[in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Recently a mobility system been changed dramatically in many aspects, such as the improvements of energy efficiency of prime mover, self-driving technology and security-related technology. In this paper the environmental burden of mobility system is picked up and discussed briefly from the viewpoint of LCA(Life Cycle Assessment).

[in Japanese]

Thailand, with its abundant agricultural resources, is a well positioned to deploy biofuels such as ethanol and biodiesel. To enhance the self-dependence on the energy and economy in rural areas, the government has implemented the "Alternative Energy Development Plan: AEDP 2012-2021", aiming to increase the amount of alternative and renewable energy utilization. To ensure the sustainability of the biodiesel production not only research on high efficient production technology improvement is need, but also studies on the impacts from promoting the non-food feedstock such as Jatropha. This study aims to evaluate environmental and social impacts of Jatropha-based biodiesel production by using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) concept. The scope of this study is defined as "cradle-to-gate" which includesJatropha cultivation, harvesting, oil extraction and biodiesel production. Inventory data used in this study was developed byan on-site interview and consultation with Jatropha farmers and experts throughout the three provinces in the northern part of Thailand. The environmental impacts were analyzed by the modified LCA methodology called Environmental Load Point (ELP), formulated by the Nagata Laboratory of Waseda University. The weighting factor used in ELP developed by taking Thailand as a case study. The assessment of social impacts of Jatropha biodiesel systems referred to criteria indicated in the Global Bioenergy Partnership Sustainability Indicator for Bioenergy. The results show the environmental impacts of the Jatropha biodiesel production from a localized environmental viewpoint. The social impacts are focused on results of the change in income and job creation in the local community due to the establishment of biodiesel production system. These can be useful for the policy maker to promote the advantages of non-food biodiesel and enhance the cultivation areas and production plant to the rural in further.

Thailand, with its abundant agricultural resources, is a well positioned to deploy biofuels such as ethanol and biodiesel. To enhance the self-dependence on the energy and economy in rural areas, the government has implemented the "Alternative Energy Development Plan: AEDP 2012-2021", aiming to increase the amount of alternative and renewable energy utilization. To ensure the sustainability of the biodiesel production not only research on high efficient production technology improvement is need, but also studies on the impacts from promoting the non-food feedstock such as Jatropha. This study aims to evaluate environmental and social impacts of Jatropha-based biodiesel production by using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) concept. The scope of this study is defined as "cradle-to-gate" which includesJatropha cultivation, harvesting, oil extraction and biodiesel production. Inventory data used in this study was developed byan on-site interview and consultation with Jatropha farmers and experts throughout the three provinces in the northern part of Thailand. The environmental impacts were analyzed by the modified LCA methodology called Environmental Load Point (ELP), formulated by the Nagata Laboratory of Waseda University. The weighting factor used in ELP developed by taking Thailand as a case study. The assessment of social impacts of Jatropha biodiesel systems referred to criteria indicated in the Global Bioenergy Partnership Sustainability Indicator for Bioenergy. The results show the environmental impacts of the Jatropha biodiesel production from a localized environmental viewpoint. The social impacts are focused on results of the change in income and job creation in the local community due to the establishment of biodiesel production system. These can be useful for the policy maker to promote the advantages of non-food biodiesel and enhance the cultivation areas and production plant to the rural in further.

A looped tube type thermoacoustic prime mover with multiple regenerators driven by pressurized steam is being constructed. The pressurized steam is produced within a container filled by water which is boiled by an immersion electric heater. The steam is then let to flow t the hot heat exchangers of the thermoacoustic prime mover. The maximum pressure and temperature of the steam can be increased by adding extra water into the container when most of initial amount of water has changed to steam. The thermoacoustic prime mover with one to four regenerators will be tested. After laboratory test, we plan to realize a thermoacoustic prime mover driven by natural heat, by replacing the immersion electric heater with concentrated sunlight, and by utilizing steam from geothermal well.

Because energy consumption by demand for electricity, air-conditioning and hot water supply is so large in the small-scale stores such as a restaurant, a fast food and a convenience store, it is very effective in saving energy and environmental preservation to introduce a power generation and heat supply system. In this paper, examination in effect of introducing the system is conducted in these small-scale stores. The system consists of a Stirling engine generator, a combustor, an exhaust gas heat exchanger or air pre-heater, and a low temperature regenerative desiccant air-conditioner. It has a system efficiency of 102% at cooling and 115% at heating. From the results of examination, it makes clear that saving energy and reduction in CO_2 emissions are achieved in restaurants, but the system introduction hardly has an effect in convenience stores.

It has been performed a simple simulation and calculation on solar energy collection which is used indirectly to power a thermoacoustic prime mover by producing pressurized hot steam which would supply thermal energy to the prime mover via sealed-off hot heat exchangers. The solar energy collection took place in Yogyakarta City - Indonesia where the average energy of solar global radiation of 4.8 kWh/m(2)/day (17.3MJ/m(2)/day) is available around the year The calculation including the amount of the remaining heat stored, steam pressure, and steam temperature for various areas of the collector unit (Fresnel lens) and volume of water, were done as a function of time for several days. We found that appropriate combinations of lens area and water volume would enable us to operate the thermoacoustic prime mover continuously all day and night.

It has been performed a simple simulation and calculation on solar energy collection which is used indirectly to power a thermoacoustic prime mover by producing pressurized hot steam which would supply thermal energy to the prime mover via sealed-off hot heat exchangers. The solar energy collection took place in Yogyakarta City - Indonesia where the average energy of solar global radiation of 4.8 kWh/m(2)/day (17.3MJ/m(2)/day) is available around the year The calculation including the amount of the remaining heat stored, steam pressure, and steam temperature for various areas of the collector unit (Fresnel lens) and volume of water, were done as a function of time for several days. We found that appropriate combinations of lens area and water volume would enable us to operate the thermoacoustic prime mover continuously all day and night.

Because not only electricity consumption per unit area but also hot water supply demand is large in the small-scale stores such as a restaurant, a fast food and a convenience store, it is very effective in saving energy and environmental preservation to introduce a power generation and heat supply system. In this paper, present conditions of energy consumption and electricity/heat demand in these small-scale stores are investigated, and the new system using a Stirling engine is suggested, which can supply electricity, hot water and air-conditioning output. The system consists of a Stirling engine generator, a combustor, an exhaust gas heat exchanger or air pre-heater, and a low temeperature regenerative desiccant air-conditioner. It is expected an efficiency of 80% or more at cooling and 90% or more at heating.

For the prevention of environment against global warming and at the same time for the preservation of energy, we are focused on the utilization of unused or waste energy. In this research, we have tested the new type of energy conversion system with thermoacoustic prime mover. The advantages of this prime mover are the simplicity and the flexibility for various heat sources such as an external engine. To enhance the performance of the system, we introduce membrane of natural rubber into the system to cut the DC heat flow inside the resonant tube. In this paper, some discussions on the basic of membrane insertion and effect of it on the performance have been done.

In this research, our interests focused on the thermoacoustic prime mover to recover the waste heat and effective utilization of it. The advantages of this prime mover are the flexibility for various heat sources as an external engine and a possibility as the cost effective system due to simple structure. To improve the total thermal efficiency, various efforts have been made experimentally to grasp the optimization of stack structure which plays an important role to energy conversion. Finally, discussion on the future application of prime mover aiming to utilize the waste energy of exhaust gas is made. From experimental results of inserting PA, the smaller inner diameter of PA shows a good effect on the performance in terms of small phase difference generation.

In this research, our interests focused on the thermoacoustic prime mover to recover the waste heat and effective utilization of it. The advantages of this prime mover are the flexibility for various heat sources as an external engine and a possibility as the cost effective system due to simple structure. For the practical application, various efforts have been made experimentally to grasp the optimization of stack structure which plays an important role to energy conversion. In this paper, we install the linear alternator into the thermoacoustic engine as an energy conversion device from acoustic to electric energy.

In this research, our interests focused on the thermoacoustic prime mover to recover the waste heat and effective utilization of it. The advantages of this prime mover are the flexibility for various heat sources as an external engine and a possibility as the cost effective system due to simple structure. To improve the total thermal efficiency, various efforts have been made experimentally to grasp the optimization of stack structure which plays an important role to energy conversion. Finally, discussions on the future application of prime mover aiming to utilize the waste energy of exhaust gas are made and, by installing a membrane of natural rubber inside the tube, the acoustic intensity has increased by 20%.

In this research, our interests focused on the thermoacoustic prime mover to recover the waste heat and effective utilization of it. The advantages of this prime mover are the flexibility for various heat sources as an external engine and a possibility as the cost effective system due to simple structure. To improve the total thermal efficiency, various efforts have been made experimentally to grasp the optimization of stack structure which plays an important role to energy conversion. Finally, discussions on the future application of prime mover aiming to utilize the waste energy of exhaust gas are made and, by installing a membrane of natural rubber inside the tube, the acoustic intensity has increased by 20%.

Thermoacoustic apparatus is attracting attention as a technology for next generation that aims effective utilization of exhaust heat from a motorcar or a factory in recent years. In this research, we produce a simple loop-type thermo-acoustic engine, and aim to take in the fluid condition, effect of DC flow and influencing factor to the performance. And we grasp basic characteristics to construct the high efficient and in-car equipment.

In this research, our interests focused on the thermoacoustic prime mover to recover the waste heat and effective utilization of it. The advantages of this prime mover are the flexibility for various heat sources as an external engine and a possibility as the cost effective system due to simple structure. To improve the total thermal efficiency, various efforts have been made experimentally to grasp the optimization of stack structure which plays an important role to energy conversion. Finally, discussion on the future application of prime mover aiming to utilize the waste energy of exhaust gas is made.

Test models of free piston Stirling engine (FPSE) converter have been developed as heat-to-electricity power converters for a demonstration of solar heat energy utilization at the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), for future aerospace applications. In the case of the FPSE, the output power of the working gas is directly used as the linear alternator input and then converted into electrical power. Therefore, the linear alternator is one of the most important devices in the FPSE. On the other hand, thermo-acoustic engine (TAE) is a technology that uses high-amplitude sound waves induced by a temperature difference. The work of the sound waves can be converted to electricity by a highly efficient linear alternator. Therefore, the linear alternator is also a key component for the TEA. To realize efficient linear alternators that are suitable for the TAE, several types of linear alternators have been designed and developed based on JAXA's FPSE technology. In this study, the performance evaluations of the linear alternators were conducted.

type:論文(Article)

In this research, our interest focused on the thermo-acoustic prime mover to recover the waste heat and effective utilization of it. The advantage of this prime mover are the flexibility for various heat source as an external engine and has a possibility as the cost effective system due to simple structure. To improve the total thermal efficiency, various efforts have been made experimentally and theoretically. In this research, experimental attempts are made to grasp the optimization of stack structure which plays an important role to energy conversion. Finally, discussion on the future application of prime mover aiming to utilize the waste energy of exhaust gas is made.

Recently, development and the spread of environmentally-friendly and high-efficiency single-seat fuel cell electric vehicle are expected. Then, in order to up-grade a fuel cell electric vehicle, we participated in the fuel cell section established in energy saving competition "World Econo move (WEM)". We simulated for the best running condition by experiment, and carried out test run to prove its performance. As a result, power consumption was improved by regeneration, and thereby about 1.56km extension of the cruising range was achieved compared with the year before run.

Consideration of 3 R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) is strongly required for industrial products' design. General-purpose pumps' design makes them difficult to disassemble and classify into single material. Their value-adding functions continue to improve through increased quality, reduced costs, unification of multiple functions, adoption of bond connection methods, built-in compression, and so on. Such features make disassembly difficult.<BR>We developed and manufactured an environmentally friendly general-purpose pump to improve the problems cited above. We specifically improved the disassembly property of the motor, which includes useful, resource-rich parts, and introduction of the concept of“Up-Grading”products, which can realize up-grading of its structure during the use stage. Our assessment method shows that this pump has a 36% lower environmental load than the former product.

Owing to utilization of highly advanced earth-observation sensors and superconducting devices on communication satellites, space-borne cryocoolers have been increasingly used in many space missions for recent years. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out fundamental researches for development of space-borne cryocoolers with compact-lightweight, high performance, high reliability, and long service life. New cooling systems of thermoacoustic devices have gotten a lot of attention recently. We suggest a thermoacoustic engine as a pressure wave source for a pulse tube refrigerator, which is expectedly used for thermally-driven cooling system in orbit without electricity. Although the existing thermal compressor needs a long resonance tube, the proposed cooling system is equipped with solid displacers instead of bulky and massive tube. In this study, thermoacoustic prime mover of solid-displacer type is experimentally investigated.

The construction of the waste management system corresponding to the recycling society is needed. The construction of Best Available System is hoped for in all respects of the municipal waste from the exhaust stage to recycle or final disposal stage with its evaluation. We understood the current state of the municipal waste processing, and developed the evaluation system that facilitated making the improvement idea for the processing plan to the municipality. Concretely, we did the questionnaire survey concerning the collection and the processing form to some cities for making the data base of the supporting tool and grasping the realities of their waste management system. Then, we arranged, analyzed, and proposed the Best Available System to the waste management system.

In recent years, occurrence of the accidents in the general waste disposal facilities is reported from many fields. Then, we surveyed the bulky waste disposal facilities, and made the accidents and troubles data base to prevent the accidents. We developed the New Safety Analysis Method built in accidents and troubles data base to find the potential risk from the design phase of the facilities. We examined the accident scenarios that have max risk point on the bulky waste disposal facilities with New Safety Analysis Method as the case study. As a result we obtained that the operator caused the explosion by the combustible gas with usual drive on the ripper is the highest risk accident.

To construct the Sustainable Society, the importance of consideration to 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) in the design phase increases in various industrial products. Concerning Reuse and Recycle, the improvement of the disassembly property is important. Then we develop the quantity disassembly property assessment method. In this paper, we pay attention to foreign products, especially refrigerators and home cleaners, which are more and more sold into our country. We compare their disassembly property and 3R consideration at the design with Japanese ones. And also, we develop Disassembly Supporting Software which support the disassembly process of used products by showing disassembly flow and 3D animation

Recently, development and the spread of small, lightweight, environmentally-friendly and high-efficiency single-seat fuel cell electric vehicle are expected. Then, in order to realize this concept, we designed and manufactured for ULFCV (Ultra Lightweight Fuel Cell Electric Concept Vehicle) applying the development technology of competition vehicle. In this paper, to realize more practicability, we considered the power system of the ULFCV by designing new type high powered motor and selecting best available fuel cell and capacitor.. We confirmed the ascending performance by doing test run on the public road and at Honjo campus of Waseda University. As the result, we're able to achieve the driving of 14%. slope. In addition, 46% reduce of light energy was achieved by making lights by LED.

In this study, we attempt to construct a environmental load information management system of industrial machines, especially pump system, by using special IC tag. First, we developed a special IC tag system, which records product specific information and corrects and accumulates the machine's operating information. Second, we developed a software for monitoring the pump based on the information collected by the special IC tag, that we call "Operating Information Management System", and a tool for supporting the disassembling and remanufacturing process of used machines by showing its disassembling flow and 3D animation, that we call "3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) Information Management System". In addition, we developed a trial Environment-friendly General-purpose Pump that can realize the reduction of environmental load throughout the life cycle.

In recent years, environmental problems of global have been aggravated. Especially the increase of the energy consumed in the home becomes a big problem in the social section. So, we have suggested the LSA (Life Style Assessment) as the assessment method of the environmental load in one's everyday life, and have evaluated the effect of environmental load reduction by improving the behavior of life style. In this report, we classified the life style in the home into four such as the residence, cooking, amusements and clothes, then assessed the environmental load of the classification and the entire lifestyle. Moreover, to do such an assessment in individual's life style, we developed the LSA software. By using this software we enabled to understand the environmental load in the entire life quantitatively and showed the effectiveness of it.

To construct the Sustainable Society, the importance of consideration in the design phase to 3R (Reduce , Reuse , Recycle) increases in various industrial products. Especially, concerning Reuse and Recycle, the improvement of the disassembly property of the products is an indispensable matter. Then, the quantity assessment method of facility disassembly property is examined in this research. The comparison by the disassembly time is effective as the means to evaluate the disassembly property. Then, we develop the Disassembly Property Index which is able to estimate the real disassembly time easily from the data which can be obtained at the design stage. In this paper, the method of deciding each element that composed the index is described, analyzing 32 products' disassembling examination results, and we show effectiveness of the Disassembly Property Index as the assessment tool for estimating the real disassembly time was obtained.

In this research, for the construction of the sustainable society, we propose the product that can improve the performance making the best use of original longevity and it applies to the car. Then we examined the use of the fuel containing Bio-ethanol aiming at measures for controlling global warming. We calculated the Consumption energy and the amount of the CO_2 exhaust at the production, transportation, refinement, and use stage of the fuel, and evaluated the environmental load by Eco-Efficiency Potential Assessment (E2-PA) at each stage. As a result, the amount of energy consumption from the production stage to use stage increased by 0.1% in the ethanol mixture rate 3 %(E3), 0.3% in 10 %(E10), that of the CO_2 exhaust was reduced 1.1% in E3, 3.7% in E10 compared with gasoline. And the material impact was reduced 3.3% in the ethanol mixture rate 3 %(E3), 11.4% in 10 %( E10) compared with gasoline.

In these recent years, environment-conscious type society is being requested. But on the other hand the industrial products are not necessarily operated wisely. It can be said that effective maintenance and the operation of the energy consumption type product, such as business equipment, are extremely effective, for instance as CO_2 measures. So, as a familiar example, we have researched about the effectiveness of the operating information management system intended for the vending machine, since its diffusion of the whole country is very high. Concretely, we have examined the operational condition of the cup type and the can vending machine set up in the Waseda University Ohkubo campus, and its energy-saving measures too. Driving matched from acquired data to the number of buyers of every time zone that the vending machine was able to be used, therefore power consumption during a day confirmed 17% or less had been reduced in the cup type vending machine, by 3% or less in the can vending machine.

The concept design of environmental-friendly production and operation / recycling system is proposed. To realize this system, it is necessary to broadcast the information effectively over internets such as the life cycle of industrial machines to consumers and the way of recovery / reproduction to producers. Especially, by storing a history in use of an 1C tag, the information, which is useful to the improvement in operation efficiency is extracted, and design data is offered. On the other hand, broadcasting the 3D-CAD data related to the flowchart of distraction is not only supportive to reproduction or maintenance, but also to analysis of the recycling effects. This system could be applied to processing of waste, and an accumulation result can be fed back to the design of the product.

In recent years, to construct the Sustainable Society, the importance of consideration in the design and the manufacturing phase to 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) increases in various Industrial products. Especially, concerning Reuse and Recycle, the improvement of the disassembly property of the products is an indispensable matter. Industrial machines are essential products for the manufacturing site such as factories. However, Industrial machines are late products on 3R consideration at the total Life Cycle Stage. In this research, we target the pump, the fan, and the compressor in Industrial machines. We disassembled them, and evaluated by using Disassembly Property Index, our own assessment method. As a result, it turned out industrial machines that the assignment of connection disassembly process was high. Based on the assessment, we proposed the design for disassembly on the General-purpose pump, and the Environment-friendly pump was developed.

In these years, as the correspondence of the global environmental problems like global warming, exhaustion of energy and so on, the construction of the environmental-friendly society is strongly required. For constructing such society, as concerns the industrial products not only the consideration to 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) at the design stage, but also the management, by the maker itself, of the energy saving at the using stage and proper treatment for the used products at the recycle and waste stage is demanded under the principle of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR). However, such a system that manages all the life cycle of the industrial products is not investigated enough. In this study, we attempted to construct such a synthetic environmental-friendly technology for production and operation of industrial machines, especially pump system, by using special 1C tag. We call this system, Environmental Information System. At the same time we developed the special 1C tag, which exchanged information between each life cycle stage, we investigate some other technologies for decreasing the environmental impact in each process. Then, in this report, we show the findings of the investigation about a field test and the operation information collecting with the special 1C tag that actually develops. As a result, it is clarified that operation information with Special 1C tag can be collected correctly, and the driving point of the targeted machine can be guessed from obtained information

Recently, development and the spread are expected of environmentally-friendly and high-efficiency single-seat fuel cell electric vehicle. Then, in order to upgrade a fuel cell electric vehicle, we participated in the fuel cell section newly established in energy saving competition "World Econo move (WEM)". And we researched about the performance and the running method by doing test run. The result, we could achieve the cruising range 44.1km. In addition, we simulated for the best running condition. Then, the cruising range can expect 48.17km when the condition of capacity 83.3F of the capacitor and 8.5Ain motor control current average.

Recently, development and the spread are expected of small, lightweight, environmentally-friendly and high-efficiency single-seat fuel cell electric vehicle. Then, in order to realize this concept, we designed and manufactured for ULFCV (Ultra Lightweight Fuel Cell Electric Concept Vehicle) applying the development technology of competition vehicle. In this paper we researched about the performance of the ULFCV by doing test run. The result, we're able to achieve the cruising range 94.25km by hybrid system (with lead battery). In addition, running in the public road was achieved by acquiring the motorized bicycle number.

In this study, we have suggested the concept of "up-grading" product that can improve the performance and aim at a long life for the construction of the sustainable society. At that point, we converted the gasoline car into the electric vehicle (EV). we showed the effectiveness of driving at high-speed and the drive pattern that there are much stop and departure on produced convert EV. And the environmental load can be reduced by driving the convert EV more than 7000km. From the point of management of the parts life, we experimented the deterioration of the butteries on EV, we showed that the voltage and the current change were different according to the deterioration situation.

Recently, in order to shift to Sustainable Society, it is required for products' parts to be used long-term. Therefore, we aim to prove the effectiveness for the protection of the environment and the resource by promoting reuse parts. In this study, from this point of view, we promote reuse parts in the case of recycling of End-of-Life Vehicle (ELY). In this report, we assess quantitatively the environmental load of manufacture of reuse parts by Eco-Efficiency Potential Assessment (E2-PA), our own assessment method. Concretely, we compared the environmental load of reuse parts, new parts and recycling parts. As a result, we show the case of reuse parts reduce environmental load in 90% or more compared to the case of new parts. We also proposed the guideline for the promotion of the using reuse parts and improvement of ELV's recycling.

In recent years global environmental problems become aggravated, the shift to the sustainable society is required. The quantitative environmental load assessment is necessary to achieve the sustainable society. Though various LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) method is developed for such a demand, it is pointed out that there are a lot of problems in existing LCA. To solve such problems, Eco-Efficiency Potential Assessment (E2-PA) was developed. In this paper, we study on Hazardous Intensity (HI). HI is Materials and Energy for taking hazardous substances into harmless as Potential, but the process for taking hazardous substances into harmless is not decided. So in this research HI is alternated by two methods (Method 1: alternate by the intensity for virgin resources. Method 2: alternate by the ratio of hazardous factor to the standard substance). Then we show the products' assessment result by using alternated HI, and compares it with other LCA. As a result, validity as the potential evaluation of E2-PA is shown.

In recent years global environmental problems become aggravated, the shift to the sustainable society is required. The quantitative environmental load assessment is necessary to achieve the sustainable society. Though various LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) method is developed for such a demand, it is pointed out that there are a lot of problems in existing LCA. To solve such problems, Eco-Efficiency Potential Assessment (E2-PA) was developed. This research is investigation of "Utility" of the product. Utility is defined as the market price of the product. Setting the market price of the product for criterion variable, Elements of Utility for explanatory variable, multiple regression analysis is done. The accuracy of multiple regression analysis is given to official approval, the Utility is decided. By the result of E2-PA including Utility, the importance of improving the Utility of the product is shown. And aslso To aim at the spread of E2-PA, E2-PA software is developed.

In recent years, global environmental problems have been aggravated. Especially the revolution of our lifestyle is requested. So, we have suggested the LSA (Life Style Assessment) as the environmental load assessment method in one's everyday life, and have evaluated the effect of environmental load reduction by improving the behavior of life style. In this report, we paid attention to the environmental load caused by heating apparatus and clothes in our life. In heating apparatus we compared the environmental load, the cost, and the utility. On clothes we evaluated the environmental load of 24 products. Moreover, to do such an assessment in individual's life style, we developed the LSA software. By using this software we enabled to understand the environmental load in the entire life quantitatively and showed the effectiveness of it.

Recently, construction of the waste disposal system corresponding to sustainable society is needed. It is so important for the local government to plan the waste disposal management to understand the environmental load and the cost from the collection to processing and transportation quantitatively. Then, we did the hearing investigation about the collection and transportation, and proposed an easier modeling method about those distances and costs from the investigation results. Moreover, we evaluated various collection systems including processing by applying Environmental Load Point; ELP, our own Life Cycle Assessment method, and taking correlation with Life Cycle Cost; LCC. Then we confirmed the effectiveness of the appropriate discretion.

In recent years, troubles of fire and burst at waste disposal processes have been rising. In this report, we investigated the cause of the large scale burst of Mie RDF power plant occurred in August last year. We especially focus attention to the final cooling process of RDF production line. We simulated the cooling and heat production characteristics of stored RDF. Then we obtained two conclusions. First, when RDF is piled up as a cube with side length of 3 meters in a pit silo, minimum ignition temperature is about 54 degrees. Second, it is important to keep the temperature under 40 degrees and to limit the height of piled up RDF under 5 meters at storage.

The concept design of environmental-friendly production and operation / recycling system is proposed, which broadcasts effectively the information over the life cycle of industrial machines to consumers and recovery / reproduction producers. Especially, by storing a history in use in IC tag, the information, which is useful to the improvement in operation efficiency, is extracted, and design data is offered. This system could be applied processing of waste, and an accumulation result can be fed back to a design.

Recently, the situation of air pollution centering on an urban area aggravates at the crossing of the trunk road. This paper describes purification system for NO_x and SPM using water adsorption by the bubble column. The system considers that such a local pollution area is a fixed generation source. In this experimental, it is experimented on supersonic wave for minuteness of air bubbles, oxidization of NO on low concentration by Activated Carbon Fiber (ACF) and diffusing cylinder for cutbacks of energy. As a result, supersonic wave aim at the increase in gas-liquid contact area by minuteness of air bubbles fine. Supersonic wave for minuteness is uncertain and used large energy, so the improvement in system efficiency is not expectable. Catalytic oxidation of NO to NO_2 on ACF is not identified, but the effect as adsorbent is done. We recognize that use of the diffusing cylinder improve the system efficiency. But compared with other methods, it is low, and there will be room of research from now on.

Recently, a lot of environmental problems have been escalating. In these circumstances, it is not small for our everyday lives to make an impact on the global environment. So, we have suggested the LSA (Life Style Assessment) as the evaluation method of the environmental load in one's everyday life, and have evaluated the effect of environmental load reduction by improving the behavior of lifestyle. In this report, we evaluated the environmental load in using heating appliances. As a result, the environmental load became the smallest value when using "kotatsu" (small table with an electric heater underneath and covered by a quilt). Additionally, we suggested the renewal-timing index of home electric appliances from the aspect of the quantity of electric power consumption.

This research describes the change in the environmental impact by extending in the waste collection. Recently, the construction of the waste management system corresponding to the resource recycling society is required. Then, we did the hearing investigation of the collection of waste to the local government that took charge of the responsibility of waste management, and verified the mileage calculation by the grid city model from the investigation result. And, we evaluated a variety of collection systems by using the assessment technique of the life cycle of the technology that this laboratory had proposed so far.

Recently, construction of the refuse disposal system corresponding to recycling society is needed. Then, it is raised as one measure that many wastes by which the present incineration processing is carried out are used effectively as energy and resources. This research quantitatively evaluates environmental load using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) technique focusing on high efficiency of refuse power generation and effective use technology of a residual substance. We use the Environmental Load Point (ELP) for index. The conclusion that can realize reduction of environmental load without having big influence on economy is obtained because of enhancement of power generation efficiency by enlargement of a processing scale and steam condition improvement. Moreover, the conclusion that can realize reduction of environmental load is obtained because of the effective use technology of a residual substance considers the obtained resources as product substitution.

In these years, as the correspondence of the global environmental problems like global warming, exhaustion of energy and so on, the construction of the environmental-friendly society is strongly required. For constructing such society, as concerns the industrial products not only the consideration to 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) at the design stage, but also the management, by the maker itself, of the energy saving at the using stage and proper treatment for the used products at the recycle and waste stage is demanded under the principle of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR). However, such a system that manages all the life cycle of the industrial products is not investigated enough. In this study, we attempted to construct such a synthetic environmental-friendly technology for production and operation of industrial machines, especially pump system, by using special IC tag. We call this system, Environmental Information System. In parallel with the development of the special IC tag, which exchanges information between each life cycle stage, we investigate some other technologies for decreasing the environmental impact in each process. Then, in this report, we show the effectiveness of this system in terms of environmental impact by applying Eco-Efficiency Potential Assessment (E2-PA), which is the environmental load assessment technique we develop.

In these years, as the correspondence of the global environmental problems like global warming, exhaustion of energy and so on, the construction of the environmental-friendly society is strongly required. For constructing such society, as concerns the industrial products not only the consideration to 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) at the design stage, but also the management, by the maker itself, of the energy saving at the using stage and proper treatment for the used products at the recycle and waste stage is demanded under the principle of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR). However, such a system that manages all the life cycle of the industrial products is not investigated enough. In this study, we attempted to construct such a synthetic environmental-friendly technology for production and operation of industrial machines, especially pump system, by using special IC tag. We call this system, Environmental Information System. In parallel with the development of the special IC tag, which exchanges information between each life cycle stage, we investigate some other technologies for decreasing the environmental impact in each process. Then, in this report, we show the findings of the investigation about environmental-friendly design of pump. We paid attention to the improvement of the disassembling property of the motor, which is one of the most valuable parts of pump, to achieve its reuse and up grading at the using stage. Besides, we got the guide about 3R information management system, which intends to increase efficiency at the disassembling and distinguishing process, which done by hand at present.

In these years, as the correspondence of the global environmental problems like global warming, exhaustion of energy and so on, the construction of the environmental-friendly society is strongly required. For constructing such society, as concerns the industrial products not only the consideration to 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) at the design stage, but also the management, by the maker itself, of the energy saving at the using stage and proper treatment for the used products at the recycle and waste stage is demanded under the principle of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR). However, such a system that manages all the life cycle of the industrial products is not investigated enough. In this study, we attempted to construct such a synthetic environmental-friendly technology for production and operation of industrial machines, especially pump system, by using special IC tag. We call this system, Environmental Information System. At the same time we developed the special IC tag, which exchanged information between each life cycle stage, we investigate some other technologies for decreasing the environmental impact in each process. Then, in this report, we show the findings of the investigation about accumulation date in the special IC tag system. We investigated how to use the accumulation date of the pump to grasp the condition at the using stage. Besides, we made the operation management process of the pump. Consequently, the system enable diagnosis of energy conservation and operation advices, which intends to increase efficiency at various industrial machines, which done by hand at present.

The range of the assessment by E2-PA includes not only the environmental impact of the industrial products but also the utility of that. In this study, we investigate the utility of PC, laundry machine and television. For investigating those utilities it is necessary to make a multiple regression analysis based on two assumptions. One is to consider the market price of the industrial products as the objective variable and the other is to consider the factor of that as the interpretative variable. According to the result of the multiple regression analysis it is judged whether the utility is appropriate or not. And the result of the assessment by E2-PA that demanded from the multiple regression analysis is compared with the result regarding the main function as the utility about PC and laundry machine. Those consequences represent the indicator for deciding the utility of the industrial products.

Recently, the rise of the concern about an environmental problem or an energy problem is asked for the low-emission and low fuel-efficient car. As solution, the development and the spread of cars using a fossil fuel, which used electricity directly, are directly expected. Then, in order to develop a small electric powered vehicle, we purpose of a further performance is the vehicle for energy saving competition "World Econo Move (WEM)" We carried out for charge of a battery by the putting in hot water, regeneration of energy by capacitors. The result, we could slowdown energy is cut down 6% by the regeneration, and thereby increase the mileage at 0.6km compared to the last year.

Recently, the rise of the concern about an environmental problem or an energy problem is asked for the low-emission and low fuel-efficient car. As solution, the development and the spread of cars using a fossil fuel, which used electricity directly, are directly expected. Then, in order to develop a small electric powered vehicle, we purpose of drastic and manufactured for Ultra Lightweight Concept Vehicle (ULV) by the development technology. we purpose of drastic curtailment of consumption energy, therefore the design is added necessary minimum entrainment space of the WEM vehicle. The result, we could Power consumption is cut down 64% and 1 charge mileage is 66km from a test-drive result.

Recently, it increases the importance of concern for 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) at the design phase of manufactured product toward creation of a recycling society with a low impact on the environment. Especially, improvement of product disassembly efficiency is essential to concern for Reuse and Recycle. Therefore, in this study, we take up office furniture as one of manufactured product, and disassemble experiment on them, analyze their experimental data. Then, we make a quantitative assessment of office furniture disassembly efficiency by the Design for Disassembly Assessment Index that we developed to make a quantitative assessment of manufactured product from the experimental results. In addition, we aim at the proposal on the design method of disassembly of office furniture.

In these years, increase of waste and exhaust of resource become major issues by the progress of mass productive, mass consumptive and mass waste life style. As the correspondence, the construction of circulation type society is required. For constructing such society, the consideration to 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) at the design and manufacture stage of the industrial product become very important. As the correspondence to Reuse and Recycle, the improvement of disassembling property of the products is especially required. Therefore, we propose the index that we assess at disassembling property of the products quantitatively. This index is that we roughly estimate the real disassembling time from the information on the design stage, as the disassembling time becomes the guideline that we assess at disassembling property. In this study, we aim at establishing the method of the determination of the index to apply the Design for Disassembly Assessment Index to various products

Recently it is required to shift consumer society to Recycling-based Society. Therefore we proposed a concept for the product upgrading by adopting the new environment-friendly technology without wasting its life. In this study we aim to prove the effectiveness for the protection of the environment and the resource with that concept. In this report, we upgraded the regenerative braking system of an electric vehicle that converted from an internal-combustion vehicle. And we participate three games for EV. As a result, the drive range by one time charge became 103.1km. And compared with the internal-combustion vehicle, our EV reduced 40% of CO_2 and 20% of NO_2. And we proved the usefulness of our EV by winning these games

Recently, in order to consumer society shifts to Recycling-based Society, it is required for products' parts to be used long-term. Therefore we aim to prove the effectiveness for the protection of the environment and the resource by promoting reuse parts. In this study, from this point of view, we promote reuse parts in the case of recycling of End-of Life Vehicle (ELV). In this report, we paid attention to the light cars in the increasing tendency. We actually dismantled the light car and with the car disassembling data, we estimate the Life Cycle Assessment of cars. As a result, we proposed the guidelines about car's Disassembly-Oriented Design, and showed that using reuse parts is effective for resolving problems about environment and energy waste. And we also show that increasing kinds of reuse parts of the light car decreased environmental load more than now.

Recently, it has been increasing exhausted waste abundance and the quality is also become diversing. Along with the diverse of composition of waste, the case that flammable substance is mized in the disposal process has been increasing and the burst and blaze hazard are also on the rise. In this study, it proposed the cause investigation of an accident increase and the accident prevention measures by using the risk analysis. It aims to investigate the ignition controlling effect by the ignition characteristic of the combustible gas that assumed in the pyrolizer in the carrier of the garbage truck and in the ripper in addition and the inert gas addition, and to obtain the indicator of the overall explosion-proof measures from these experiment results and the analyses.

In these days, against the background of global environment problems including deletion of ozone depletion, it tends to multiuse the refrigerator along with the upgrade of the earth observation sensor and the use of the superconducting devices such as communications equipment. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a basic technology of the refrigerator development of long-lived, small, high performance, and high trust. As a cooling system that answers such a request, the pulse tube cooler and the thermoacoustic prime mover that can be ordinarily driven in a simple structure attract attention. In general, to use the resonance phenomena of the working fluid, the thermoacoustic prime mover needs a long resonance tube. Therefore, the method to use the solid displacer instead of the resonance tube was proposed. This paper reports on the test result when the stack mesh size is took as an experimental parameter by using the solid displacer and performance was examined.

Because of employment of highly advanced earth observation sensors and employment of superconducting devices for communication equipment, number of missions with multi-cryocoolers tends to increase. Therefore, it is necessary to establish fundamental researches for space cryocooler development of small lightweight, high performance, high reliance, and a long-life. As the cooling system which responds to such a background, thermoacoustic devices attract attention. The attempt that uses a thermoacoustic engine for the pressure wave source of a pulse tube refrigerator is suggested, and if realized, application in space field is expected. In general, thermal compressors need a long resonance tube. Therefore, the system which operates solid displacer as resonator instead of a resonance tube was proposed. Though a great miniaturization of the device was achieved by adopting displacers, power loss in a displacer part became large, and a result which causes decline in efficiency was brought. Then, in this paper, the influence of displacer piston weight was investigated using three kinds pf displacers.

In these years, there are many attempts at saving the impact on the environment in various fields. And we also need to be considerably improved the impact in private sector, including our everyday life. But, compared with the industrial sector, there are few effective approaches in the private sector because of unestablished assessment method. In this study, we attempted to suggest LSA (Life Style Assessment) as an assessment method to reduce the environmental load in our everyday life. We evaluated the environment load of individual's action using ELP (Environmental Load Point). And we examined environmental load curtailment effect of action improvement in everyday life.

"World Econo Move" is the event competing for the driving distance with the battery under an equal condition. We improved on the car in preparation for that event. As a result, we could increase the mileage at 1.3km compared to the last year. After than event, reviewing the way of the putting in hot water to heat battery up, the electric capacity increased about 3.0%. So we will increase the mileage at 2.0km compared to this year.

Recently, Construction of the waste processing system corresponding to resources circulation type society is demanded. In the inside of the framework, when the local governments draw up a waste processing master plan, they need to perform quantitative evaluation of environmental load. Then, we created the software that can perform evaluation by the TLCA method that our laboratory proposes. And the analysis result of the exhaust gas processing technology in an incineration institution is described.

Recently, contamination of the road place-along-the-route atmosphere of a city part is aggravating. In this research, it considered that such a pollution area was the fixed generation source of toxic substance, and the purification system using water absorption of NOx, SPM was examined. As the result of an experiment, as for NO_2,75% of rate of removal, and, as for SPM, 90% of that was checked. From this result, although this system had the removal performance equivalent to the existing removal system, it was checked that it is necessary to raise processing efficiency towards utilization.

Gasification melting system is necessary for recycling and volume reduction of solid waste. however, many explosions accidents are caused by combustible gases filled in shredding or gasification melting process from gas cylinder and spray-can mixed within bulky waste. In this experiment, inhibition of ignition of mixed fuel composed of C_3H_8,CO and H_2,N_2 or CO_2 as the inert gas is analyzed using a spark plug as the source of ignition. As a result, 1) in waste grinder a lot of attention is needed for DME, because the ignition area of DME is larger than that of C_3H_8 and CH_4,2) according to the ignition limit calculated by Le Chatelier's formula, the security is ascertained at Pyrolysis Furnace, 3) the ignition limit is valued by the pace of increase of temperature and the product of organic radical and O containning radical.

Recently, by proper processing of waste and improvement in recycling technology, the waste processing system has shifted to the resources circulation type We intend to operate the evaluation of the environmental load with the use of LCA method We use the Environmental Load Point (ELP) for index. In order to evaluate the influence that change of the quality of garbage resulting from change of a waste processing system has on the quality of excretions, we examined the allocation.

Recently, a lot of environmental problems became obvious. Especially, waste problem is very serious. In this condition, some events adopting "Environment" as its slogan have come to be held. In those events, however, the situation of waste generation and the data of waste treatment have not been developed yet. So, we took "Kitakyushu Expo 2001" for instance and evaluated waste treatment system with LCA method. Then, we use the Environmental Load Point (ELP) for index. As a result, we found 1) ELP for recycling is far less than that for not recycling on the kind we could calculate ELP. so it is confirmed that recycling is environmental friendly, 2) "the Zero Emission System" in this event reduced the environmental load in treating each kind of waste.

Recently. a lot of environmental problems became obvious. Especially, waste problem is very serious. In this condition, some events adopting "Environment" as its slogan have come to be held. In those events, however, the situation of waste generation and the data of waste treatment have not been developed yet. So, we took "Kitakyushu Expo 2001" for instance and investigated the waste generation. And we made a study on the effectiveness of environmental considerations. As a result, we found 1) amount of waste generation in "Kitakyushu Expo 2001" is less than half that in the past expo because of the efforts to the reduction of waste generation (ex. use of returnable dishes), 2) the effectiveness of environmental considerations in the event is confirmed. So, we think environmental considerations like this are required in the future event (ex. Aichi Expo 2005).

In these years, increase of wastes and exhaust of resource become major issues according to the progress of mass productive, mass consumptive and mass waste economic system. As the correspondence, the construction of the sustainable society is strongly required. For constructing such society, the consideration to 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) at the design stage of industrial products become very important. Especially, as concerns Reuse and Recycle, the improvement of disassembling property of the products is one of the most important things to be considered. In this study, we attempted to investigate Disassembly-Oriented Design (DOD) for welfare tools, of which demand is estimated to increase due to the arrival of the aging society, by disassembling them. The products that we disassembled were nursing care bed and wheelchair. By disassembling them we understood the problems of the structure and compared the disassembling property of these products by applying the method of estimating products' disassembling property. Then we got the guide about DOD for these products.

Recently it is required to shift consumer society to Recycling-based Society. Therefore we proposed a concept for the product upgrading by adopting the new environment-friendly technology without wasting its life. In this study we aim to prove the effectiveness for the protection of the environment and the resource with that concept. In this report, we upgraded the regenerative braking system of an electric vehicle that converted from an internal-combustion vehicle. As a result, the drive range by one time charge increased 20.6%, and it became 103.1km. And compared with the internal-combustion vehicle, our EV reduced 40% of CO_2 and 20% of NO_2.

Recently, in order to consumer society shifts to Recycling-based Society, it is required for products' parts to be used long-term. Therefore we aim to prove the effectiveness for the protection of the environment and the resource by promoting reuse parts. In this study, from this point of view, we promote reuse parts in the case of recycling of End-of-Life Vehicle (ELV). In this report, we made tree diagrams of disassembly for estimating disassembling property. And with the car disassembling data, we estimate the Life Cycle Assessment of cars. As a result, we proposed the guidelines about car's Disassembly-Oriented Design, and showed that using reuse parts and recycling Automobile Shredder Residue (ASR) is effective for resolving problems about environment and waste.

The recycling method of a plastic is evaluated as the applied usage of environmental utility potential evaluation technique E2-PA. The three kinds of the recycling methods are energy recovery, material recycling, and oil-izing and those are compared. Supposing that a plastic for recycling is the mixture of PE and PVC, The renewable-resource intensity by each recycling method is computed and measured. As mentioned above, material recycling is advantageous when accuracy sufficient by machine sorting is acquired. However, considering the user-friendliness and the case where manual sorting is required, the profitableness of energy recovery or oil-izing is also fully considered.

A thermoacoustic refrigerator and a thermoacoustic prime mover, because of its simple structure, would serve as very desirable systems, because thermoacoustic prime movers can be driven with waste heat, such as exhaust gas from engines, or with the heat from natures such as sunlight and geothermal heat. The combined thermoacoustic refrigerator and prime mover system would become a perfect cooling system without moving parts, CFCs, and HFCs. Thus this "Thermoacoustic-driven Thermoacoustic Refrigerator" will be a candidate for the next-generation refrigeration systems. In this paper, we set up our thermoacoustic prime mover to investigate the fundamental characteristics. On the prime mover tests, the fundamental characteristics of stack dimensions are mainly checked and the condition of the oscillation generation is observed with the instantaneous measurement of temperature and pressure oscillation. The way to improve the thermal efficiency of the prime mover is mentioned in terms of the operating condition.

In environmental utility potential evaluation technique E2-PA, it is the quantitative evaluation technique of the environmental load which pursued and developed the standard nature as a decision-making support tool for a plan and a designer, and convenience. Comparison examination in consideration of the life cycle of the product which took part reuse, renewal, material recycling, etc., and the product which has not been taken in was performed. Moreover, the existing LCA technique also estimated the copying machine and it was compared with the evaluation result of E2-PA. As mentioned above, the validity of an inverse-system and the justification as the evaluation technique of E2-PA have been checked.

The recycling method of a plastic is evaluated as the applied usage of environmental utility potential evaluation technique E2-PA. The three kinds of the recycling method is energy recovery, material recycling, and oil-izing and those are compared. Supposing that a plastic for recycling is the mixture of PE and PVC, The renewable-resource intensity by each recycling method is computed and measured. As mentioned above, material recycling is advantageous when accuracy sufficient by machine sorting is acquired. However, considering the user-friendliness and the case where manual sorting is required, the profitableness of energy recovery or oil-izing is also fully considered.

A thermoacoustic refrigerator and a thermoacoustic prime mover, because of its simple structure, would serve as very desirable systems, because thermoacoustic prime movers can be driven with waste heat, such as exhaust gas from engines, or with the heat from natures such as sunlight and geothermal heat. The combined thermoacoustic refrigerator and prime mover system would become a perfect cooling system without moving parts, CFCs, and HFCs. Thus this “Thermoacoustic-driven Thermoacoustic Refrigerator” will be a candidate for the next-generation refrigeration systems. In this paper, we set up our thermoacoustic prime mover to investigate the fundamental characteristics. On the prime mover tests, the fundamental characteristics of stack dimensions are mainly checked and the condition of the oscillation generation is observed with the instantaneous measurement of temperature and pressure oscillation. The way to improve the thermal efficiency of the prime mover is mentioned in terms of the operating condition.

A thermoacoustic refrigerator is remarkable because it uses natural gas as a refrigerant and doesn't need a routine maintenance. Some experimental discussions and analysis have bee done, but there are few effective methods of system design of this refrigerator. In this paper, some results of performance tests of the heat-driven thermoacoustic driver and the heat-driven thermoacoustic refrigerator are discussed. In the acoustic driver's test, some kinds of stack are used to find out the optimum condition of stack configuration. From the result, there is an optimum condition of the stack configuration such as the ratio of the hydraulic diameter (D_h) to the thermal penetration depth (δ_K), and heat exchanging area. In conclusion, a large mesh is desirable for the stack, however, since certain amount of heat transfer area is necessary for the stack so the length of stack gets longer as a necessity. In order to enhance the performance, this driver's equipment should be big. In addition, the discussion of enhancement of the system performance and the possibility as an application is done.

Since environmental problems are getting to be very serious in these days, we have to provide for the protection of the environment as soon as possible. As a result of the Montreal Protocol and the Kyoto Protocol, utilization of CFCs and HFCs are restricted to phase out and to cut down respectively. Therefore, an interest is growing to apply a cryocooler to the non CFCs' and non HFCs' refrigeration system, which will be a candidate for alternatives of the traditional vapor compression refrigeration system. In particular, a helium gas is one of the promising refrigerants for its zero ODP (Ozone Depletion Potential) and zero GWP (Global Warming Potential) characteristics. In this paper, some kinds of heat exchanger have been discussed to compare the characteristics among various kinds of refrigeration system. And in addition, a Stirling cycle refrigeration system, such as pulse tube refrigeration, is focused to concretize the value of it and at the same time a checking up the feature of a pulse tube refrigerator is done. To make further reference to the performance of pulse tube refrigeration, a numerical calculation has been done. As a result of it, a velocity distribution in section varies greatly owing to the operating condition. Especially, near the solid wall, the definition of the thickness of boundary layer is difficult and that thickness acts on the refrigeration performance. Finally to improve or develop the Stirling cycle refrigeration system, some comments are made.

A thermoacoustic refrigerator is remarkable because it uses natural gas as a refrigerant and doesn't need a routine maintenance. Some experimental discussions and analysis have bee done, but there are few effective methods of system design of this refrigerator. In this paper, some results of performance tests of a loudspeaker-driven thermoacoustic refrigerator are discussed. In the investigation on the influence of stack type on the performance, a stack of parallel plate type is the highly efficient stack. From the result, some requirements exist for the stack configuration and some of them are listed. In conclusion, the cross-sectional shape of stack is needed to be the assembly of cells which have almost the same gap between solid walls, and the operating condition has a influential factor as well as the stack configuration does so.

Since environmental problems are getting to be very serious in these days, we have to provide for the protection of the environment as soon as possible. Therefore, an interest is growing to apply a cryocooler to the non CFCs' and non HFCs' refrigeration system, which will be a candidate for alternatives of the traditional vapor compression refrigeration system. In particular, a helium gas is one of the promising refrigerants for its zero ODP and zero GWP characleristics. In this paper, an orifice type pulse tube refrigerator (OPTR) is manufactured and some experiments to understand the refrigeration performance have been made. The characteristic of the refrigerator's cooling performance is that there is a proportional relationship between the cooling temperature and the heat load. And the possibility of this refrigerator as an application in terms of cooling temperature is discussed and the guidelines of designing the system are shown.