Seeking the possibility to take a fresh look at Surrealism from the point of view of post colonialism, our research was focused on Andre Masson, who was influenced by the nature and the culture of Martinique and America, especially by the culture of American Indians. We also realized the importance of the concept "le merveilleux (the fabulous)" in the work of Michel Leiris. Excluding an easy exoticism, he tried to find "le merveilleux" even in our everyday life and to make clear his own way to think about this concept deeply connected to the function of dissimilation.The visual media attracted our interest too as it allows us to look at the world in a new way, different from our usual perception. So we carried out research on three Japanese photographers who worked under the influence of surrealism. We thought also that the movement of "La Nouvelle Vague (New Wave)" was deserved our attention because it brought a sort of dissimilation in the cinematographic expression

Our research was focused on Roger Gilbert-Lecomte and Andre Breton who were very sensitive to the action of “others” on the Occidental modern civilization. It resulted, about the former, a first book written in Japanese which reveals all the details concerning him, and about the later, a series of treatises on the influences he received from Martinique, Haiti and American Indians.On the other hand, we also studied Michel Leiris and Raymond Roussel from the point view of the effects of dissociation as we were translating their works in Japanese. We also paid an attention to the dissociation produced by the visual arts, especially cinema and photography. At last, we didn’t forget to pursue our studies in psychoanalysis and cultural anthropology in order to prepare the theoretical base for all above researches

The following is the results of 5 themes which constitute our studies :1. About Raymond Roussel. We worked on Roussel's last book Nouvelles Impressions d' Afrique and his unfinished novel "A la Havane...", especially on their very complicated structure. We are also translating "A la Havane" in Japanese.2. About Michel Leiris. He participated in the Dakar-Djibouti Mission from 1931 to 1933. So we researched into the ethnological significance of this Mission and its influences on his activities of writer. For this purpose, we also examined the positive side and the negative side of the ethnology from the point view of Leiris.3. About Dada and Surrealism. As an extension of our research on the Colonial Exposition in Paris, we studied the influences of the Balinese Theater on Antonin Artaud. We also worked on Jacques Vache and Jacques Rigaut for describing some aspects of Dada in Paris. On the other hand, we made research on the relationships between Surrealism and photography.4. About visual arts and the unconsciousness / body. We are proceeding a study about the unconsciousness and the body in relation to visual arts. Our article about Artaud and another one about Surrealism and photography are based on this study too.5. About the culture, the society, the thought of 20^<th> century. Our research on Roussel, Leiris and Dada and Surrealism let us think of the relations between Modernism and Exoticism at the beginning of the 20^<th> Century. But if, in the cultural, social and ideological context, we consider these relations a sort of conflict between subject and object, they will lead us to the problem of the unconsciousness or the body. Therefore, we know now our study will have to throw light on this philosophical question of subject and object, especially for the development of our research on Dada and Surrealism

The following is the results in each of 5 themes which costitute our studies:1. About Raymond Roussel. Based on our interest to illustrations in Roussel's Nouvelles Impressions d'Afrique, we analyzed a lot of images close to stop-motion photography in his works. Now we can say that they have something to do with his monomaniac adherence to the themes of death and rebirth.2. About Arthur Cravan. We published a book explaining en full the life and the works of Arthur Cravan, a pioneer of Dada. On the other hand, this book gave us the opportunity to describe the movements of modernism developed here and there in the world in the beginning of the 20^<th> century.3. About Michel Leiris. He was a surrealist who was especially interested in the problem of modernism. So we examined the notion of his favorite term "presence" in the purpose of defining the sense of modernity in his works. That brought us another subject concerning Leiris: exoticism.4. About Dada and Surrealism. Walter Benjamin and Surrealists share the same interest in a sort of garbage, something useless in everyday life. In other words, they both tried to pick up a kind of unconsciousness. That is why they are also interested in photography and cinema as a way to catch the unconsciousness.5. About the culture, the society, the thought of 20^<th> century. Through our studies, we recognize that the modernism has something to do with the exoticism. So we should orient our research to the problem of post-colonialism. On the other hand, we can try to find in visual arts some elements close to an "unconsciousness" or a "body", in a word, a kind of exoticism for the rational subject

&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; In the 2022 academic year, by researching Foucault-related documets, I prepared for my article "Michel Foucault and his alter ego" which discusses Michel Foucault's early work "Raymond Roussel". Since I did it carefully and the article was quite large, I spent a lot of time writing it. Traditionally, researches on Foucault's "Raymond Roussel" have focused on Roussel's unique method of creation, and have been mainly concerned with issues of language in an attempt to relate this book to Foucault's work as a whole, and especially to his later theories of power. However, even if the issue of language is important, Foucault must have found in Roussel other important themes such as "madness," "visibility," and "alterity”. So I have attempted to elucidate how these various themes are connected to the problem of "outside". I believe that it was also an opportunity to reconsider Foucault's thought, which does not converge only on the theory of power.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;On the other hand, I discussed the influence of American indigenous culture on Max Ernst in the paper "The Journey of a Painter as a 'Seer' ". This is a part of my ongoing research on placing Surrealism in the context of Postcolonialism, and I hope to compile it into a book soon.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;I have also been working on the translation of Philippe Soupault's novel "The Last Nights in Paris" (1928), which has been stalled for some time due to copyright issues, but I have finally found a way to finish it. The translation of the middle story " Horace Pirouelle’s Journey " and the short story "The Death of Nick Carter" will also be included in the book, and I will add to it a very detailed commentary. I hope that this will help to revise somewhat the Breton-centered view of Surrealism.

&nbsp; &nbsp;In the academic year 2021-2022, I made significant changes to my translation of Philippe Soupault's novel "Les Dernières Nuits de Paris (Last Nights of Paris)" (1928), adding notes and completing the final version for now. In addition, partly for the purpose of writing comments, I read the books and the articles related to Soupeault, especially the material related to " Last Nights of Paris," and compared it with Breton's "Nadja" and Aragon's "The Peasant of Paris," and wrote the article "The Writting of Transformation and Destruction”. In this paper, I attempted to examine Soupault's novel as an extension of "Les Champs magnétiques (The Magnetic Fields)," the first attempt of automatic writing that he and Breton wrote together. I also translated "Le Voyage d’Horace Pirouelle (The Travels of Horace Pirouelle)" and "La Mort de Nick Carter (The Death of Nick Carter)," which were written in 1925 and 1926 respectively, for publishing them with "Last Nights in Paris" in one volume in Japanese.　In addition, I have begun reviewing my translation of Alfred Jarry's "Day and Night," which I had previously completed.　Although I had to use a creative writing format in relation to the journal in which it was published, I consulted new materials on Arthur Cravan, whom I had previously discussed in my book "The Poet and the Boxer," and, while placing him in the lineage of French poetry, I wrote an article entitled "Arthur Cravan is Alive".&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;I also researched films, especially war films in relation to otherness theory, and analyzed Clint Eastwood's "Letters from Iwo Jima" (2006) and Artur Harari's "ONODA: Beyond 10,000 Nights" (2021) for giving an oral presentation titled "Bigger than War : How can we face "others"" at the international workshop “National and Transnational Cinema” held in Brussels, Belgium, in February 2022.

&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;In the academic year 2020-2021, my research was focused at first on Philippe Soupault's ”Les Dernières Nuits de Paris (The Last Nights of Paris)". While elaborating my translation in Japanese of this novel for its publication, I gathered and read as much materials as possible about Soupault for researching his activities as a novelist. Simultaneously, in order to clarify the meaning of the city of Paris to Surrealists, I proceeded with the analysis of "The Last Nights of Paris" while comparing it with Breton's "Nadja" and Aragon's "Le Paysan de Paris (The Farmer of Paris)". In addition, I also translated Soupault's short story "La mort de Nick Carter (Death of Nick Carter)" for publishing it with "The Last Nights of Paris".&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; I also approached the issues of Surrealism and photography, clarifying how photography played a vital role in Surrealist activities, especially in Breton's works such as "Nadja" and "L’Amour fou (Crazy Love)". In these photos related to Surrealism, including those of Eugène Atget, the city of Paris occupies an important position. So here again my research headed toward the relationship between Surrealism and Paris. I summarized this study in the paper “Beyond subjectivity and objectivity”.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Meanwhile, I reconsidered Arthur Cravan, by reading the new materials that came out after the publishing of my book on him, and especially tried to re-evaluate his activity as a poet. The results are included in my text, "Arthur Cravan is alive," that will be published shortly in a new magazine.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;In addition to Cravan, Jacques Vaché and Jacques Rigaut are all directly and indirectly involved in the movement of Dada. I therefore tried to clarify their position in the history of literature, participating in a lecture about these three poets.　　

　2019年度の研究においては、戦後まもなくにおこなった二度のアンティル諸島への旅をとおしてミシェル・レリスが反植民地主義の立場を強めたこと、そして、マルチニック、グアドループ、ハイチの文化と接するなかで、他者を探求しつつ、自分自身を見つめなおそうとしたことを明らかにした。この自己と他者の相関関係は、もともとさまざまな人種が混交しているアンティル諸島の複合的文化と響き合うものがあり、レリス自身が〈クラッシュ〉と呼ぶそうした異文化の衝突は、シュルレアリスムの美学にも通じていた。さらに、そのような問題意識は、シュルレアリスムにならって「客観的偶然」にこだわり、他者との遭遇と自己の発見をその作品で求めた映像人類学者のジャン・ルーシュにも見出せるものである。&nbsp;また、フィリップ・スーポーの小説『パリの最後の夜』の翻訳を終わらせ（出版は来年度の予定）、その翻訳作業を通じて、シュルレアリストにとってパリの街がまさに他者との出会いの場であるとともに自己の探求につながる場であることを再確認した。さらに、ルーセルの『ハバナに…』の翻訳も並行しておこない、ルーセル独特の並列と入れ子の構造についての考察も続けている。　一方、レリスがナレーション原稿を書いた映画『闘牛』について、その批評を書いたアンドレ・バザンとレリスに共通する「プレザンス」へのこだわりを確認し、サルトルやブランショの思想との関係も探った。そうした「プレザンス」をめぐる問題を美学的な観点から検討するために、ディディ＝ユベルマン、さらには、レリスやジル・ドゥルーズとも比較しつつ、バルトが唱える「プンクトゥム」について考察した。これもまた、自己の探求と他者の探求が交錯するなかで生じてくる問題と言えるのである。&nbsp; そのほか、旅や移民など、越境のテーマと関連する映画や音楽についてのシンポジウムに参加するなかで、やはり〈脱中心化〉についての考察をおこなった。

　Our research was focused on Michel Leiris’ works, especially on his Le Miroir de la tauromachie (1938) andhis key concept “the sacred” discussed in this book and probably related to thetheme “the fabulous (le merveilleux)”. According to Leiris, a conflictingrelationship between “the right” (“straight”) and “the left” (“skew”) createsthe sacred. But in his case, “the left” contains also the meaning of “clumsy”and this particularity made Leiris to write autobiographic essays.&nbsp; &nbsp; Viewed in the light of the exoticism, Leiris’ journey to the French WestIndies is another topic which had our attention. By taking notice of the fusionof different elements in the culture of this area, he developed his idea of“the sacred” and perhaps prepared his future reflection on “the fabulous”.&nbsp;&nbsp;　We also studied Jean Rouch whomade ethnological films under the influence of surrealism and participated in the movement of "La Nouvelle Vague". This work helped us to clarify connections between surrealism,ethnology and cinema. As the case of Rouch shows, it seems us possible to consider“La Nouvelle Vague” as a sort of extension of surrealism. From this angle, wecontinued our study about Eric Rohmer and Jacques Rivette too.