological and ethnological fieldwork along the Northwest Coast (2003), Queen Charlotte Islands (2004), and some sites of the Mississippian culture (2005) in North America. From this series of studies, we accumulated important evidences for comparative studies of prehistoric societies in the world, and produced three articles for publication in a scholarly journal.
In December 2004, we held an international conference titled "Kokogaku kara Mita Shakai no Fukuzatsuka (Archaeological Approaches to the Organizational Dynamics of Social Complexity)," and along with the investigators of this project (Kikuchi, Okauchi, Takahashi, Kondo, Terasaki, and nine other researchers presented their respective case studies. This was a very good opportunity to compare the outcomes of our work, and all the researchers once again congregated to discuss the same issue in January 2005. The results of the meeting were published by Doseisha, Tokyo, in a book titled"Shakai Kokogaku no Kokoromi (Preliminary Approaches of Social Archaeology)."
We conducted several case studies to improve our research in 2005. However, in a limited period of our years, it is very difficult to conclude this ambitious project concerning the major theme. Therefore, if possible, we hope to follow up on this research issue.

Up to now, the studies on rock-cut tombs in the New Kingdom of ancient Egypt mainly focused on so called "Theban Necropolis", which is located on the west bank of Thebes, the 4^<th> Nome of the Upper Egypt. Thebes also was the home land of the 18^<th> Dynasty royal family. There are more than 400 registered rock-cut tombs in Theban Necropolis. Many rock-cut tombs belong to the New Kingdom (18^<th> to 20^<th> Dynasty). I have studied carefully on the cases of "re-used" tombs in Thebes, with the result that chronological studies of the tombs were insufficient. In New Kingdom, the biggest change was "Amarna period". The wall decorations and texts of the tombs were quite different by comparison between tombs of pre-Amarna and those of post-Amarna. Most of re-used tombs in the Theban Necropolis were reused during after Amarna period. Several tombs under the reigns of Tuthmosis IV and Amenophis III were reused under the Ramesses II era.Also I have studied on the location and distribution of high officials tombs in the 18^<th> Dynasty. Specially the vertical distribution of the tomb, the hight of the tombs, were very clearly distinguished by each period. Recently at the Memphite necropolis, the New Kingdom tombs were revealed. The interior decoration of the Memphite rock-cut tomb were decorated and painted by the Theban style. It is clear that the Theban craftsmen could be participated in decorating the Memphite tomb from Thebes. It is very important that the craftsmen and artists were coming and going between Memphis and Thebes in order to build tombs.And I have concluded that the Theban tomb of Amenhotep IV (later Akhenaten) were presumably KV 23,not KV 25 in the Western Valley of the King

The research for the conservation and restoration has greatly progressed by following investigations. Measurements in the environmental conditions of the site have been conducted. The data of the wind direction, wind velocity, sunshine, rainfall in addition temperature and humidity on the site were accumulated for two consecutive years. Also trial conservation of mud-brick and limestone using chemical such as silicon was initiated. The petrological study was carried out on the monuments distributed from Giza to Dahshur. This study provided significant data about the origin of the limestone and weathering process. The case studies of the conservation and restoration in Saqqara and Luxor area were conducted in order to develop our conservation plan. Some issues regarding the conservation and restoration came to light from these studies.Also, the, archaeological and architectural research on the structure has progressed by the completion of the final check on the monument of Khaemwaset and mud-brick structure of the New Kingdom. A number of important pieces of limestone blocks were excavated on the slope of the outcrop. New data derived from these blocks will enable us to progress the research on the architectural reconstruction of the monument of Khaemwaset. After the excavation at the summit of the outcrop, we conducted protection on the site for future conservation and restoration. Furthermore, the discoveries of the. rock-cut chamber and the layered stone structure lead us to reconsider the historical significance of the outcrop. Further investigation is needed to reconstruct and plan the comprehensive conservation program in the prospect of utilizing this historical landscape

The project has been carrying out excavation on the summit of a limestone outcrop at North Saqqara since December 1991. The excavations have uncovered a large limestone monument of Khaemwaset, the forthe son of Ramesses II of Dynasty 19. The purposes of the excavation of this season was two-fold : to complete excavation of the stone monument, and to identify structures around the monument.
A southern part of an outer wall and the south-west corner of the monument were uncovered, and the overall structure of this monument was revealed during the season. Its general dimensions are 25m (north-south) by 30m (east-west). A foundation deposit discovered at the north-west corner of the monument include several faience scarabs inscribed with the name and titles of Khaemwaset, indicating that the monument was founded by the prince himself.
A limestone alignment and a limestone pavement were excavated to the east and to the north of the monument respectively. They seem to date to a period later than the monument itself, though their precise date has not yet been determined. From the west slope of the site, a number of objects including fragments of blue painted pottery were collected. They indicate that certain structures of the middle Dynasty 18 existed at the site, as was supposed from bricks which were recovered in the last season, and stamped with cartouches of Amenophis II and Tuthmosis (IV? ).
An analysis of finds indicates that the site was occupied from Dynasty 18 to the Byzantine period, for almost two thousands years.

We started this project to make the basic data-base on the more than 2000 fragments of painted plaster from "Kom al-Samak" at Malqata South. The mud-brick built architecture on the hill, named "Kom al-Samak" was constructed under the reign of Amenophis III.Different varietues of motiefs of painted plaster refers some difficulties against the restoration of the original paintings. We have also made comparative studies with the New Kingdom paintings ; for example from the Theban rock-cut tombs, temples and palaces (Palaces of Malqata and el-Amarna).About the chemical treatments for the preservation and restoration of fragments of painted plaster from "Kom al-Samak", we have made re-examination and basic studies to find the better methods. So we conclused changing method for preserving pigments of the surface from Paraloid B72 5 to 7% solution of toluene to Paraloid B72 10% solution of xylene.We could some motifs of the architecture of Kom el-Samak finally. And we decided to continue our works for the restoration of the original wall paintings. Especially, we could use a very important data from the royal tomb of Amenophis III (KV 22) in the Western Valley of the Kings for this project

本調査研究の目的は, 早稲田大学古代エジプト調査隊によって遂行されてきたマルカタ南・魚の丘建築の復原研究を完成させることにあり, 研究方法として魚の丘建築と年代的・場所的・性格的にも極めて関連の深いアメンヘテプIII世(新王国時代・第18王朝)建造のマルカタ王宮を対象として建築学的・美術考古学的な比較研究を通じ, 行うものである.第二次調査は当初計画した研究項目・調査事項について予定通り行われ, 予期以上の成果をあげることができた.1)前回調査に引き続きメトロポリタン美術館調査隊による既往実測資料と, 今回のマルカタ王宮実測によって作成した図面との比較・現況確認をさらに範囲を広めて行った.2)王宮の最も重要な部屋である王の寝室を発掘し, 夥しい量の彩画片を得た. 出土した彩画片は写真撮影や模写によって資料化した. 出土状況からこの部屋が他の調査隊によってほとんど発掘がされていない点も確認された.3)王の寝室より出た彩画片から, 天井面に描かれたと思われる上下エジプト王名, 及びサァ・ラー名を復原し, それらがアメンヘテプIII世の名であることを確認した. 上下エジプト王名は3種類記されていたことが明らかにされた.4)天井面に描かれていたハゲワシの姿のネクベト画像を原寸で復原した. この復原図をもとに天井全体の復原図も縮尺1/5で作成した.5)王の寝室に見られるような特徴的な平面形状の部屋に関し類例の実測, 及び比例関係の分析を行った.6)マルカタ王宮と魚の丘建築, 及び両者を結ぶ間の周辺に位置する各々の関連遺跡について方位を計測し, 配置計画に関する基礎資料作成と都市計画的な視点における分析研究を行った.今回の調査で得た知見によって研究主題はさらに多岐に渡ることが確認された. 古代エジプトにおける日乾煉瓦造王宮建築の遺構は石造建築と異なりその数は限られ, 今回発掘を行った王の寝室の建築的特質や都市計画的な配置計画に関する研究成果を国際的な学会に対し提示することにより, 古代エジプト文化研究に少なからぬ寄与を成しうるものと思われる

The site of our excavation is situated on a top of the small hill. which located about 1km north-west of the Serapeum at Saqqara. On the top of the hill, a stone building of Khaemwaset, the fourth son of Ramesses II, was discovered in 1991.During the last two seasons, we extended the excavation area to the north-west of the stone monument. The excavation of this area produced a good result : we found another building, that was built with mud-bricks and the dimensions of which are about 22m by 25m. Because this area was thoroughly disturbed, only the foundation bricks were preserved. However, great quantities of small fragments of mural painting and faience tiles were uncovered around the mud-brick building.After the thick layers were removed, it came to light that this building was constructed in a very unique way : it was built at the top of the steep incline, and moreover the ground around the building was artificially shaped to rise the building than its surroundings, as if it was intended to be built on the platform which was dug out from the surrounding ground.So far more than ten stelae depicting Tuthmosis IV were discovered. We also found some stamped bricks and mud sealings with the name of Tuthmosis IV. These objects could be strong evidence that Tuthmosis IV was active on the top of the hill. Elaborate blue-painted pottery sherds, so-called palace ware are also supporting this evidence.Abundance of the middle 18th Dynasty materials suggests that the Khaemwaset's monument was preceded by the mud-brick structure. Moreover, this mud-brick structure probably remained standing when Khaemwaset built his monument. Thus, it is likely that the existence of the mud-brick building had influence on the construction of the stone monument of Khaemwaset at this site

　エジプト新王国時代の墓域研究の中で上エジプト第４ノモスに位置するテーベは、特異な位置を占めている。この地区で登録されている415基の岩窟墓の中で、特に新王国第１８王朝時代から１９王朝時代にかけての時期の岩窟墓が多数存在している。これまで、これら岩窟墓の年代を決定するには、墓内部に残存する壁画に描かれた王名などから時期を決める傾向が強く、全ての墓に王名が記されているわけではなく、時期決定の段階においても非常に不充分な状態であったと言える。また、全ての墓を網羅的に扱った研究も、現状では限られたものであり、そうした点から、まず時期決定のための基本的なデータの蓄積をはかる必要があるとの認識に立って、研究作業を展開していった。1999年度は、特にネクロポリス・テーベにおける岩窟墓の再利用の問題について主として研究を実施した。岩窟墓の再利用といっても、様々な例があることを明らかにし、その中で新王国時代における再利用の例を具体的なケースを取り上げ検証した。新王国時代の岩窟墓の中で、顕著な再利用の例としては、第18王朝のアマルナ時代以前（特にトトメス４世からアメンヘテプ３世時代）の岩窟墓が、アマルナ時代以降（主としてラメセス2世時代）に非常に多く存在していることが判明した。このことは、アマルナ時代という社会の大規模な変革期に、岩窟墓に埋葬するという葬送理念もまた大きく変化したことを示している。　上記の作業を通じて、先ず現在欠如しているネクロポリス・テーベの岩窟墓群の基礎的なデータ・ベースの作成が急務であるとの結論に達した。そのためには、データ・ベースの確立をするための基礎的なデータ（地形図、報告書、研究論文）の集積も合わせ実施した。今後は、再利用墓の個々の事例をリスト・アップしながら、基本的な編年の確立を実施していきたいと考えている。また、ネクロポリス・テーベに関するデータ・ベースをネット上での公開を視野に入れて作成しているところである。　篇年学的な研究は、ある意味では地味なものであるが、ネクロポリス・テーベの研究を遂行していく中で不可欠で重要なものであり、1999年度に端緒をつけた第18王朝時代に引き続き、今後も第19王朝、第20王朝と継続して研究を実施していきたい。