The first part of the achievement of this research is that it is pointed out that the phenomenon of development of social movements in every place of the world is the result of the interaction of ideas and movements across the borders based on the concrete examples from the 19th century to the present. The compilation of this result is the work "Global History of Social Movement" (Minerva Publishing, 2018) . The second part of the achievement of this research is demonstrating that the new framework of "transnational diffusion of ideas and social movements" is better to analyze more wider objects than the "transnational interaction of ideas and movement".

本研究は、日本における「保守」の特質と意味を明らかにせんとするものである。申請者は、日本における「保守」の生成を、1930年代の反共政策に見いだし、またその展開の重要な契機を、戦後から1960年代にかけての冷戦の生成期に見いだしていく。この時期、日本の知識人、作家、活動家たちが、社会秩序を防衛するという名目で、どのように保守的な勢力をつくり出し、またそれを維持していったのかを、グローバルなコンテクストのなかで、比較の視座を用いながら明らかにしていく。昨年度は、2年計画の最終年度にあたる。昨年度は、一昨年に引き続き、日本において、早稲田大学図書館をはじめとする研究諸機関において精力的に史料調査を進めたほか、国内外において、積極的に研究内容の発信に努めた。その結果、その研究は、理論面においても研究のパースペクティヴにおいても、一層の進展をみた。スイスをはじめとするヨーロッパの研究諸機関において史料調査を行い、日本の保守運動の国際的拡がりについての研究報告を、アメリカアジア学会、上智大学、ヨーロピアンネットワーク、コンスタンツ大学などで行った。研究の出版に関しても、主要な大学出版局と接触し、出版に向けた準備が順調に進んだ。また、沖縄の高校生を対象とする模擬授業を行うなど、社会貢献にかかわる活動も積極的に行った。早稲田大学高等研究所研究員（常勤）のポジションに応募し、採用された。これにより、当該の研究を、さらに安定した環境において、継続的に発展させることができる体制が整った。日本の保守主義を歴史的に検討するうえで、単に思想家や知識人の言説分析にとどまらず、政治家や実業家を含めたネットワーク型の運動体としてそれをとらえ直す方向に研究が深まっていった。またその際に、欧米における国際的な反共ネットワークとの具体的な連携の諸相も明らかとなった。こうした研究成果を出版するための準備が順調に進展した。そうしたプロジェクトの概要を、日本および欧米の研究諸機関において報告し、高い評価を得て、その結果早稲田大学高等研究所の研究員として採用された。早稲田大学高等研究所研究員として、引き続き当該課題の研究を推進する。その研究成果に関しては、学内外の研究集会で積極的に情報発信を行う。研究成果を2年以内に単著としてまとめ、出版する

In East Asia, dialogues among nations are frequently interrupted by seemingly insurmountable disputes over history and attempts at historical reconciliation are generally evaluated as a “failure”. In East Asia, the promotion of historical reconciliation presents two specific difficulties. While people in Europe have problematized historical reconciliation as issues of war responsibilities, people in East Asia are more attentive to the issues of colonial responsibilities. Also, people in East Asia experienced the process of democratization and hyper-economic development differently in terms of their chronologies and political implications. As a result, people in East Asia can promote historical reconciliation more effectively by paying more attention to the historical specificities in East Asia in terms of colonialism, democratization, and economic development, as well as by critically reviewing the current theoretical framework of international law.

Our findings are (1) "Asian-hand" journalists of major Japanese newspapers had close relationship with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, although they shifted their priority to relationship with Japanese Army after Manchurian Incident in 1931, (2) Contents of Chinese newspapers published under control of Japanese army, and intelligence activities using women in China by Japanese army, (3) propaganda by UK in Asia originally relied on news distribution by Reuters, but after outbreak of the war against Japan, English propaganda organizations in the Far Eastern Office and Chongqing were reorganized as Englishmen who grew up in China or came from Australia with work experience in advertisement joined, and radio broadcasting in Asian languages became reinforced, (4) as for radio, details on formation and development of Taiwan Broadcasting Corporation, and a basic policy to use radio broadcasting in psychological warfare by USA from Japan-China war to Korean War and Vietnam War

Firstly, this study demonstrated that the immigrants, who came from Europe, Africa, Caribbean to the United States and participated to the social movements in the United States, associated to the social movements of their homelands; being influenced transnationally by the social movements of their homelands, immigrants’ social movements developed in the United States. Secondly, it was also revealed that the immigrants who came from Atlantic rim and Ocean rim constructed their social movements commonly in the United States; these movements influenced of the social movement in their homelands, especially in Japan and China. Thirdly, it is pointed out, that there are some materials indicating the possibility of the influence of American social movement to the American people in Japan, who had connection to the Japanese social movement

Our international symposium：“Reconsidering Censorship History in Japan and East Asia”held in July 2013, was published in Intelligence No.14. The website for Historical Studies of Censorship in Japan and the World(http://www.waseda.jp/prj-Kennetsu/) was launched in May 2014 to give information about Japanese censors employed by GHQ, CCD during the occupation period, which based on 6 lists of their names, jobs and salaries, found by our project member. 12 volume of CIA diclassified Japanese files with commentary were also published by our project member

To reveal the continuity of policies and activities of the psychological warfare branches of the Allied Powers and the Office of War Information (OWI), USA, during WWII with regard to those of the Civil Information and Education (CIE) Section, SCAP/GHQ, in Occupied Japan after the war, "CIE Weekly Reports" were investigated. The CIE produced many research reports and public opinion polls in cooperation with Japanese public opinion research institutions. The activities of one organization, the Suenaga Public Opinion Institute, has been revealed through this project. It was also shown that the CIE information and propaganda policies included the intervention of the CIE radio section into news coverage of the Korean War by NHK radio in Tokyo, the controlled coverage of the atomic bomb and atomic power in southern Korea and the extension of the VOA in Asia

To reveal the continuity of policies and activities of the psychological warfare branches of the Allied Powers and the Office of War Information (OWI), USA, during WWII with regard to those of the Civil Information and Education (CIE) Section, SCAP/GHQ, in Occupied Japan after the war, "CIE Weekly Reports" were investigated. The CIE produced many research reports and public opinion polls in cooperation with Japanese public opinion research institutions. The activities of one organization, the Suenaga Public Opinion Institute, has been revealed through this project. It was also shown that the CIE information and propaganda policies included the intervention of the CIE radio section into news coverage of the Korean War by NHK radio in Tokyo, the controlled coverage of the atomic bomb and atomic power in southern Korea and the extension of the VOA in Asia.

This research project aimed to reconfirm unconscious intension of the Japanese people who achieved construction of post-war Japanese society, by verifying on foreign words imported from the U.S., newly invented Japanese coinage from English, vulgarized, abbreviated words or jargon which were peculiar during confused era, from the occupation period of Japan after being defeated and under the background of one's sense of values were revolutionized. The fruits of this project were edited as the final report which include about 100 words in occupation era, and will be published on commercial base during year 2010

Our project has contributed to scholarly investigations on East Asian Community in terms of the collection of historical materials on "Asianism" in postwar Japan, the promotion of mutual historical understandings between Japan and Korea, and the development of new methodologies for Asian Studies. The Construction of the database of Japan Socialist Party documents, the publication of three volume bulletins on "Historical Recognition in Japan and Korea," and three volume book series "Ajiagaku no susume (Introduction to Asian Studies)" are the examples of our accomplishments.

Our project has contributed to scholarly investigations on East Asian Community in terms of the collection of historical materials on "Asianism" in postwar Japan, the promotion of mutual historical understandings between Japan and Korea, and the development of new methodologies for Asian Studies. The Construction of the database of Japan Socialist Party documents, the publication of three volume bulletins on "Historical Recognition in Japan and Korea," and three volume book series "Ajiagaku no susume (Introduction to Asian Studies)" are the examples of our accomplishments.

・当研究の主たる目的は、日本のナショナル・アイデンティティと外交の形成におけるロシアの地位と役割を、国際的な比較を通じて明らかにすることである。
・本年度においては、Alexander Bukhが行った研究とその成果は、下記の通りである。
・本年度においては、同氏は、日本のナショナル・アイデンティティの形成過程の国際的な比較を行うために資料調査と収集を実施すると同時に当研究の成果の一部が出版される予定の本(Routledge社)の原稿の準備及び関連の学会発表を行った。尚、本の出版予定は2008年10月である。
・同氏は、その研究の一部を2007年8月に行われたアジア研究者国際学会(ICAS)クアラルンプール大会及び2008年3月に行われたこくさ関係学(ISA)サンフランシスコ学会にて報告した。クアラルンプールにて研究の問題意識と全体像について報告を行い、サンフランシスコ学会にて日本のナショナル・アイデンティティと北方領土問題及びアイヌとの関連について報告を行ってきた。クアラルンプール学会でおこなった発表に基づいた論文をEuropean Journal of International Relations誌に投稿し、受理された。この論文は2008年中に掲載される予定である。サンフランシスコ学会で行った発表にもとづいた論文をAlternatives:Local,Global,Political誌に投稿し、現在査読中である。
・それ以外、当研究の次の段階の準備として、日本のナショナル・アイデンティティの形成過程の国際比較を行うためにタイ及びロシアにて資料収集をおこなってきた。

The conclusion which we obtain in this research project is as follows. First, there is no complete correspondence between the political system and the economic system as well as the economic development, and the economic consequence. But the democratic political system requests market economy. Second, idea of market economy is freedom and efficiency, on the other hand, idea of democracy is respect of personality and fairness. The possibility of reconciling both ideas had been pursued by the welfare state, but several severe conditions are necessarily required in their actual compatibility. Generally speaking, idea of democracy contradicts idea of market economy, and also the market system and democracy are often conflicting with each other. Third, the government which appears in order to overcome the market failure comes into another type of failure. Perhaps egalitarian policies cannot be achieved by democratic systems.
The concrete results of individual researches are as follows. First, with the consideration regarding the methodology of political economy, we verified the necessity which makes clear the role of positive theory and normative theory when we promote expanded dialogue among the political science, economics, and jurisprudence. Second, political requirement of distribution/redistribution policy and education policy is decided irrespectively of the economic performance, and does not connect directly to egalitarianism conclusion or prioritarianism conclusion. Third, how the important principles in the history of thought are related with the actual system design depends on the correlation between historical conditions of each country and value idea of the existing system. Forth, when we reexamined social contract theory, the role of social contract and the egalitarianism in system designing was made clear. Fifth, the forward-looking agenda in social contract theory is consistency between the concept of cooperation imbedded in the contract of the social system and the modern ideas such as the concept of the public as well as privacy. John Roemer's criticism to the normative theory being reexamined, we have advanced the research regarding the role of"the veil of ignorance" to derive justice principles. Sixth, the axiomatic research of justice principles was applied to the case of the maximin principle for the problem of equity between the generations.

The conclusion which we obtain in this research project is as follows. First, there is no complete correspondence between the political system and the economic system as well as the economic development, and the economic consequence. But the democratic political system requests market economy. Second, idea of market economy is freedom and efficiency, on the other hand, idea of democracy is respect of personality and fairness. The possibility of reconciling both ideas had been pursued by the welfare state, but several severe conditions are necessarily required in their actual compatibility. Generally speaking, idea of democracy contradicts idea of market economy, and also the market system and democracy are often conflicting with each other. Third, the government which appears in order to overcome the market failure comes into another type of failure. Perhaps egalitarian policies cannot be achieved by democratic systems.
The concrete results of individual researches are as follows. First, with the consideration regarding the methodology of political economy, we verified the necessity which makes clear the role of positive theory and normative theory when we promote expanded dialogue among the political science, economics, and jurisprudence. Second, political requirement of distribution/redistribution policy and education policy is decided irrespectively of the economic performance, and does not connect directly to egalitarianism conclusion or prioritarianism conclusion. Third, how the important principles in the history of thought are related with the actual system design depends on the correlation between historical conditions of each country and value idea of the existing system. Forth, when we reexamined social contract theory, the role of social contract and the egalitarianism in system designing was made clear. Fifth, the forward-looking agenda in social contract theory is consistency between the concept of cooperation imbedded in the contract of the social system and the modern ideas such as the concept of the public as well as privacy. John Roemer's criticism to the normative theory being reexamined, we have advanced the research regarding the role of"the veil of ignorance" to derive justice principles. Sixth, the axiomatic research of justice principles was applied to the case of the maximin principle for the problem of equity between the generations.