The purpose of this study is to examine the formation and progress of family sociology in the postwar Japan in detail. It was done through the literature study and interview to elderly researchers. Especially, being able to clarify the flow of various researches like the group of not only the mainstream of the family sociology but also the group of the family problem research, the group of the Marxism family sociology, and women's studies and the feminism research group was a significant outcome. The result of this study is to be able to acquire the viewpoint that plurally understood progressing the family sociology in the postwar Japan.

The purpose of this study is to examine the formation and progress of family sociology in the postwar Japan in detail. It was done through the literature study and interview to elderly researchers. Especially, being able to clarify the flow of various researches like the group of not only the mainstream of the family sociology but also the group of the family problem research, the group of the Marxism family sociology, and women's studies and the feminism research group was a significant outcome. The result of this study is to be able to acquire the viewpoint that plurally understood progressing the family sociology in the postwar Japan.

This is positive study about social exchange in city and village of modern china. Fierd work was done in SHANGHAI City and SHANG DONG Province for 3 years from 1993 for this purpose.
1 Survey group of city;
(1) On history, organization, function and activity of Neighborhood Committee in Shaghai, intensively investigate from cadres of the Committee and Shanghai city administration authority.
(2) On present condition and policy of the housing problems, as living environment, research from Shanghai city authority.
(3) Reports themes on meeting for discussing research findings are followers. (1)basic framework of studies, (2)outline of research points, (3)organization and activities of neighborhood committee, (4)life structure and life course of residents.
2 Survey group of rural village ; Proceeded comparative study between 2 village of different types. One is F village, based on the traditional society and developing village-run industry slowly, the other is M village, which was located in the suburbs and proceeding village-run industry rapidly and on the large scale.
The remarkable result of the survey was the characteristic of social exchange was influenced by following points:
(1) Management system of farm land after disorganization of People's Commune (cooperation or individualization)
(2) source of capital for village-run factory (inside farming or outside farming)
(3) character of village leader (farmer or non-farmer)
Above all,these show the social exchange of M village of the latter case individualization, capital outside farming, and leadership of non-farmer has become more intense and social problems are more serious.

This is positive study about social exchange in city and village of modern china. Fierd work was done in SHANGHAI City and SHANG DONG Province for 3 years from 1993 for this purpose.1 Survey group of city;(1) On history, organization, function and activity of Neighborhood Committee in Shaghai, intensively investigate from cadres of the Committee and Shanghai city administration authority.(2) On present condition and policy of the housing problems, as living environment, research from Shanghai city authority.(3) Reports themes on meeting for discussing research findings are followers. (1)basic framework of studies, (2)outline of research points, (3)organization and activities of neighborhood committee, (4)life structure and life course of residents.2 Survey group of rural village ; Proceeded comparative study between 2 village of different types. One is F village, based on the traditional society and developing village-run industry slowly, the other is M village, which was located in the suburbs and proceeding village-run industry rapidly and on the large scale.The remarkable result of the survey was the characteristic of social exchange was influenced by following points:(1) Management system of farm land after disorganization of People's Commune (cooperation or individualization)(2) source of capital for village-run factory (inside farming or outside farming)(3) character of village leader (farmer or non-farmer)Above all,these show the social exchange of M village of the latter case individualization, capital outside farming, and leadership of non-farmer has become more intense and social problems are more serious

This project carried out the two waves of field surveys in Fukushima city in 1989 and 1990. The sample of first wave survey numbered 879 male and female, who were born between 1914 and 1958, their ages expnanded between 74 and 30 years old. They were sampled randomly from residents' registers. They were asked for the items on their redidential, educational, occupational, familial career development, household, health, socioeconomic status history, as well as their attitudes and assessment for their lives from their birth up to the point of observation, basically using the structured questionaires. The second wave of field survey conducted in 1990 collected their life history data on subjective perceptions of individuals' life course were conducted to a part of the sample who had participated in the former year's research (120 male and female). In 1991, a research report "People Who Lived the Drastic Era of Showa : A Life Course Comparion among Five Successive Cohorts" came out.
Findings :
This project studied people's role gain and lost, role timing and sequencing, and role transitions in each particular phase (for exapmple, In the youth, early adulthood, adulthood, and later years after retirement) over the life span.
Since much of the variability in life course patterns is socially structured, this project examined how people's lives depend on the particular roles they play, the situations they encounter, the others who become significant to them, and how these others in turn act, think, and feel.
This research found out a body of findings about people's formation of their life course in a particular social and historical situation they encountered. A few of findings on inter-cohort difference and intra-cohort differentiation will be described.
1. Great prevalence of the normatively sequencing pattern in transition from youth to early adulthood.
As the cohort gets younger, there is an increasing tendency toward the normative life pattern (ordered sequence of transitional events --school completion of f=full-time job participation-getting married).
2. Emergence of women's normative pattern and accelerating Prvalence
Great change between the female cohorts is observed in the fact that in the young cohorts the rate of the normative transition pattern registered a sharp increase, rapidly approximation to the male pattern. 3. Counter-transition is significant in both early and later life transitions in particular.
As individuals move because of aging from one role to another, their significant other undergo counterpart transitions, for example, desease or death of one's spouse, or a family crisis, such as parent's divorce or death in one's childhood, requires simultaneous transitions by all family members, with complex economic and social as well as psychological consequences foe the lives of the individuals.

本研究は、戦後日本における家族社会学の成立と展開を、終戦直後の1940年代の後半から60年代および70年代の前半にかけてのおよそ20余年の時間幅のなかで検討するものであり、それを主要文献の検討と、関係者へのインタビューの両面から実施した。 主要文献の検討は、定期的に研究会を開催して報告とディスカッションを行い、それを録音したものをテープ起こしして活字化し、資料とした。また、関係者へのインタビューについては、湯沢雍彦先生（お茶の水女子大学名誉教授）のお話を詳しくお聞きして、貴重なインタビューデータを作成することができた。湯沢先生は、1955年の小山隆による「家族問題研究会」の設立に東京家庭裁判所の調査官の立場から参加協力し、以降長年にわたって同研究会の事務局を担当した方で、この家族問題研究会が戦後の家族社会学の成立をも支えた最も重要な組織であるため、戦後家族社会学の成立期の生き証人ともいえる方である。もともと家庭裁判所の調査官のお仕事をされていた方であり、学問的背景も社会学だけでなく法学にもまたがっており、現実的・実際的な家族問題への対処を重視されていたので、その後の家族社会学の理論重視の志向性に対して批判的で一定の距離をお持ちであることが、つよく印象づけられた。 また、もうお一方、戦後家族社会学の主流とは一線を画するマルクス主義的な傾向をもつ家族社会学研究の代表者として、札幌学院大学学長の布施晶子先生へのインタビューも予定し、9月に日本家族社会学の大会が同大学で開催されたのに合わせて研究会を当地で行った。しかし、布施先生が多忙であったため、予定していた詳しいインタビューは実施できず、これについては今後の課題として残された。