本研究の目的は、地元住民と地域外企業による「地域価値共創事業」の実態とそれを円滑に進めるための体制について明らかにすることである。 はじめに、瀬戸田町における「地域価値共創事業」を概観した。次に、「地域価値共創事業」に対する地元住民と地域外企業の評価を明らかにした。調査の結果から、自治体と地域マネジメント企業が、地域のコーディネーターとして「フィルター」「ハブ」「バッファ」の3つの機能を果たしていることが明らかになった。両者は密に連携を取り、地元住民や地域外企業と良好な関係性を構築する必要がある。今後の「地域価値共創事業」においては、自治体がこのような体制を可能にする原資を提供すること、地域マネジメント企業の存在、さらには事業開始までに十分な準備時間を確保することが必要不可欠である。

様々な地域課題を抱える今日の農山漁村では、自然災害が社会の変化を加速させ、地域課題がさらに深刻化する。本研究では、東日本大震災で被害を受けた、福島県相馬市の潟湖・松川浦における生業として青ノリ養殖業に着目する。松川浦には地域固有の土地所有慣行が存在し、その上で独自の漁場利用の仕組みが形成され、震災前から生業が持続されてきた。震災後の復興過程では、土地の再整備や、道具の支援などの復興支援事業が行われ、生業の再開に至った。さらに、生産者らが主体となり新しい取り組みを模索しながら生業の継続が図られている。また、生産者らによる生業に対する評価を捉えたところ、道具の支援の受用、漁場環境の回復、生業の魅力の再発見が生業の再開・継続への動機となっていた。その上で、生産者らが描く今後の生業の持続に向けた生産方法として、生産形態の更新、環境価値の向上、就業体制の踏襲の3つの傾向があり、これらはそれぞれ社会・経済、風土・地域、歴史・慣習を背景に含意していると考えられる。生産者はそれぞれ多様な方法を模索しており、その背景を丁寧に読み解きながら、災害復興を進めていくことが重要であると考えられる。

Our target are unemployed living alone seniors in the apartment complexes. We conducted a questionnaire survey and extracted 3 patterns of lifestyles. We analyzed lifestyle characteristics according to the presence or absence of loneliness and subjective health status. We also asked what kind of facilities and events they wanted in their apartment complexes. And we compared the features of them by levels of loneliness, subjective health and lifestyles. Finally, we identified some features in terms of facilities and events which are aligned to certain lifestyle that can contribute low level of loneliness and high subjective health.

<p> Recently, the word "ibasho" has been attracting increasing attention in Japan. The term initially referred to the physical space that a person occupies; however, since about 1980s, it has come to include mental and social aspects related to the increasing attention that social isolation has received. Considering the various explanations that previous research has offered, "ibasho" can be defined as "the place where people find that they can subjectively acquire a sense of self-receptiveness, self-efficiency or opportunity to relate with others, as influenced by physical and social conditions."</p><p> As society becomes interested in ibasho, more people are attempting to make space for the promotion of others' quest to find it. With the goal of widening ibasho-making's currently insufficient economic base, the government has launched new programs to help spread these activities; however, this is occurring amid concerns that such programs can actually be detrimental to the characteristics of making ibasho by, for instance, reducing the flexible management that promote users' ibasho-finding through the imposition of governmental program regulations.</p><p> This paper focuses on community cafes which is representative cases of making of "ibasho", and aims to clarify how governmental programs influence community cafe as well as managers' user-directed methods for mitigating detrimental influences. Interviews with managers and field surveys of 25 advanced cases were conducted. Fifty programs related to community cafe were classified by program content and the typologies of positional relation with community cafes. Program content was classified in the following categories: elder care (severe), elder care (mild), community development, disability welfare, child welfare, the establishment of a community's base, and the use a vacant store. Meanwhile, the typologies of positional relation were classified as follows: separated type, temporary share type, and constant share type.</p><p> The results led to the following findings:</p><p> 1) Influences are recognized more when governmental programs are used for management as opposed to when they are used for opening.</p><p> 2) Influences are different for each typology of positional relation between governmental programs and community cafe. The following are frequently recognized influences across every classification of positional relation: network expansion, user increase and diversification, burden increase, and management restriction. In general, the governmental programs that do not share space constantly tend to be perceived as beneficially influential while those that do share space tend to be associated with detrimental influences.</p><p> 3) Base business governmental programs tend to enjoy recognition as influential factors more than their ancillary business counterparts.</p><p> 4) In order to tackle governmental programs' detrimental influences, managers deal with users in various ways. Positive operations are the main method for reducing the "trouble among users," which is a detrimental influence that emerges from programs that do not constantly share space. Moreover, positive and negative operations as well as the use of negative facility equipment are the main methods for reducing the "problematic user tendencies" and the "misunderstanding by locals," which are detrimental influences that emerge from programs that share space. As such, managers' strategies for reducing detrimental influences also differ for each positional relation typology that is common between governmental programs and community cafes.</p><p> 5) In some cases, governmental programs are not used because mangers find lack of a suited government programs.</p>

<p> Encouraged by the "Work-Life Balance Charter" formulated in 2007, which recommended various ways of working and living, the promotion of side jobs in companies and the activities of people in their hobbies and leisure have become active.</p><p> As the work environment changes, people not only realize hobbies and side jobs, but also create encounters and relationships with others through rental spaces dealt on the website.</p><p> In this way, rental space, which has emerged in large numbers in urban areas and is being used for a variety of purposes, has the potential to become a place for new interaction.</p><p> In this paper, we conducted basic research on 1, 000 rental spaces in the Tokyo area (Tokyo, Kanagawa, Chiba, Saitama), and clarified the basic performance and regional characteristics of rental spaces.</p><p> In addition, by conducting interviews with owners of rental spaces where they engage in side-business or hobby activities, we were able to get close to the actual status of rental spaces management and usage, and clarified the social role of them.</p><p> These results are considered to be important and have implications for the utilization of urban building stock for diverse ways of working and self-realization.</p><p> </p><p> 1) Basic performance and regional characteristics of rental spaces</p><p> Existing uses of rental space are classified into four categories: residential, commercial, entertainment and rental only. The recommended uses on the website are classified into four categories: corporate, personal, interactive, and presentation.</p><p> Next, performance of RS as an existing building stock and performance of rental space for each recommended application were clarified. In addition, we were able to obtain 3 types of regional characteristics of rental space from the information of existing uses of them, and found 16 characteristic regions explained by them.</p><p> </p><p> 2) Reason for occurrence of rental spaces and devices for operation</p><p> As a result of interviews with rental space owner, we found that there were four reasons for the occurrence of rental spaces. Also, by starting rental spaces, we learned that these place has become a place to support and contribute, and a place where new encounters and relationships are created. Also, we found out that the owner carries out his own examination when renting a place.</p><p> </p><p> 3) Actual situation of use of rental spaces and values for users</p><p> As a result of analyzing the actual use of rental spaces obtained by interview survey to the owners, it was clarified that the users are seeking five values of place; "Space to be rented that meets the purpose needed in the short term", "Space for showing their hobby", "Space for challenge of new work transformed from their hobbies", "Space for realization of free self world view" and "Space for mental recovery".</p>

<p>本稿では地域コミュニティに開放された空間をもつサービス付き高齢者向け住宅の空間と運営に着目し、必ずしも富裕層向けでない、高齢者が享受できる豊かな生活を提供していることを示した。空間の面では、居住者と地域住民が共存できるように3つの秩序立ての工夫を行っており、他事例でも応用可能な知見だと考えられる。運営の面では、居住者集団に能動的な交流を支援する事業者の介入意向が居住者の能動的な行動を促す点で重要であることがわかった。一方、課題としては利用者のマナーの悪化や利用しにくい共用部配置になっているものがわかった。また、2つの調査により、共用空間の空間的特徴や多くの人が利用する場合の秩序立ての工夫、住宅の開発経緯、開放的な共用空間の利用実態などを明らかにした。</p>

<p> Owing to the falling birthrate and an aging, declining population, it is considered important to sustain regional images, especially in rural areas to maintain the vitality of the region while incorporating external entities.</p><p> One cultural resource found all over the country are shrines. Many shrines have long contributed to nurturing and maintaining the ties among local residents through rituals. Although the entities that support the shrine and its rituals are mainly "Shinshoku (priest)" and "Ujiko (parishioner), " in areas of ongoing depopulation, it would be desirable to build a relationship with the "Sukeisha (worshipper)" who contribute to protecting and maintaining the shrine although living outside thereby generating vitality in the region.</p><p> This study focuses on Tenkawa Daibenzaiten-sha Shrine in Nara Prefecture, which was revived from devastation and where worshippers not only pray or participate in annual events but have also performed new activities such as "Tenkawa Tatakagurako" (hereinafter referred to as "Kagurako") for 20 years, to understand the reasons behind the shrine's prosperity and the actual condition of Kagurako, which is supposed to a primary reasons for its prosperity. Based on this, we examine the creation of human, physical and social capital through the activities of worshippers. The purpose of this research to examine the development of activities by nonresidents through ko in the area.</p><p> The direct opportunity for establishing Kagurako was a debt-laden shrine report accompanying the reconstruction of the shrine. The earlier efforts of the shrine, increase in worshippers, enhancement of festivals, establishment of the foundation on which the cultural activities of the shrine are based, led to ko and the development of activities as a compounding factor. The above-mentioned efforts include rebuilding and reigniting the tradition of festivals in cooperation with entertainers outside the area, keeping the shrine premises as a sanctuary always clean, and using the treasures and historical resources at appropriate times.</p><p> The Kagurako is not based on the "neighborhood" or the "same belief" traditionally understood as the principle of uniting ko, and is characteristic in offering extraordinary experiences (qigong, yoga, walk, making ceramics and so on) around the shrine in which people can participate casually. The management of ko with these characteristics has led to the increase in activities seen after the Prospering period, and realized in human capital, which supports the festivals, physical capital contributing to regional cultural activities, and social capital bringing external support to the area during a disaster.</p><p> As mentioned, to develop the activities of nonresidents in the area an effective technique is to offer extraordinary experiences in which people can participate casually through "ko" while trying to enhance the religious culture based on the history of the shrine. This can also increase the sustainability of the area where the shrine is located, as can be seen from the fact that several households, attracted by the charm of the shrine, have moved into the village in recent years.</p>

<p> Edward Relph, a Canadian geographer said that there are psychological connections named "sense of place" between people and place, and they are important in terms of making good places. In Japan, It is said that the urban developments without consideration of psychological connections have destroyed places and their social memory. The purpose of this research is to analyze the character and inheritance of "sense of place", by observing habitual use of places inherited in university students in Takadanobaba. There were three investigations and followings were obtained:</p><p> </p><p>1) The whole picture of places where university students usually use</p><p> It became clear that the places where university students usually use can be divided into fifty four groups based on the industry classification. University facilities, Izakaya, Ramen shop etc. were the most popular places. And it became clear that the places where university students usually use can be roughly divided into nine groups through analysis of purpose for using place. There are the places for intellectual activities, cultural activities, sports, shopping, drinking parties, eating, gathering, killing time and rest. Moreover, it became clear that university students were relating nine places with each other to be network.</p><p> </p><p>2) The target youth's formation process of Local-oriented mind</p><p> 162 habitual uses of places are gained through the survey. They can be roughly classified into two actions. One is action done by using necessary items already prepared in the places, and the other is actions done by bringing necessary items from other places by themselves. The latter is done in the outdoor space, and it became clear that it is done outside of university more than inside of university. It is confirmed that most places where habitual use of places are done were located around each campus and Takadanobaba Station. And it became clear that many habitual uses of places are done in three types of places; places for leisure activity, places as node, and places for moving.</p><p> </p><p>3) Actors for inheritance of "sense of place"</p><p> 134 habitual uses of places are inherited beyond school grade. Groups or people keeping on planning events and the groups with multi-generation members are main actors for inheritance of the habitual use of places, thus they are considered to be one of the actors for inheritance of "sense of place". And it became clear that two environments were important for the inheritance of "sense of place"; appropriate urban space for purpose and the experience of seeing behavior of others.</p>

<p> In many developed countries including Japan, it has been pointed out that the conventional intermediate group that stabilized society has been dismantled, and isolated individuals are exposed. On the other hand, in recent years, the group of young people who tend to build a strong human relationship locally and to complete the living area there has been drawing attention as one of the typologies of behavior that characterize the youth near the city center. They have been discussed mainly in the field of marketing in terms of their consumption behavior. Moreover, it has been pointed out that this group of youth tends to participate in regional events actively, such as local festivals and to have an orientation for local settlement. It is thought that their orientation for local settlement is based on local-oriented mind, which is formed with friends of elementary and junior high school days.</p><p> The purpose of this paper is to clarify the process that the group of young people, as an intermediate group based on the experiences of elementary and junior high school days, forming local-oriented mind from group discussion and life story survey. There were three investigations and following was obtained:</p><p> </p><p> 1) The target youth's sense of belonging to local area</p><p> The local memories shared by the group were collected by group discussion under daily circumstances and classified into seven topics. Also, by analyzing the transition of conversation, it became clear that the topic related to the comparison with the city center is the important one linked with many topics. Based on the result, this paper analyzed how the target young people form a sense of belonging to the localities from the viewpoint of the distinction of behaviors in between city center and their local area. As a result, the target young people formed a sense of belonging to the localities by we-feeling; They do not pay attention to interpersonal attitudes, conversation contents, and clothes except for superior people in their local area. They try to be associate with someone carefully in the local are because they think the rumors spread very quickly. And unlike in the city, they can enjoy entertainment activities without considering trends.</p><p> </p><p> 2) The target youth's formation process of Local-oriented mind</p><p> Through interview of life story, it became obvious that the range of activities in junior high school days influences the formation of intermediate group by analyzing the local scope affecting the formation of intermediate group from the psychological local scope and places spoken as activity places by developmental stages of youth. Also, by analyzing the temporal and spatial changes of young activities that form local-oriented and its factors from contents of narratives, it became found that from the late infancy to the late adolescence, while receiving the influence of a friend relationship during junior high school, activities forming local-oriented mind is changing.</p><p> </p><p> 3) Consciousness for the living in the future and its background factors</p><p> From the results of the survey on the consciousness for the living in the future, it became clear that the intermediate group itself is mediating the local-oriented mind and influences the intention of settlement and the positive participation of local events.</p>

&nbsp;These days, "a place for community" is attracting more attention. "A place for community" is the place operated flexibly, mainly as a cafe with a various activities such as class of hobby, exhibition or retailing. As the concern about social isolation growing, the place come to be expected to be a solution for the issue. However, with taking consideration of characteristics of group such as "bonding", the relationship made by "a place for community" may be have exclusiveness to outgroups. Especially because a bonding group strengthen common trait of group members in general, risk that individual trait causing isolation might be strengthen after group composed by " a place for community", and the group itself will be estranged from local society as a result.<br>&nbsp;With this respect, this paper aims to clarify the actual condition and background of group isolation of "a place for community". Three following focusing point has set and different survey has conducted ; 1) "Visitor record analysis" to grasp situation that some of users have characteristic as a group and get &ldquo;bonding&rdquo;. 2) Questionnaires and interviews to frequent users of the case facility to grasp situation that the group members have trait harming relationship with local society, in common. 3) Questionnaires to the people familiar with local society and analysis about events held in the case facility to grasp the situation that the group is estranged from local society.<br>&nbsp;As a result, following findings were obtained.<br><br>&nbsp;1) The number of frequent users has a steady state and frequent users tend to be fixed. The existence of steady state reveal the aspect of frequent users as a group, and fixed users means the exclusiveness of the group. These findings suggest that the frequent users of the case is "bonding" as a group.<br>&nbsp;2) Most of the frequent users have negative feelings to communication among neighbors and health problems in common. On the other hand, those frequent users are not necessarily the patient of clinic which operates the case, and their housing situation is almost same as the average in the district where the case locate. This finding suggests that the number of potential users is not so small, and a lot of "place for community" can get into the situation of group isolation.<br>&nbsp;3) Only about half of the target person from local society know the existence of the case facility and less than 30% people has understood what the case is doing. In addition, according to the analysis about events held in the case facility, it clarified that the large number of events held with medical and nursing association, and the number of events held with neighborhood or ordinary association in neighbor (e.g. restaurant, general store and NPO) is small. These findings suggest that the situation of case facility being estranged from local society, and have connection with medical and nursing association in contrast.<br>&nbsp;4) Findings about the common trait of frequent users and social relationship with outgroup of the case facility, correspondence between common trait of users and relationship with outgroup can be seen. This correspondence seem to be caused by the flexibility of &ldquo;a place for community&rdquo;, which is important characteristic of &ldquo;a place for community&rdquo; to make relationships among users and get users &ldquo;bonding&rdquo;. The important point of group isolation is that a factor preventing communication with local society plays a role during this process of &ldquo;bonding&rdquo;.<br>&nbsp;5) As a whole, "a place for community" has a risk that small group get &ldquo;bonding&rdquo; toward refusing communication with local society.

&nbsp;Looking over the updating of urban space such as advanced use of space and function update is highly suggestive in reading social issues of each age and the consciousness of planners. Nowadays, with the relocation of the Olympic games and Tsukiji Market, interest in urban space renewal is increasing. It is not a regional fragmentary discussion, but it is required to summarize the whole picture of space updating and designer's awareness that has gone through in Tokyo and to critically discuss future updating methods.<br>&nbsp;In this paper, taking the 77 districts of urban redevelopment as an example, we examined what kinds of areas have been subject to renewal in Tokyo and how the new city image has been drawn for those areas in a timely manner. Through this investigation, the whole picture of the renewal of urban space that has been done so far was identified based on the statistical analysis.<br><br>&nbsp;1) The typology of existing environment and building change<br>&nbsp;We classified the former land use targeted by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government for redevelopment projects and analyzed the renewal of building use and building coverage by development on a timely basis for each type. As a first result, seven types of conventional land use were obtained, and it became clear that they are changing to biased use. Secondly, at the initial stage of redevelopment, the pension rate of business facilities has been on an upward trend, but in recent years a wider open space has been added. On the other hand, it was found that the building peculiarity is planned to increase in the redevelopment of the residential area in recent years.<br><br>&nbsp;2) The transition of aims of district plan by administration<br>&nbsp;We categorized the development goals that Tokyo Metropolitan Government gave to each district plan and analyzed their regional differences and transitions. As a result, four types of aim were obtained. While the "Cutting-edge development driving type" that forms a new city has decreased, it is clarified that "Habitability raising type" that improves the basic performance for living in the area tends to increase mainly in the three central wards of Tokyo.<br><br>&nbsp;3) Planner's discourses about concept of area update and interpretation of existing environments<br>&nbsp;By analyzing the narratives on architectural specialty magazines that argued about the plans in the areas targeted for redevelopment, we revealed the transition of discussions that occurred with redevelopment. In the early stage of redevelopment, despite the immature debate, there was a tendency to tell the consciousness for new age and forming of new urban images. In recent years the discussion has matured, and development has been discussed from various viewpoints. However, the trend of new age consciousness and urban images tends to be decreasing, and it became clear that the explanation of the problems rooted in the community and the necessity of urban renewal are becoming the main story for urban update, instead of creating the new vision of Tokyo.

&nbsp;In Tokyo, the accumulation of various restaurants is realized as resources of food culture. Nowadays, &ldquo;eating experiences&rdquo; in restaurants is getting important. However, the study on the quality of eating experiences and its geographical characters has hardly been conducted. Thus, it is important to reveal the empirical value of eating in the urban area. The purpose of this study is to identify the geographical characteristics of restaurants accumulation and &ldquo;eating experiences&rdquo; within Tokyo wards area. Through this research, the following has been identified:<br><br>&nbsp;1) The distribution characteristics of restaurants accumulation<br>&nbsp;In the 3^rd chapter, the correlations among the geographical distribution trend of 19 types of restaurants were revealed. They were divided into 3 similar groups and 7 independent groups. Then these accumulations were categorized into 3 similar groups. &ldquo;Types with correlation between diner (A. - E.)&rdquo; accumulated along Yamanote line and the linear area spreading from central Tokyo area to Shibuya area. &ldquo;F. Traditional food and Japanese Food&rdquo; accumulated into northern Tokyo wards area. &ldquo;G. Soba and Udon and Chinese Food&rdquo; accumulated into eastern Tokyo wards area.<br>&nbsp;Second, the accumulation characteristic of all restaurants was figured out and it became clear that restaurants accumulated in 5 areas; (a) area with some parallel lines in Tokyo wards area, (b) lines from Shinjuku to eastern wards area, (c) lines from Shibuya to eastern wards area, (d) around Ikebukuro, and (e) some station areas on the suburban railroads. Third, based on these characteristics of restaurants accumulation and the number of passengers, station areas could be divided into 4 similar groups; (a) Multiple types, Few passengers, (b) Multiple types, Many passengers, (c) Single type, Few passengers, and (d) Single type, Many passengers.<br><br>&nbsp;2) The typology of eating experiences and its differences among station areas<br>&nbsp;In the 4^th chapter, station areas with noticeable trend of each groups based on the characteristics of restaurants accumulation and the number of passengers were extracted. These were 9 station areas, which are Keiseiueno, Uenookachimachi, Shinjuku, Shibuya, Higashishinjuku, Daikanyama, Kitasenju, Ohtemachi, and Meguro. Second, regional characteristics based on &ldquo;eating experience&rdquo; were cleared. As a result, 82 types of enjoyable &ldquo;eating experience&rdquo; in Tokyo wards area were extracted. Then, they are divided into &ldquo;contents (32)&rdquo;, &ldquo;spaces (26)&rdquo;, &ldquo;events (15)&rdquo; and &ldquo;surroundings (9)&rdquo;. With respect to &ldquo;contents&rdquo;, Higashishinjuku and Daikanyama shows original trend but others didn't have distinguished trend. With respect to &ldquo;spaces&rdquo;, there were no differences by station areas. With respect to &ldquo;events&rdquo;, there were no differences by station areas without Higashishinjuku and Ohtemachi. With respect to &ldquo;surroundings&rdquo;, it was identified that the &ldquo;surroundings&rdquo; is the most unique &ldquo;earing experiences&rdquo; which differs by station areas. Then, summarizing characteristics of station areas based on these 4 &ldquo;eating experiences&rdquo;, 5 regional characteristics based on specialized cluster within &ldquo;contents&rdquo; and extra specialization in eating experiences were identified; (a) enjoy contents (Uenookachimachi and Higashishinjuku), (b) enjoy alcoholic drink and spaces, (c) enjoy ambience, (d) enjoy events, and (e) enjoy location and night view. These characteristics were different from those we have seen in the analysis of restaurants accumulation and the number of passengers. Therefore these were unique characteristics seen from &ldquo;eating experiences&rdquo;.

&nbsp;As demands of consumers are getting more diverse, downtown and residential areas in Japan have changed to satisfy various image requirements, not just functional differences. It should not be overlooked that the activities of people who make, sell, and interact with their hobbies are growing to a non-negligible economic scale, with invisible change of landscape. In this research, through interview surveys at multiple exhibition spot sale meetings held in the Tokyo metropolitan area, we grasp the actual state of the hand-made craft market and the social background of their formation. We grasped the position of handmade craft market in chapter 2 and clarified the following three points.<br><br>&nbsp;1) The system of the places for activities constituting the hand-made craft market of hobbies<br>&nbsp;The places for procurement of materials diversified in the real space and the Internet space, and they came to satisfy the quality, kindness, reasonable prices, convenience for the producers. Production of handmade crafts are enhanced by outside places and services such as shared workshops and the vendor services. In addition, the places for selling works has also diversified, with exhibitions and craft market services, the producers felt delighted that their work gained empathy with the purchasers and exchanges between artists and fans were born. These facts lead to their motivation for making. Almost all of the producers are using SNS to receive information and stimulated from works of other artists, and they also try to exhibit / advertise their works in SNS. It was found that the development of SNS supported the hand-made craft market, which have physical and non-physical places on the internet, crossing the process of materials procurement, production of handcrafts, and selling of their works.<br><br>&nbsp;2) Types of hobby handmade craft market participants and their characters<br>&nbsp;Participants who started making their works and joined the handmade craft market could be classified into six types, and characters of each types are revealed, based on their motivations, sex, using of interest, working environment, school, occupation and so on. There are diverse participants, one purely enjoys making their works, while another one tries to sell their works, and some have activities for exhibitions and exchanges. It was found that these diverse participants with different purposes were gathered and formed a hand-made craft market.<br><br>&nbsp;3) Space and social function of the places for making handcrafts, case study of shared studios<br>&nbsp;In the chapter 5, we targeted at the &ldquo;share studio&rdquo;, which is a new working model for handmade crafts. The share studio is a space that can be flexibly changed in layout according to the purpose of use, such as the installation of wheeled equipment, and it has the features that they are located in convenient places close to the station. We had investigation at three shared studios in Tokyo. They are not only providing a place for production but also a system of support for manufacturing of both hobbies and main businesses, while they are also providing a place for exchange of artists and information. They also have a role of expanding the base of monozukuri. They are widely used as a place of production for people who are hard to make their works in their own houses. These shared studios are established as a place to support "making things by yourself that is not by mass production".

バラック飲み屋街の大部分は、近年において開発の危機や店主の引退により減少傾向にある。しかし同時に、地域資源として積極的にその価値を評価する立場も存在している。そのような中で新宿ゴールデン街は観光地化や若い世代からの出店の増加が近年進んでおり、新旧の店舗が併存し地域全体が転換期にあると言える。以上より、新宿ゴールデン街における店舗の更新実態を、地域社会を活かし共有されてきた店主間のアドバイスとともに記録し、地域の共有財として継承する必要性を再認識することは、今後地域の都市更新を考える上で重要である。本研究では、新宿ゴールデン街の更新過程において新旧の店舗の混在という点に着目し、その更新の様相を詳細に捉える。またそのために、更新過程において店主間で交わされたアドバイスの内容とその機会を把握する。より具体的には以下の3点を明らかにする。1)店舗数の増減から見た歴史的特徴(第2章),2)新旧店舗の混在とその更新の実態(第3章),3)店舗更新時における店主間のアドバイスとその継承の機会(第4章)以上より新宿ゴールデン街の更新とそれに伴う店主間のアドバイスを把握し、今後の課題について論じる。

産業遺産を保存する活動が近年見られるようになった。しかし、現行の保存認定事業では重要な関連施設が「認定外」となるケースも多い。本研究では認定外の遺産をも包括した産業遺産の継承価値を明確化する。「近代化産業遺産群」 を対象として、産業遺産を中心とした地域展開と活用実態を把握する。大臣認定された「認定遺産要素」大臣認定されていないが地域から認知を得る関連施設「認定外遺産要素」、双方に着目して地域資産としての産業遺産の位置づけや価値を評価する。研究により以下を明らかにした。「認定遺産要素」の殆どが産業に直接的に関連する施設であった。 一方「認定外遺産要素」は産業関連施設に加えて、生活関連施設が多く含まれている。特に住居等の比較的公共性の低い施設も含まれていることは「認定外遺産要素」のみの際立った特徴である。産業遺産の意義は多岐にわたるが【歴史的意義】【教育的意義】【景観的意義】の3領域に大別できる。「認定遺産要素」は【歴史的意義】【教育的意義(特に環境学習的観点)】、「認定外遺産要素」は【景観的意義】【教育的意義(特に民俗学的観点)】が重視されており、これらは相互補完的関係にあると言える。

&nbsp;Since the Japanese housing system was marketed at the end of the 20th century, a huge amount of private sale housings were built and became a receiver for the people who returned to the metropolitan area. As more than 20 years have passed since the arrival of the era of urban core revival, it is indispensable to analyze &ldquo;lifestyle images&rdquo; seen in the housing market to read changes in the living environment.<br>&nbsp;The purpose of this paper is to clarify how residential housing has changed the living environment by analyzing expressions used in housing advertisement. There were three investigations and following was obtained:<br><br>&nbsp;1) Location and value change of private sale housing under the era of urban core revival<br>&nbsp;It became clear that the private sale housing in the era of urban core revival can be roughly divided into two groups. One is a group of houses (named &ldquo;standard private sale houses&rdquo;) with a price of 30-60 million yen in size of 60-89 square meters and a floor height of 15 floors or less, and the other is a group of houses with various characters (named &ldquo;special private sale houses&rdquo;). The former is distributed throughout the metropolitan area, whereas the latter was found to have a radial distribution structure centered around the Yamanote line. Also, paying attention to the difference in living environment value, the former will only enjoy the basic value, while the latter will enjoy more diverse and image-wise value. As mentioned above, two groups with different properties have been supplied to private sale houses to promote population return to central Tokyo.<br><br>&nbsp;2) Transition of the regional image caused by soaring and falling of residential land prices<br>&nbsp;Based on the value expression of the location area in the housing advertisement, it became clear that the regional images were categorized into six clusters, each having a unique distribution tendency. While three regional images of &ldquo;CL1: low convenience area with lacking of living facilities&rdquo;, &ldquo;CL3: low image area with lacking of natural values&rdquo;, and &ldquo;CL4: high ground permanent-living area&rdquo; tend to be distributed throughout the metropolitan area, &rdquo;CL2 education / security specialized area&rdquo; tend to be distributed around 20km from central Tokyo, and &ldquo;CL5: urban area with entertainment&rdquo; and &ldquo;CL6: advanced image inclusive area&rdquo; are distributed mainly around the peripheral area and some coastal areas. Next, looking at the transition of regional images under the return to the city center, we found that the transition to &ldquo;CL3: low image area with lacking of natural values&rdquo; is mainly progressing in the whole metropolitan area. Areas that achieved transitions of regional images different from these were extracted as "transitions of unique area images" from this analysis.<br><br>&nbsp;3) Actual state of the areas that achieved transitions of unique regional images<br>&nbsp;In the six areas that achieved "transitions of unique area images", small factories, condominiums, detached houses, apartment complexes, corporate houses were found to be subject to renewal. Among them, in the price rising region, there is a diverse characteristic in the change of building uses, and accordingly there was a difference in the transition of the regional images. On the other hand, in the price falling area, construction of condominiums is progressing but there is no clear difference in the change of building use. Instead of it, it was grasped that cognitive changes in location areas such as expansion of the view of the surrounding area, replacement from the natural environment to the child rearing environment, accreditation and boost by the administration are strongly influenced on the transition of regional images in the price falling area.

親子世帯が近い距離に住まい、できる範囲で助け合いながら暮らす「近居」に注目が集まっている。しかし、子世帯からの支援が過度なものになれば、高齢者当人の外出行動を妨げ自立性を阻害するなどの恐れもある。これまでのところ、近居による「共助」が高齢者の外出行動に与える影響については殆ど検証されていない。外出行動は高齢者の肉体的・精神的健康を維持する上で重要な要素であり、近居がもたらす外出行動への影響を明らかにすることは、多世帯での同居・近居への自治体などによる政策的支援が広がりをみせるなか、喫緊の課題である。本研究では、親世帯・子世帯の居住地間の時間距離（以下「親子間距離」）の違いが生む、高齢者の外出行動の差異を把握するとともに、高齢者の生活上の不安や問題意識と合わせ、近居の相対的特徴を描出する。そこで、様々な居住形態が確認できる大都市圏郊外部を対象地域とした。本研究を通して、以下のことが明らかになった。1）親子間距離関係よって、高齢者の外出行動に差異が生じる。2）近居世帯の中でも、子世帯への依存度によって、外出行動に差が生じる。3）老後に対する不安は、子世帯への依存度や自立性に左右される。

本研究は、都市近郊部の変容を農業基盤および祭事運営基盤について村落単位で追うことにより、今後の適切な地域運営・地域自治を考える際の留意事項を明らかにすることを目的とする。本研究では、都市近郊に位置する埼玉県三郷市の村落を対象とする。まず、(1)対象地域の変遷を把握する。そして、農林業センサスデータを用いて分析を行い、(2)村落の農業基盤の変化を把握する。また、各村落の祭事、祭事運営、地域自治との関係から(3)祭事運営基盤の変容を把握する。それらをふまえ、(4)農業基盤と祭事運営基盤の変容関係を考察する。その上でケーススタディとして村落を選定し、(5)祭事運営体制の変容実態を明らかにし、(6)地域の変化との変容関係について考察する

パブリックスペースとは多種多様な活動を受け入れる都市において重要な空間であり、その質の向上に向けて様々な取り組みがなされている。取り組みの一例として、オープンカフェや屋台等、食を通した屋外での賑わい創出が着目されている。一方で、臨機応変に営業することが可能な移動販売車（以下、フードトラック）も米国をはじめ脚光を浴びるようになり、また、近年では我が国においてもパブリックスペースの簡易的な活用方法として注目され、社会実験を通して実用化に向けた検討がされるようになった。 これらを踏まえ、フードトラックをパブリックスペースの賑わい創出の活用手段として、現状の出店状況や事業者目線からみた空間利用や課題を整理し、今後の政策に繋げることは重要である。 本研究では、フードトラックに着目し、首都圏における出店の現状を把握するにあたり、以下の2点を明らかにする： (1)空間利用許可を踏まえた首都圏における出店傾向（3章） (2)営業形態に応じた空間マネジメントの課題（4章） 以上より、今後パブリックスペースにてフードトラックを活用していく上でのマネジメントの知見を提示する。

初期に開発された日本のニュータウンは現在、人口減少や施設の老朽化などの問題を抱えている。とりわけ、これらのニュータウンの商業施設として計画された「近隣センター」は苦境に立たされている。そこで、周辺エリアを含めて、商業環境の変化を丁寧に読み解き、生活拠点としての近隣センターの役割を再定位することは重要であると考えられる。 本研究では、以下の3点を明らかにした。1）ニュータウン内部に加えて、隣接地域を含めた商業施設立地から、当初近隣センターが担っていた商業機能の一部が外部に移っていること。2）近隣センターの機能変化として、小売店舗数が減少し、新たにNPOや福祉が新規参入している傾向があり、近隣センターによって、機能変化の程度に差があること。3）住民は距離的近接性を重視して近隣センターやコンビニを選んでおり、こうした実態は近距離施設の重要性を指摘していること。

1990年代後半から、急速な高層マンション建設により都心回帰が起こり、東京の都心部における新規住民流入が著しい。既存住民と新規住民の地域交流における問題は数多く指摘されており、近年は地縁の希薄化などにより町内会の重要性が再認識され始めている。このような背景を踏まえ、人口流入の多い高層マンション集積地において、町内会における新規住民と既存住民の関係性や交流に着目する必要性がある。本研究では、東京23区の主な高層マンション集積地に着目してその特徴を整理し、各町内会が運営する地域活動と既存住民と新規住民の交流の実態を把握する。また、既存住民と新規住民の活発な交流が多数行われている町内会を選定し、コミュニティ構築を促す取組みと体制を明らかにする。以上の2点から、高層マンション集積地における開発と町内会体制の関係性を整理することにより、今後の町内会運営への示唆とする。

東京「下町」は、近年東京スカイツリーの開業を契機に観光地化し、多くの観光客を誘致している。加えて、現在下町は、人的・物的双方の観点から、これまでにない都市更新の時期を迎えている。これらの要因から歴史の中で育まれてきた下町像をいかに受け継いでいくかという問題が生じており、今後さらに観光地化していくであろう東京スカイツリー周辺地域でこれまで脈々と共有されてきた下町像を、それが伝承されてきた人間関係のあり方とともに記録し、地域の共有財として継承する必要性を再認識することは、地域の将来像の構築を考える上で重要である。本研究では、東京スカイツリーの建設により近年下町観光地として注目される墨田区の東京スカイツリー周辺地域を対象として、具体的には以下の２点を明らかにする。 1)伝承集団の分類と伝承行動の実態（3章） 2)地域の記憶にみる下町像の世代間差異および語られる下町像と伝承集団の関係(4章)以上より、生活者のもつ地域の記憶と伝承行為からTS開発以前より共有される下町像を捉えた。

1990年代から都市居住者が過疎山間地域に移り住む流れが生まれている一方、過疎山間地域では担い手不足や生産能力の低下等の問題が深刻化している。これまでその改善に向けた様々な人的支援の取り組みがなされてきた。しかし、受け入れ自治体側は、外部人材の任期中の短絡的な成果ばかりを評価する傾向があり、任期後の外部人材との関係維持や協力・協働の方法の模索がなされないまま事業の取り組みを中断してしまうことが多い。今後、都市-過疎山間地域間の人の移動が現在よりさらに一般的になっていく時代を迎えるにあたり、人的支援の取り組みの長期継続により構築された地域内での多様な社会関係の実態を把握することが重要である。そこで、本研究では隊員と受け入れ主体の社会関係の中でも、より親密な関係であると考えられる、相互支援の関係構築に着目し、「緑のふるさと協力隊」事業に長期的に取り組んでいる群馬県上野村において、(1)隊員側からみる相互支援の関係の成り立ち(2)受け入れ主体側からみる受け入れ体制の実態を明らかにする。以上を踏まえ、より早期に隊員と受け入れ主体の相互支援の関係を成り立たせるための受け入れ体制を提言する。

本稿では北海道紋別郡西興部村を対象地域として設定し、中山間地域における酪農家の視点から猟区活動の妥当性を評価したものであり、産業保全に向けた猟区活用の課題を整理している。本稿では、以下の三点を研究の目的としている。1)酪農活動と狩猟活動の時間的差異2)酪農家による獣害対策と狩猟活動の空間的差異3)猟区制度に対する酪農家の評価以上の三点をそれぞれヒアリング調査から明らかにすることにより、結論として、 猟区制度の機能不全、酪農家と狩猟者の関係性を考察した結果、課題解決に向けた要点は以下の二点に整理された。 (1)適切な猟区範域と猟区制度の設定 (2)酪農家による獣害対策の手段を整備これらを解決する事が猟区制度の下での秩序ある狩猟と鳥獣害対策の両立につながると考える。

This study aims identify the characteristics of eye fixation of test subjects in order to lay a solid foundation for the urban cityscape analysis from a high elevation. More specifically, from the tendency of eye fixation, the distribution of point of gaze and a target of gaze were analyzed. To achieve this goal, six image samples obtained from Tokyo Sky-tree (Height 350m) and an Eye-Mark Recorder (EMR) were used in order to understand the viewing experience of the urban cityscape from above. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: 1) Subjects tended to view the urban cityscape from a high elevation in a horizontal manner and gaze into the distance rather than nearby. 2) From the aspect of visual focal points, subjects tended to focus on high-rise buildings or a group of high-rise buildings. More specifically the number of focal points increased as the distance of gaze increased and there was also a tendency to focus on symbolic buildings.

In recent years there is a strong interest in identifying and utilizing the local landscape or lifescape elements within planning and design. One method to identify these local characteristics is the Machizukuri Oral History Survey method. This method primarily focuses on gathering the memories of the local residents, living within a particular region and identifies the communal values relating to space, people, things and events. Although this method is effective, there can be a limit in collecting large amount of data due to time and human resource constraints. Thus in order to reduce the burden of the researcher or investigator, many interactive digital archives, allowing the documentation and visualization of local based historical data, utilizing the latest technology have been developed over the years. Currently many of these digital archives mainly utilize point-based geographic data sets, due to its nature in spatial accuracy. But on the other hand, since these systems do not utilize line-based or area-based geographic data sets, it can be argued that there may be a limited capacity in collecting a variety of data and information relating to the spatial widespread or extension of seen in a regional area. The purpose of this research is to identify the informational attributes, which can be obtained though the utilization of diverse geo-tag features (point-based, line-based, area-based) when gathering local historic data.

&nbsp;The purpose of this study is to clarify the constructing of machizukuri system based by residents' activities on hometown tax through a case study on &ldquo;Autonomy Institution of Machizukuri of Ikeda&rdquo; in Ikeda Town, Fukui Prefecture.<br>&nbsp;The results are the following: "The project to realize a small happiness" which is the main project of "Autonomy Institution of Machizukuri of Ikeda", has served by producing 41 machizukuri activities and encouraged the gradual development of machizukuri activities, which lead to educating the residents to become as actors for decision-making. The member of the &ldquo;Autonomy Machizukuri Committee&rdquo;, which is the decision-making organization of &ldquo;Autonomy Institution of Machizukuri of Ikeda&rdquo;, has changed from outside contributors to residents. Along with the change of members of the committee, the initiative of decision-making shifted from outside contributors to organization by residents and and machizukuri system by residents has been constructed.

The purpose of this research is to identify the spatiotemporal characteristics of values of living environment, based on the analysis of housing advertisements within the Tokyo metropolitan area from 1980 to 2010. (1)Firstly the values were sampled as 102 groups based on their meanings, and their tendency of increase and decrease was revealed. (2) Secondly the housings were classified into 7 types and their geographical characteristics were identified. (3)And finally the qualitative changes of the values which reflect the transformation of the center of tokyo metropolitan area were revealed, which were represented as "being high-rised" of housings, "being imageable" of the nature, "being security - biased" of safeties, and "being individual - biased" of families. At the same time in the whole metropolitan area, "being indoor" of the comfortableness and diversification of families were also identified.

現在文化活動としてのストリートダンスは計画者の意図と異なり、都市空間を私的に利用する形で表出している。公共空間を私的利用しているストリートダンサーはしばしば「不良」のように問題視されてしまっている。しかし、このような状況下においてもストリートダンスは都市空間のいたる所で出没し活動を続けている。これは成熟した都市である東京首都圏が、新たな文化活動としてのストリートダンスを空間的・社会的に何らかの形で受容していると考えられる。本研究ではストリートダンスにおいて象徴的な活動場所である損保ジャパンビルを中心に利用しているダンサーを対象に、二次・三次的な活動場所の利用実態の分析を通して、首都圏において持続して活動を行う為の空間的・社会的要素について明らかする。これにより現代のような空間管理社会における文化活動が根付く為の公共空間のあり方について新しい視座を与える。

本研究は、地域社会におけるコミュニティビジネスの創出及び育成に向け、ネットワーク組織が果たす中間支援の役割及びその効果について明らかにすることを目的としている。ネットワーク組織の機能に着目することで、以下の三点を明らかにした。第一に、多主体の連携（とりわけ地域の事業者と地域金融機関との連携）によって、効果的なコミュニティビジネスの育成が可能となること。第二に、ネットワーク組織が地域事業者の地域に対する意識の醸成に寄与し、事業者間の連携や協働を促進する基盤となっていること。第三に、コミュニティビジネスが活発化することでネットワーク組織もまた活発化するという好循環を通じて、持続的なネットワーク形成と展開が可能となっていること。以上の分析を通じ、ネットワーク組織の観点から今後のコミュニティビジネスの育成方策についての提言を行う。

本研究では、わが国の代表的なアニメ産業集積地である東京西郊を分析の対象地として、アニメ制作企業における立地選好の変化をデジタルに伴う作業工程の変化に着目して分析を行う。具体的には次の2点を明らかにする。（1）デジタル化に伴う作業工程の変化 。（2）デジタル化前後における立地要因の変化。近年、コンテンツ産業はその高い成長性から注目されている。その中でも、アニメ産業地域経済の牽引役として期待されている。デジタル化に伴うアニメ産業の立地要因とその変化を分析することは、産業集積の展開を推定する事になるほか、ポスト工業化時代における地域経済の牽引役として重要性を高めつつある、コンテンツ産業の立地特性を理解するためにも重要である。

本稿では北海道紋別郡西興部村を対象地域として設定し、中山間地域における酪農家の視点から猟区活動の妥当性を評価したものであり、産業保全に向けた猟区活用の課題を整理している。本稿では、以下の三点を研究の目的としている。1)酪農活動と狩猟活動の時間的差異2)酪農家による獣害対策と狩猟活動の空間的差異3)猟区制度に対する酪農家の評価以上の三点をそれぞれヒアリング調査から明らかにすることにより、結論として、 猟区制度の機能不全、酪農家と狩猟者の関係性を考察した結果、課題解決に向けた要点は以下の二点に整理された。 (1)適切な猟区範域と猟区制度の設定 (2)酪農家による獣害対策の手段を整備これらを解決する事が猟区制度の下での秩序ある狩猟と鳥獣害対策の両立につながると考える。

The purpose of this research is to observe the multi-layered-mixture of commercial accumulation in Akihabara. This paper will focus particularly on mixture of various business types and will create a three dimensional floor map for analysis. The summarised result are as follows: 1) The inter-mixed relationship within each building is composed of not only various business types, but old-new stores inter-mixed within a building. 2) When focusing on the change of Akihabara's commercial structure, the city had become widely diverse where each building is configured of several business types. 3) In order to identify the changes in each business inter-mixture type within Akihabara, a hearing survey was carried out. Through inquiring the local merchant association and traditional shopkeepers, it has been identified that it is difficult for buildings being occupied by one store to continue its business due to the lack of flexibility to meet modern day market needs. On the other hand traditional businesses and modern subculture stores are more sustainable due to its small in scale operation.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the roles of coordinating organization of human support in rural area. Through this research of "Midori no Furusato Supporters", the following 3 points became clear: 1）Actual conditions of the Matching of green earth center, 2）Actual conditions of the Supporting of green earth center, 3）Potential usefulness and problems of green earth center. In conclusion, for the effective inflection of human support, the roles of coordinating organization is: In initial phase, (1) :Supporting the construction of system of use, (2): Supplying of outside supporters based on a certain level In continuation phase, (3): Encouraging area to get outside supporter on their own, (4): Reviewing the system of use to match the existing human support system During all phases, (5): Accumulating human network and information as the hub, (6): Supporting in case of emergency

The utilisation of big data and civic technology has grown tremendously in the public sector since 2010. Within the field of urban planning and design, the usage of data generated by civic technology applications, in order to identify the needs of a particular community or region, is starting to gain attention. However on the other hand additional research and exploration is called for to better understand the issues revolving around the development of useful civic technology tools. The purpose of this research is to identify the following. 1)Identify the general functions of civic apps which have been currently developed, and its rate of utilisation by local government organisations. 2) Identify the current structural data properties of big data being generated by civic apps. 3)Identify the current issues in developing useful (participatory) and flexible (collaborative, transparent) civc technology tools and the phase (from the development of applications to utilisation of data) in which these issues are centered .

本研究では民間事業者によるひとり親家庭を対象とした運営実態と社会的役割を明らかにする上で以下の3点を把握する。(1)入居者が得る各種メリットとその発生要因 (2)事業者による生活環境の整備実態と問題点への対応体制 (3)「ペアレンティングホーム」の準・要支援世帯支援における社会的な位置付け。本調査は関連事業者に対するヒアリングを軸にしている。都市をより多くの人にとって住み良い場所にするために、社会的弱者を支援するために何が必要なのかを理解する必要がある。本研究では民間事業者によるサービス付きシェアハウスが共助を基軸としたひとり親家庭同士の支え合いを生み出す可能性を有しているとわかった。社会的弱者支援は解決されるべき問題であり、シェアハウスを基盤とした支援事業はその可能性を十分に有していると言える。

生活の質の向上と心身の健康の維持のため、高齢者の外出促進の重要性が高まっている。外出行動は高齢者と都市空間との関係を考える上で、都市計画的課題になりつつある。本研究では、要介護者の外出行動の実態とデイサービスが提供する外出支援の課題を明らかにしている。また、調査では大田区の外出支援を行っているデイサービスセンター（以下、DS）において、ボランティアとして勤務しながら、65歳以上の要介護者を対象として、ヒアリングおよび参与観察を行った。本研究では以下の3点を明らかにした。1)利用者の日常生活における外出行動を自立積極型、依存積極型、自立消極型、依存消極型の4類型に分類し、類型別に外出行動の実態を把握した。2)利用者の外出行動に差異を生む要因として、身体状況、家族環境、居住環境、生活習慣の4点が挙げられ、外出行動の促進・抑制に影響することが明らかになった。3)DSによる外出支援サービスの実態を空間的に把握し、利用者が外出支援を利用する理由を明らかにした。以上から利用者の外出行動を類型ごとに考察することによって、DSに求める外出支援の全体像と課題を明らかにした。

将来的に人口減少が見込まれる中、過去に大規模な開発によって整備された郊外は衰退の一途を辿っている。その中で新規に若年層を郊外、特に多くの住居を抱える郊外団地に新規に若年層を流入させ定住させる要因を明らかにする事は郊外の新たな可能性を提示するために有意義な知見だと考えられる。そこで本研究は交通脆弱地域の郊外団地における若年層の流入及び定住要因を明らかにする事を目的とする。調査及び分析の結果、若年層が郊外団地に入居する要因は若年層の親世代が入居した頃の住宅街・団地が周辺にある・市や民間によって過去に団地近隣の緑地が保全されていることが起因だと推測される。また、定住を促す要因は企業と自治会の恊働によって交通利便性が維持されている・行政や自治会によって子育て環境が設備的にも組織的にも整っている・自治会に参加しやすい環境が整っていることが起因だと思われる。郊外団地に若年層を流入・定住させるには行政・企業・自治会の各主体が若年層のニーズを常に考え場や制度を整える必要がある。

地縁に基づいたコミュニティの崩壊を受け、既存のネットワークとは異なる形で地域活動を維持することの重要性が高まりつつある。本研究では、地域活動の拠点となりうるコミュニティカフェ(以下、C.C.)の中でも、さらに地域外部との交流拠点ともなりうる、特有のテーマ性を持ったC.C.(以下、テーマ型C.C.)に着目する。その上で、テーマ型C.C.の運営者および関係を持つ団体にヒアリングを行い、持続的な地域活動における役割とそのメカニズム明らかにすることを目的とする。以下の点が明らかとなった；(1)テーマ型C.C.は地域周辺と良好な関係を形成した場において、地域活動の拠点となる。(2)地域活動を通してネットワークを形成した結果、関連団体は主体的に活動へ参加する意向が見られた。これは、テーマ型C.C.が、テーマに基づいた活動の経験や人材を地域側に紹介し、新たな活動が展開されたためである。(3)テーマ型C.C.は地域活動の拠点、および地域外部団体間との経験や人材を提供する役割を担う。これは、テーマ型C.C.が多目的の活動拠点を整備し、特有のテーマ性を有していたため可能であった。

現代の繁華街空間は様々なメディアで溢れている。近年では、建築物の表層や内部の空間においてデジタルサイネージの普及が進んでいる。本研究では、独自のデザインルールをベースとして、地元組織が主体となり都市景観の整備を行っている銀座地区におけるデジタルサイネージの全数調査を通じて、DSの掲出実態に関して以下の2点を明らかにした。(1)デジタルサイネージの分布からみる設置傾向。DSの分布とその設置傾向から、DSは表通りや裏通りなど、その立地ごとに異なる設置傾向をもつということを明らかにした。(2)デジタルサイネージの映像が持つ情報と分布の傾向。DSの映像が持つ情報数と内容の傾向から、DSの映像は設置業種によってその傾向が異なるということを明らかにした。以上から、掲出実態を明らかにし、DSのデザインコントロールにむけた、協議対象や今後の方策について論じている。

昨今我が国を含めた先進諸国においては、社会の成熟とともに知識重視社会に向かいつつあり、教育インフラの重要性が高まっている。本研究では、サードプレイスで学習をする都市生活者を調査・分析したところ、以下の3点が結果として明らかになった。1）サードプレイスで学習する際の意思決定プロセスには、「学習を目的として場所を選択する場合」と「場所を選択する事を目的とする場合」の2種類がある。居住地や就学先周辺では、前者が多くみられた。2）サードプレイスで学習する理由には、物的な側面の動機と心的な側面の動機がある。このうち、心的な動機は、学習意欲に対して強い影響を与えている。3）サードプレイスで学習する人は「人がいる」「一人になれる」という2つの対極的な欲求を持っている。それを満たし、かつ求める物的環境の快適性を有する場所として、サードプレイスが利用されていた。以上のようにサードプレイスは都市における学習場所として価値を有していた。

都市のみならず集落においても疎遠になりがちな地域住民間の関係構築・維持に神社などの既存の共有財を活かすことが考えられる。かつて政策として行われた神社整理で地域によっては神社の数は著しく減少した。しかしそうして失われた神社が後に祀り直された（再祀が行われた）事例が確認されている。本稿では和歌山市を対象として以下2点を明らかにした。(1)神社跡地の大半は神事とは無縁な場所となっていること。(2)再祀は氏子の共同出資によるものと有志のみの出資で行われるものがある。前者は集落の神社として祀り直すことに終始し、運営内容は慣例的な管理・祭礼であり、持続的運営に問題を抱える傾向がみられた。後者は有志のみの出資の場合、再祀実施時期は終戦から近年にわたる。管理・祭礼に加えて、地域住民間の交流を促す場の提供など、地域に貢献する活動を行っている神社が確認された。 本研究では、再祀の経緯とその後の運営の実態を明らかにするのみに留まったが、氏子組織の規模・特色やその社会的関係等と、再祀が行われるに至った要因や再祀後の運営状況との関連性を明らかにすることを今後の課題としたい。

The purpose of this study is to describe the features and generating mechanism of the regional scale office relocation flows of knowledge intensive business services (KIBS) within the suburbs of the Tokyo metropolitan area. Through quantitative analysis of the relocation flows using panel survey data of KIBS and the subsequent questionnaire for knowledge companies, following conclusions were obtained: 1) Locations of KIBS establishments had been centralized since 1996 but the location share within central Tokyo turned into decrease at 2006, which means relative suburbanization is in progress. 2) Relocation flow patterns between 2007-2012 show mixtures of centralization and suburbanization. Limited numbers of suburban business districts dominate most of the origins and destinations of those relocation flows, and function as important nodes of business relocations within the metropolitan area. 3) Centralization flows were generated by growing businesses when they "Move up" property ladder for seeking better locational conditions, while suburbanization flows were generated by less growing businesses, which were confronted with need of rationalizing, when they "Move down" property ladder for seeking cheaper offices.

This paper analyses the accumulation process of small sized knowledge intensive business services (KIBS) in the suburbs of the Tokyo Metropolitan Area, with a focus on the outer-suburban KIBS accumulation at Kamakura-Zushi(KZ) seaside area. Through interviews with KIBS owners, following conclusions were obtained: (1) Most business owners in KZ area commenced their business career in central Tokyo, and later relocated their office to the current location in their 20's and 30's. (2) Major determinants of small KIBS location in KZ area were: proximity to owner's home town, personal familiarity to the place, better working environment compared to central Tokyo, flexible life style and the creative atmosphere. (3) Many of the business owners highly appreciate the value of the regionality of KZ area mainly for the following reasons: abundant opportunities of regional contribution activities, business opportunities generated from casual conversation with other corporate managers, mental rewards gained from nature and people and inspiration from its history.

この論文は極小エスニック集団の1つとしてミャンマー人チン族をあげ、宗教施設と支援の関係性を見た。これら団体が運営する宗教施設の役割を明らかにする事は、自助組織を持たない小規模なエスニック集団に対する今後の支援の形を考える上でも重要な課題である。本研究ではチン族移民へのヒアリング調査を通し、以下の二点を明らかにした。1）極小E.G.が施設を通して受ける支援の実態と流れ2)施設外組織を通した極小E.G.が持つ支援ネットワークの広がり本研究を通して、宗教施設の役割を論じる。

現在、母親が地域で孤立し、ノイローゼや児童虐待などの社会問題を引き起こしている。このような問題より、現代の社会において子育て世代の母親と地域との繋がりを構成する環境づくりが必要といえる。本稿では育児支援を中心として育児中の母親と地域の交流を支えている組織を対象に、以下の4点を把握する事を目的とする。(1)母親の商店街行事への参加プロセス(2)商店街行事による母親の商店主との関わり方の変化(3)母親の地域行事への参加の拡大(4)商店街と子育て支援組織との関係が構築出来た要因

The purpose of this paper is to examine the living environments in proximity to suburban business areas and to compare them to the central district of the Tokyo metropolitan area.Commuting areas that surround 39 suburban business districts have been defined as self-sustaining regions (SSRs). Living environments within these regions and the central Tokyo region have been described and mutually compared on the basis of data from the National Housing and Estate Statistics as well as several other supplementary statistics.Overall, the comparison of living environments reveals that housing affordability and commuting distance were the main problems within central Tokyo, while those two factors did not pose as much of a problem in SSRs. In addition, through cluster analysis using living environmental indicators, we have broken SSRs into three categories and have analyzed their characteristic features. It has been identified that SSRs within each category were closely distributed geographically, forming spatial clusters. From the standpoint of business characteristics, one category had a high ratio of white-collar jobs, which is similar to central Tokyo, while the other two categories had high ratios of blue-collar jobs. Dependency on automobiles for daily transportation was relatively high in all SSR categories when compared to central Tokyo.

この研究は、外国人居住地域における大家の役割を明らかにすることを目的とする。外国人居住地域における大家の役割は1)外国人居住者への生活マナーの指導2)アパート内、近隣の居住環境維持3)外国人居住問題に対するノウハウの蓄積4)外国人居住者の問題解決支援、地域情報の提供支援、コミュニケーションによる支援が、本調査を通して結論づけられた。

現在東京の下町は戦後65年が経ち、住宅寿命の超過や町工場の廃業等の理由から更新の時期に差し掛かっている。こうした地域開発による建築の更新と、都心回帰による住民転入の流れの中で、下町の風情が失われてきている事が問題として挙げられている。このような状況の下、下町への転入者がどのように生活を順応させていっているのかも考える必要性が高まっている。本稿では、都心回帰による小規模な開発が起こっており、若年層の人口が増加している下町地域として台東区根岸4丁目を対象とし、（1）下町地域における転入者の実態把握（2）転入者の転入時と現在における地域の魅力に対する意識の変化と地域への入り込み方の特徴（3）下町生活の実態とその背景以上3点を踏まえ、都市更新期における下町への転入者の生活順応プロセスを明らかにした。

本研究は、水神祭の運営における商店街組織と地縁組織の連携による社会関係資本構築のプロセスを示すことを目的とし、以下の4点を明らかにした。(1)水神祭復活以前の水神社及び八幡神交会と商店街の関わり、(2)商店街再開発に伴う水神社の変遷、(3)水神祭の運営における各主体の関係構築過程、(4)水神祭復活による効果

The past improvements of bicycle roads had put central emphasis on linear components, such as running bicycle lanes parallel to roadways. However, the past research on this topic show the growing needs of further improvement of planar components, including other roads.<br> This study defines&ldquo;detour activities&rdquo;as side-trips that provide wider range of routes within a plane, and by questionnaire targeting bicycle tourists, the followings have been clarified: 1) the actual behavior of bicycle tourism, 2) spatial characteristics that induce detour activities.<br> Given the above, this paper discusses improvements of bicycle roads that will promote&ldquo;detour activities&rdquo;.

Neighboring shopping districts have always been commercial space required by local residents, and at the same time, they have played an important role as a forum in everyday life. However, many exhausted local shopping districts are lately under "residentializing" process.This research investigates the followings in 64 local shopping districts in Edogawa-ku, Tokyo that may "residentialize" :1. The actual conditions of "residentialization" in local shopping district2. The actual conditions of resident's daily life in "residentializing" shopping district.By comparing these shopping districts by their location, it is found that change in space and change in commercial function within local shopping district have influenced its interaction function, and as a result, it is clarified that the lifestyle is changing in local shopping district.

現在東京の下町は戦後65年が経ち、住宅寿命の超過や町工場の廃業等の理由から更新の時期に差し掛かっている。こうした地域開発による建築の更新と、都心回帰による住民転入の流れの中で、下町の風情が失われてきている事が問題として挙げられている。このような状況の下、下町への転入者がどのように生活を順応させていっているのかも考える必要性が高まっている。本稿では、都心回帰による小規模な開発が起こっており、若年層の人口が増加している下町地域として台東区根岸4丁目を対象とし、（1）下町地域における転入者の実態把握（2）転入者の転入時と現在における地域の魅力に対する意識の変化と地域への入り込み方の特徴（3）下町生活の実態とその背景以上3点を踏まえ、都市更新期における下町への転入者の生活順応プロセスを明らかにした。

本研究は、水神祭の運営における商店街組織と地縁組織の連携による社会関係資本構築のプロセスを示すことを目的とし、以下の4点を明らかにした。(1)水神祭復活以前の水神社及び八幡神交会と商店街の関わり、(2)商店街再開発に伴う水神社の変遷、(3)水神祭の運営における各主体の関係構築過程、(4)水神祭復活による効果

この研究は、外国人居住地域における大家の役割を明らかにすることを目的とする。外国人居住地域における大家の役割は1)外国人居住者への生活マナーの指導2)アパート内、近隣の居住環境維持3)外国人居住問題に対するノウハウの蓄積4)外国人居住者の問題解決支援、地域情報の提供支援、コミュニケーションによる支援が、本調査を通して結論づけられた。

Considering serious losses of postwar modernism architecture in Japan, this study aims to clarify a social value fostered by civic action. Noteworthy example were found in Hirosaki City , Aomori Prefecture. 8 buildings planned by well known architect called Kunio Maekawa, which are communal facilities located in middle of the city, were conserved in particular way by citizens.<br>By the research, it revealed that these group of buildings were playing an important role by being a group of life-stages of the citizens. This means that these buildings contains cumulative life-histories of people, which helps people to look back history of themselves and the city. Also by using this networks of accumulative life-histories, the value of these buildings were developing in a sustainable way.

This study clarifies the cause of scenic change along the Metropolitan Expressway and the influences on the visual impressions received from the sequential landscape. In more detail the following has been identified.1) The change in scenery is inconstant but there are sections where significant change can be identified.2) The significant change in scenery is mainly influenced by the curvilinear form and visual structure of the expressway, not by the surrounding urban fabric.3) The impressions received from these sections where siginificant change can be identified tends to be "beautiful", "modern" and "unique".

The following research aims to clarify expanding process of network in local community, and problems during its process in a fishing village. Authors have participated in Machizukuri activities in Kiki, and communicated with the local community. Through this process, network expansion was observed.<br>In order to expand the network of local community, it is important that the local community is managed in three different phases &ldquo;Seminal Phase&rdquo;, &ldquo;Diffusion Phase&rdquo; and &ldquo;Integration Phase&rdquo; through the following two process (1)producing various activities which contribute to community, and (2)orchestration of these activities.<br>In addition, it is important to nurture mutual relationship between various regional organizations for the commitment of residents. The relation that is in need is one like a &ldquo;Big Family&rdquo; that help each other not only for the economic profit, but for the community.

The following paper deals with the method of approach for creating communal spaces in kiki. This is aimed to build common sense of communal spaces and create it voluntary.The overall workflow:1) Evaluate communal spaces with expanding relations by dialogue and workshop.2) Make communication tool and constructing common sense with it.3) Maintain and design communal spaces by themselves.

This paper analyzes the agglomeration of company offices through observing the relationships between office distribution and the dynamism of the spatial structure within the Tokyo Metropolitan Area. The following conclusions were obtained:1) Urbanization is still in progress for the most part within the suburbs of Tokyo and through this process some areas are increasing their independence. This phenomenon enhances the polycentricity of the metropolitan area. 2) Company offices tend to converge in distinct areas which are highly urbanized. Especially in a place where offices are located above a certain accumulation level, more company types are attracted further increasing the economies of agglomeration. This is defined as the "Circulative Accumulation Model" within this paper.

With regard to the fact that abandoning of farmland is inevitable due to diminishing work force in Japan, this paper aims to investigate ways to manage cultural landscape by regional shrinkage of cultivated area. The difficulty of farmland concentration by farmland relocation is clarified through survey questionnaires and interviews. Because the citrus orchard involves long-term management, it is found that its discontinuity is what discourages inheritance of agricultural platform to the next generation. This paper concludes with the potential solution to this problem by introducing an example of mutual complement between incoming and elderly farmers, which is a way to manage cultural landscape by sustainable inheritance of agricultural platform, and discusses the possibility of downscaling-design.

It is necessary for keeping these social memories pf "Usual town" to take sharing process of these social memories by community design for cultural landscape. We authors have been practicing the community design through oral history collecting that we named "Machizukuri Oral History". This paper shows the method of the "Machizukuri Oral History" and some practice cases. The possibility, the challenge and the perspective is discussed by these experiences.

Recently, townscape administration has increased its significance taking establishment of the Town Scape Law as an opportunity. However, only few cities have the nightscape planning or guidelines at this moment.<br>Meanwhile, urban lighting became more important from not only the security reason, but also to earn various values such as comfort and amenity.<br>Purposes of this study are to understand the present condition of nightscape policy in order to clarify the problems of their administration in Japan, and to propose the perspective of forming the future nightscape of the city.

It is required to set up and train an independent civil society organization in order to establish a public and private partnership. For that, it is important to establish a partnership with a public sector after strengthening a relationship among the residents by discussions and supports and sophisticating the demands and activities. The objective of this study is to analyze the mechanism in making a public and private partnership by strengthening the community relationship and sophisticating the demands and activities in a form of liaison association which is an assembly of the intermediary civil society organization by mutual discussions and cooperation. It is analyzed from the points of view of wide exchange of information, accumulation and return of the acknowledges, function as a saucer of the staff.

Urbanization has declined the local community, which has organized mutual relationship in suburban areas. But in those areas, indigenous identity of the local community, such as festival, has incubated the foundation for regional management. Now in Chichibu, Chichibu night festival has a position of regional identity and it seems to have affected regional management. This study aims to clarify the influences of regional identity for local community. And I clarified four influences festival has affected regional management, 1)Participation of outsider 2)Assembling and raising of younger 3)Incubation of relationship in areas festival is managed in 4)Possibility of transfer's participation. These influences have possibility that they would lead area to good circumstance regional management goes on in by mutual relationship. In future, we should remind these influences of festival and carry on regional management with festival.

Recently a resort town keeps declining from the variety and tourist's sense of values. And it increased vacant shops and vacant accommodations. The purpose of this study is to clarify the function and result for Community Spot and effective management technique of Community Spot in a resort town through the experiment of Community Spot management. Firstry, we understood influence that Community Spot exerted from advanced example. Secondly, we managed Community Spot in Yubara hot-spring street and inspected administration method. And finally, we clarified effective management technique of Community Spot in a resort town.

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the process how inhabitants lose their independence of will for a district design and how a district design standardizes in a period of high growth of economy, by paying its attention to a contribution forced to inhabitants. The results are the followings : 1) A contribution was forced to deal with a problem of a district. 2) A contribution had a function as a management system of a district design. 3) A contribution disappear by planlessness and outbreak of contradiction. 4) And the district design was standardized.

This study aims to clarify the actual conditions about dwelling unit combined with other use. By forcusing on process and distribution of non-dwelling function in Tama Newtown, we clarified the following things. 1. In Tama Newtown, non-dwelling function has been inserted to dwelling unit (we call 'dwelling unit combined with other use' on this paper) because there is a flexibility in respect of space and management inside of dwelling unit. 2. Generation of non-dwelling function needs the passage of time. 3. Residents who operate non-dwelling function feel the merit and demerit. Some of them want to transfer to the outside because of the need for wider space.

The purpose of this study is to clarify how a person recognizes a night view from skyscrapers as a fundamental study for the making of night-cityscape plan or guide-line. Therefore, firstly we clarify a clue and 'a night view image element (NIE)' for person to grasp a night-cityscape. Secondly we classify a night view from skyscrapers into types with 'a night view image element (NIE)' quantitatively. Thirdly we clarify a relation between 'a night view image element (NIE)' and an impression of a night view from skyscrapers.

The Companies' branch locations are selected by weighting financial merits and the work efficiency merits in Osaka. The office market is competitive and the office centers are changing in Osaka. The relocation objectives showed characteristics of the each office center. The Office centers starategies can be positioned 3 different ways in the matrix of financial merit and work efficiency merit. Such as "New Development","Change of Use", and "Stagnant".

This study shows the life style and the spatial usage in the rural villages at the Angkor area from a field survey. It aims to present the vision for the village's future, by considering the influence that occurs to the villagers from tourism and the labors such as the conservation projects at the Angkor monumental area as a basis. Angkor Krau village, which is nearby the Angkor monuments has been chosen as a case study district. As a result, the following matters were clarified. Firstly, the actual life style and the economic condition. Secondly, the housing styles and its characteristics. Thirdly, the actual usage of the space in and around the housings. From this study, it can be said that, it is important to maintain the traditional usage method of the housings by creating an annex as an example, and the community development should be considered by viewing on the relationship among the Angkor monuments.

This study aims to sort and compute the rates of vacant houses in every 37 villages in Hayakawa Town, and also to clarify 1) the problems of increasing vacant houses, 2) location of each vacant house, 3) current condition of their management such as weeding garden and ventilation inside their houses, and 4) vacant house owners' intention of the treatment of their houses in the future. We made clear that one side in some village there are few vacant houses and have not so many problems, the other side in some village there are so many vacant houses Which village itself will collapse in the near future. We also clarified that many vacant house owners want to reserve their houses but they don't manage them enough to reserve. We have found the demand of new organization in place of owners to manage vacant houses.

This research has clarified the characteristic of the lighting environment that composes the night cityscape which is an another face of the city. The commercial district (Kabukicho in Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo), the typical place that various lightings are consolidated, was selected to analyze the lighting environment as sum of public lightings and shop lightings. Analyze was advanced by using the evaluation axis of the intensity of illumination and the color temperature. As a result, the intensity of illumination fairly filled the standard in a large-scaled, high density commercial district like the Kabukicho, and the need of new evaluation axis like the color temperature were clarified. It also became clear that in the commercial district, the shop lightings do influenced the intensity of illumination of the street, while public lightings effects the color temperature of the street. At the end, it became clear that the light that leaked from the entrance of the building increases both the intensity of illumination and the color temperature of the shop lightings.

The purposes of this study are to make clear the present conditions and a problem of exchange activity related with industry. For this purpose, this study takes up a exchange activity to accept a creator living in a production center of the ceramics which assumes ceramics local industry. It concluded that 1) Evaluation for an action is different between suppliers. For continuation, exchange activity have to be let to shift to one supplier. 2) The action will be effective to choose a way of deep interchange of a relation for local industry. 3) Continuation of a business is necessary.

The depopulation and aging problem is serious in the provinces in recent years. As a result, the management of regional activities including festival becomes difficult in the provinces for the manpower shortage. This study aims to clarify the possibility that transfers become the manpower for regional activities in their hometown. In this study, The following things were clarified 1)Many of transfers have the hope to participate to regional activities in their hometown after their transfer. 2)Many of transfers who have the hope to participate go home well, meet the acquaintances and have the relation to the hometown in the festival. 3)The different point of view to participation of the transfers who have the will to participate the regional activity and who experienced participation is only a chance.

Since the second half of the 90s, many local residents have disputed against large retailers that operate late night. To avoid unnecessary conflicts, the consultation between the residents and such retailers is required. This study aims to clarify the view of the residents and the retailers through the consultation processes. It analyses the relationships between attributes of the residents and their consciousness of its opening, utility, and correspondence of the retailer.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the significance of working group in the process of civil groups' independence of government help at community development seen at Odawara city, Kanagawa prefecture. Firstly, we understood the outline of transfer process from Policy Research. Institute of Odawara (PRIO) to citizen's community developing groups. Secondly, we clarified the process and reason the researchers to be independence from PRIO. Thirdly, we clarified the process and reason of other citizens to join the new community development groups. At last we clarified the significance and issues of PRIO from the view of independence.

近年、環境配慮した地域社会づくり、地域へ開いた学校づくりが求められている。その中で、小学校の環境教育の授業の中で、 NPOを受け入れることが考えられる。本研究のでは、 NPOを受け入れる小学校の環境教育の実態を把握し、課題を明らかにする。そのために、 NPOを受け入れた学校の教師、親、子供からの評価を把握した。その結果から、今後、学校と NPOが取り組むべき課題を明らかにした。

近年、環境配慮した地域社会づくり、地域へ開いた学校づくりが求められている。その中で、小学校の環境教育の授業の中で、NPOを受け入れることが考えられる。本研究のでは、NPOを受け入れる小学校の環境教育の実態を把握し、課題を明らかにする。そのために、NPOを受け入れた学校の教師、親、子供からの評価を把握した。その結果から、今後、学校とNPOが取り組むべき課題を明らかにした。

The purpose of this paper is first to build the effective system of sharing the local community information by making "Machizukuri-Oral-History" to digital-archive. Then to clarify the effectiveness of the system from two viewpoints: 1. Eye-friendly and usability of interface. 2. informative function and information-gathering capability of effect. Two facts listed below has been clarified through at two trial-use by local residents. 1. The system has more eye-friendly and usability than the current website of "Machizukuri-Oral-History". 2. The system has informative function to remind users of old-time lifestyle. It also has information-gathering capability to gather the various local community information by posting message.

Recently, unification of the university campus and urban function claims to be one of the important factors of urban renovation. However, since university campus is packed with university facilities, they are often built in neighborhoods around the university. In these cases, it is meaningful to find the problems of process and contents of the plan of university facilities when they are built in its neighborhoods, and to discover the new relationship between university and its neighborhoods. In this study, it is clarified that they are the distrust of the neighborhoods against the university and the problem of the planning contents. Based on these result, the assignments of the planning of the university town are clarified.

This study aims to clarify the characteristics of pedestrian's eye fixation behaviors at signs by the walking experiment in a shopping street. On this paper, first, we clarified the characteristics of pedestrian's eye fixation behaviors of the whole view. Second, we clarified the characteristics of eye fixation behaviors for each types of the signs. And then we clarified the relationships between the characteristics of the sign formation and the characteristics of the pedestrian's eye fixation behaviors.

本研究は韓国の地方都市である慶州市を調査地区として取り上げ、商業地域によく見られる看板建築と街路景観を分析することを目的にする。その結果、現在研究対象地に見られる看板建築は日本植民地時代の商店建築と商業主義の象徴である商業看板によって作り出された結果物であった。そこて、この自然発生的看板建築が作っている調査地区の街路は理想的なD/Hを持つ街並みを形成していた。

This study aimes to establish the ways and coordination to proceed "URBAN RENEWAL PROJECTS". The results of the questioners to some key players of private developers, operators and investors showed the unwillingness to join the project. We made analysis from following aspects; Risk and Return, Phase of the project, Use and development style, and the change of private developers. And we found; 1) Private sectors are divided into "Developers", "Operators", and "Investors". 2) Developers have to take development risks and relatively low return. The ways and coordination to proceed are; 1) The risks adjustment of development phase should be taken. Such as, joint developments with the operators and investors and making options with landowners. 2) Multi- tower style and using air lights are effective planning for flexible development. 3)Public subsidiary and Tax Increment Financing are needed to achieve the required rate of return.

This study aims to clariffy current condition of cooperative work of maintenance and manegement in local settlements, and also to investigate factors causing differences in such tasks in each settlements. Earning basical knowledge over them was intenced. Clarified results are as follows. 1)Circumstances of tasks was clarified through continuously comparing each patterned settlements. 2)Geographical features is the base of system of water utilization, influencing the presence of reservoir or water way of common use. Such factor do relates to organization over water utilization and influencing task contents. 3)Small organizations in settlements do influence task contents.

The purpose of this study over labor forces by non-resident members of farmers is first to identify their feature in each life stages of farmers and then to clarify their parts in farming in highland area. The followings became clear. 1)Roles which resident and non-resident members play in agricultural works changes upon their life stages. 2)Non-resident members provides labor force corresponding to their life stages for farminghouse with needs of labor according to their life stage. 3)Such complementary act has a prolonged structure corresponding to life cycle of each family. The family style shown in this paper will be more important in highland area as farming families ages. And the style itself will be diversified as lifestyle of each non-resident individual changes. Necessity of recognizing the viewpoint including not only the farmhouse alone but non-resident family members is suggested to support agriculture in highland area.

The Companies' headquarter locations are selected by weighting financial merits and the work efficiency merits. Financial merits and the work efficiency merits are trade off situation ; thus the companies make their relocation decision based on their strategies. Same strategies can be observed in the 4 Major Office Centers in Tokyo. The relocation objectives showed characteristics of the each office center. The Office centers can be positioned in the matrix of financial merit and work efficiency merit.

Since 1882 foundation, one of the biggest university students street has been formed in the neighborhoods of Nishi-Waseda campus of Waseda university. But the relationship between campus and its neighborhoods has vveakend nowadays. In the meantime, Waseda University Co-op has accomplished the development steadily since 1951 establishment. However, it has been driven into the situation which must consider the way of survival in the future also. Under the situation like this, it is worthwhile to find the methods of the vitalization of the university town from the viewpoint of the university co-op and the university neighborhoods stores. In this study, it is clarified that the critical consciousness of the university neighborhoods storekeepers for the university co-op originates from the recognition unlike present state of the university co-op. And then, the future assignments of the university town are clarified.

The purpose of this study is making clear that the establishment and use about School Bio-top. The establishment is formed of the participating subject, and the place, and the facilities condition. And I grasp the use from a viewpoint of the environmental education, and the regional residents, and the regional ecosystem. The effect on envilonmental education is influenced by the participation of schoolchildren and the type of facilities. The use of regional residents is influenced by the participation of regional residents and position of street and gate. The regional ecosystem is influenced by the adjoining nature and the scale.Finally I propose the guideline about establishment of Dragonfly Pool at school.

This study aims to clarify the influence of the policy of bridge construction on the main industry, and proposes Islands promotions with the mainland - an island bridges as a turning point. So, this study considered KABE island in SAGA prefecture as an instance. First, from building process of YOBUKO Bridge, the policy of bridge construction and subordinate policy were defined. Second, grasping the planted area and the destination of farm products of each household, the change of agriculture, the main industry, was clarified. All household could be classified into six types by features of the change of agriculture. Finally, by means of reasons for the change of agriculture the influence by the policy of bridge construction was clarified.

The purpose of this paper is to clarify how areas of activity and consciousness vary through the river's form. We chose the Kannagawa River as a case, and grasped the river's form, and made a survey about the areas of activity and consciousness of riverside inhabitants. It became clear that the areas of activity and consciousness have different characters between the upper and lower reaches of the river. And the apex of fan is the conversion point, where the river's form changes significantly. On the upper reaches from the apex of fan river doesn't act as a boundary: areas form the unity, which get over the river. On the lower reaches, river acts as a boundary of the areas.

The purposes of this study are to make clear the role of exchanged tourism for preservation of thatched roof houses and the assignment of preservation of thatched roof houses by exchanged tourism. We have made a point of view on residents and come to understand that elderly person was ashamed of thatched roof house in Oginoshima-area. Young person feel hard because the volunteers come outside did not work enough and they prepared for that works so hardly. The economical support to residents for preservation also was not enough. Oginoshima-area had problem of making the consensus between elderly and young. We make a proposal that works by volunteers and economical support improve, the way of making consensus in Oginoshima-area, effect of coming people outside for exchanged tourism use for removing shame of elderly.

This study aims to clarify the characteristics of pedestrian's eye fixation behaviors in a shopping street. On this paper, first, we clarified the relationships between the characteristics of the street formation and the characteristics of pedestrian's eye fixation behaviors. Second, we clarified the relationships between the form & color of the sign and the eye fixation behaviors. And then we verified the relationships between the estimation and the eye fixation behaviors.

The aim of this paper is to clarify how to stalls in Omote-sando, Harajuku have effected for space prosperity and to carry out the meaning and the subject of stalls. We chose the approach from the actual condition of stalls and the consciousness of street vendors, storekeepers and pedestrains. First, we will see how stall management has accomplished. Then, we will study how stalls work for walking of prdestrians. Next, we deal with the consciousness to stalls of storekeepers and pedestrains. From these study, we will come up with a prospect of stalls as an object of planning at last.

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the urban forming process in the modern silk raising area from the two aspect. The first is the action of wealthy people and second is the urban space, through the analysis of the modernizing process in Honjo-machi. The results are the followings 1) In Honjo-machi, it mordernized rapidly with the change of silk raising system 2) The action of wealthy people kept pace with flow of modernization, and contributed to form the social system 3) And thier action largely affected to industrialization, Finally, the space structure was affected by the silk mill.

On account of the increase of students and the deterioration of facilities etc., the number of the universities that established new campus in the suburbs or moved to there increased. What is worse, in the case of the universities located in the city, the relationship between campus and its neighborhoods has weakened. Under the situation like this, university and its neighborhoods must search the way of coexistence in the city. In this study, the degeneration phenomena of the university neighborhoods are grasped. And then the community planning activities for the regeneration of university neighborhoods are investigated. Finally, the future assignments of the community planning activities are clarified.

This study aims to clarify the eye fixation characters of sequence from car window. On this paper, first, we recorded the motion of the subject right eyes using eye-mark recorder, and described the difference of the eye fixation characters between speed condition of car window; normal and double speed. The eye fixation characters in this case signify the range of the eye mark, the object of the view, the distance between the subject's eye and the objects of view. Secondly, we clarified relationships the eye fixation character and the sequential landscape from car window. In conclusion, the speed variety of sequential landscape has influence on eye fixation characters. Finally, we varified the eye fixation characters by using quantitative description method.

The design guideline which decoded the historical context of the campus is necessary for its individuality and succession of traditional and historical space. In 1997, a design guideline of Waseda University was made and the comprehensive campus plannings was begun. On this paper which is a case study in Waseda university Nishiwaseda campus, we clarified the importance of the space composition principle in making design guideline based on the historical context which is useful for medium and long term campus plannings.

There are many organizations of companies from same hometowns at Naha-city, Okinawa prefecture. But these days, their action has been declined because of the reason of being aged and decrease of immigrants. Firstly, I researched the role and the specialty of the company. From the result of this research, I proved the declination of the company's action is not the same as declination of the company itself, and the importance of school-mate-connections. Secondary, I understood the specialties of the company and picked up some characteristic lifestyles, and clarified that their thinking tendency depends on the term from their leaving to today.

This study aims to develop a communication tool which is more simple than townscape models and to reveal that the tool is useful in consensus building on townscape images. On this paper,first,we developed "Machinami-okoshiezu" which got an idea from Okoshiezu that was handed down since Edo period. Secondly, we clarified the characteristics of evaluation for townscape simulation by using a miniature CCD camera and Machinami-okoshiezu. Thirdly, we practiced a simulation workshop that took notice of the characteristics and we made clear of that utility. Finally, we got a conclusion that Machinami-okoshiezu was useful in consensus building on townscape images. And furthermore, we got a problem that must be solved to establish a method of consensus building on townscape images.

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the forming process of landscape in Waseda University, Nishiwaseda Campus through the analysis of "City beauty" by Prof. Koichi Satow and the history of the building and repairing organization. Prof. Koichi Satow and the city beauty of that he had a concept had affected the design of Nishiwaseda Campus. We interpret the concept of the city beauty as a modern adjustment using the beauty factors of "Change" and of "Unity". Which was, inherited through : 1) the deep relation between the building and repairs organization and the architecture laboratories before the Second World War, 2) The leading engineer Sugiura, who followed the steps of campus designing after the Second World War.

The purpose of this study is to propose the basic factors of available information from "intermediate and mountainous areas", where local governments have broadcasted programs. The factors consist of four pieces of information ; community, environmental, industrial and governmental information. With the factors, which are blended correctly they can propagandize to "city areas". The principal contents to be made obvious are as follows. 1. The tendencies of communication with other areas using "CATV" and "CS" as infrastructures are increasing nationally. But the way of broadcasting and receiving the TV programs are so different. 2. The differences of the information from outside, the community relations in intermediate and mountainous areas and the investor relations to city areas are great ; especially environmental information, governmental information and industrial information as "basic factors of information".

One of the main problems that Japan's public lavatories own is the maintenance which requires a certain amount of municipal budget. For a small community in a local town, we designed a public lavatory where occupants are required to take off their shoes, expecting local community to participate in daily maintenance work. Observation records which a group of volunteers has noted during the first two months after the completion of the construction work, disclosed that the above-mentioned lavatory is being kept almost clean and in order.

As Basins are geographically closed, they have often been treated as planning sphere. This study aims to qantify the degree of the dependency of basins uslng "Gaibuizondo", which is defined by population, commuting population, size of basin, and the amount of habitants' income, and to apply "Gaibuizondo" to the method of setting planning spheres. The study revealed that the degree of "Gaibuizondo" are fixed and peculiar to each basin, appling "Gaibuizondo" to the method of setting planning spheres was validated.

In this study, assessment of historical architecture scenery by evaluating historical architecture as cluster units with the adjoining buildings is presented as a new key to restoration method. Actual application of this technique is illustrated through the research work of Yamachou-suji street, Takaoka city, Toyama prefecture. By assessing the Dozouzukuri houses with its absolute and relative values, a preservation method for the historical street is proposed on its basis.

This study belongs to a basic study with a view to applying townscape simulation to community designing based on citizen participation. On this study, first, we made clear of the characteristics of valuation for townscape simulation by using a miniature CCD Camera and townscape Models. Secondly, we developed a simulation workshop that took notice of the characteristic of valuation and then practiced the workshop. Thirdly, we made clear of the effects of the workshop that by using a miniature CCD Camera and townscape Models and we verified the validity for consensus of the townscape images.

This study aims to seek for some measures to improve the living environment of island's habitants and to find out solutions to keep their communities active, after understanding each habitant's life in the island. First, we studied and classified the ways they obtain their ordinary foodstuff necessary for everday life as well as the ways they dispose their waste, and areas of personal activities. Second, we studied and classified how they evaluate their own living environment, and systematized the reasons why they evaluate so by using a method commonly known in Japan as "KJ Method". Finally, correlation among such classifications was systematized and some remaining problems were identified.

This paper aims to discuss the administrative problem of reducing the billboards in "the sequence seen from Shinkansen window" for the maintenance of a beautiful spectacle. The conclusions in this paper are as follows; 1) A large number of billboards set up along the Shinkansen, and the billboard is the harmful element in "the sequence seen from Shinkansen window". 2) The distribution of billboards varies in different locates. Western Japan has more billboards than Eastern, and they are set up by Western companies in many case. 3) The local governments have to manage the billboards as the administrative problem for scenic beauty.

This paper alms to clear the present situation and problem of the signboards set up along Tokaido-Shinkansen between Tokyo and Shin-Osaka. The conclusions in this paper are as follows ; 1) A large number of signboards set up along the Shinkansen on the outskirts of the big city. And they are not in good condition on the landscape. 2) The social consensus has to be against setting up them. 3) The local governments have to pull down illegal signboards positively. 4) The sponsors have to take moral principles responsibility for their own signboards. 5) The advertising agency union has to keep under selfcontrol of setting up them.