2019年度は現地調査（分担者・協力者合同および分担者単独）と、国内の外部研究会への参加を行った。具体的な内容は以下の通りである。（１）①合同現地調査（年8月22日～26日）：Oazu Nantoi国会議員、OSCE職員、歴史研究者Igor Casuと面談調査。トランスニストリア（沿ドニエストル）現地視察、歴史博物館等や学童施設の視察。（中期的成果）今回の現地調査は、8月下旬というモルドヴァにとって極めて重要な歴史的記念日の続く時期に実施した。同様に第二次世界大戦中にソ連に併合されたバルト三国とは異なり、モルドヴァの歴史認識の特徴は、民族的少数派と同多数派の間の相違だけではなく、多数派民族内での複数性と共存状態にある。ソ連による併合が同時にルーマニアからの解放でもあるのだが、それは単にレトリックの問題ではなく、現在のモルドヴァの国家の正統性に直結する政治問題でもある。非承認国家状態が続くトランスニストリアは、よく言われている通り、最も訪問しやすい非承認国家である。入域は、日帰りならばパスポートの簡単なチェックのみで可能である。同住民の歴史認識については、これまで研究蓄積がほとんどない状態である。1990年代初頭のトランスニストリア紛争について、歴史博物館における犠牲者認識の表象、自由と解放を求める「人間の鎖」という普遍的な表象は特筆に値する。「インターナショナル」の捉え方についても、独自なものがありより考察を深める必要があることが確認された。②分担者による現地調査（9月5日～10月3日）：（概要）カタルーニャの独立運動の状況、集合的アイデンティティの史的形成等についてインタビュー調査や文献調査を実施。（２）地域紛争研究会への参加（同志社大学、2019年12月21日）：共同研究者の奥野良知がカタルーニャの事例について報告し、旧ユーゴスラヴィアなどの事例との比較を行った。2019年度前半から中盤にかけては、研究計画通りに、メンバー全員での現地調査（合同調査は今年度はモルドヴァ）と国内の他の関連研究会での報告を実施することができた。現地調査では、資料収集やインタビューもおおむね順調に進んだ。しかしながら、2020年3月に開催が予定されていたESSHC（ヨーロッパ社会科学史会議、於オランダ・ライデン）が、新型コロナウィルス感染症拡大の影響で1年延期となり、予定していた報告を行うことができなかった。最終年度にあたる2020年度は、研究分担者と研究協力者合同のカタルーニャ現地調査と現地における知見の共有を予定している。しかしながら、当初は、2020年9月に予定していたこの現地調査は、新型コロナウィルス感染症拡大の影響でほぼ実施が不可能となっているため、日程を遅らせるのか、あるいは現地調査は行わず、遠隔会議システムなどを利用した意見交換等の場を設けるのかについて、研究分担者と相談しつつ決定する予定である。また、延期になっている、ESSHC（国際会議）については、変更後の予定通り2021年3月に開催されれば、成果発信の機会としたいが、現時点では不明である

2019年度は「重国籍に関する意識調査」の結果をまとめ、学会報告やプレスリリースなどを行い、研究成果を社会的に還元した。特にプレスリリースでは新聞などに取り上げられ、重国籍を認める制度の必要性を議論するための土台作りになった。またその結果は現在係争中の裁判にも参照されることとなった。学会報告では、重国籍に関するはじめての調査ということもあり、反響があった。特に国籍取得に関する出生地主義への寛容度が高いことが注目すべき点であった。研究会などは学会報告、プレスリリースのための打ち合わせが中心であった。研究会は３回行った。研究会の内容はそれぞれのテーマに関するもの、学会準備、報告書を作成するための内容確認などのためを行った。最終的に2020年の２月～３月は新型コロナウィルスの影響で、研究会は行わなったかが、成果は充分得られたといえる。2019年度は最終年度であったため、全体をまとめる報告書『重国籍制度および重国籍者に関する学際的研究』を作成したことが具体的な成果といえる。執筆者は研究分担者、協力者を含め14名。「日本の重国籍をめぐる社会状況」「重国籍をめぐる法制度とその運用」「重国籍をめぐる世界的な動向」について、分担者がそれぞれ執筆した。内容としては日本やその他の国の状況を網羅し、比較することができた点が特徴的である。この問題は、当該社会の歴史的文脈照らすことで、制度の正当性や意味付けが変わることが、明確になった。なお本報告書の内容は、今後出版することを予定している。令和元年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。令和元年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない

This study reexamined modern European Republicanism through an international comparison of the conception of the "Republic with King". As a result, this research clarified the diverse existences and evolutions of the Jacobins' ideas and movements of the "Republic with King" in Hungary, Germany, Poland, Sweden and Austria. Furthermore, it located the origin of such ideas of "Republic with King" in these regions in the early-modern reinterpretation of the ancient Roman Republic by the political humanists in the sixteenth century. Thus, this study proved that this constitutional concept worked as a guiding principle to justify the enlightened absolute monarchy in these areas. In this way, this principle was widely expanded in Central and Eastern Europe in the 1790s.

In emerging democracies (Central Eastern Europe, Latin America and East Asia) following the global financial crisis, which is referred to as the post-neoliberal period, the reaction to the conventional neoliberal economic policies occurred, and in some countries this led to so-called populist politics. However, the economic policies of individual countries have not necessarily converged in a certain direction. Some countries have continued to adopt neoliberal policies, while others have switched from neoliberal policies. Thus, policy directions differ depending on the situations of each country.

The Holocaust in the regions that the Nazi occupied as a result of the German-Soviet War is featured by the following points. First, the massacres of Jews were carried out in the field, rather than by transferring them to concentration camps. Second, in the early period of the Nazi occupation, parts of the local population were involved in pogroms against Jews. However, Japanese scholars have hardly conducted any empirical studies on the Holocaust during the German-Soviet War.Our case studies on the Holocaust in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe during the German-Soviet War and investigation on the problem of memories after the War have revealed that especially in terms of local people’s collaboration with the Nazi, there were differences between the Holocaust in the Baltic countries and the eastern part of Poland and that in the Soviet Union, such as eastern Belarus

Recent historiography emphasizes the interactive process between the development of imperial ruling system and nation-building: an approach critical to traditional view on empires oppressing national societies. Based on this historiographical trend, our project understands empire as a space where various groups of populace characterized by religion, class, gender, region, language and culture etc. are negotiating, competing and conflicting each other and with imperial authority. The major contribution of the project is an concrete analysis of the dynamics of this process to make another political and cultural entities, or specifically national societies in the modern period. Especially the comparative study on this subject in Habsburg empire and the Western provinces of the Russian empire is worth mentioning. The project also analyzed construction of collective memories on empires after their destruction and total catastrophe of the 20th century in the European East

The aim of this project is to explore the non-territorial cultural autonomy in the Interwar Baltic states and to show the national policies in the Eastern Europe has been constructed in the historical context and likewise the evaluation on them has been also made in the historical context. In this way the essencialism over nationalism in Eastern Europe was critically reconsidered.By this research project it is claimed that the boundary between liberal and illiberal policies with regards to nations should be recomprehended

This issue of research is transboundary and boundary of reginal/national culture in Europe as social change in globalization.Field surveis in 3 years were Poland-kaliningrad-Ratovia, Rumania-Moldova, Spain-Morocco-Gibraltar.These field research became clear that each regionaly/nationaly political position intentionaly determined their cultures, made them differ from neighbour country, and chose their representations of european culture for economic, especially touristic, interst. In other part, border controle of EU is restriced year by year, it broght some inexpediency to pepole living in these area

On the historiography of Socialist Eastern Europe, basic information was investigated and presented, and individual themes were set and analyzed. Because historical journals are an important medium for considering the history research, we surveyed the history of historical journals of each region. In the individual theme, the members of the project examined the history of historical description, individual historians, and institutions that support and/or regulate historical studies

The members of the research project have developed the analysis of politicization of histories and memories of the WWII and Socialism in Central and Eastern European countries and Russian Federation, which have become more and more serious conflicts in and between these countries, on the grounds of fieldworks and the collection of materials in these countries.In the summer of 0214, we held an international workshop in Tallinn, Estonia, and an international conference in Kwansei Gakuin University in Japan, through which we discussed with foreign researchers and developed the comparative framework for history and memory conflicts between Eastern Asian experiences and Eastern European ones. The proceedings of Tallinn workshop is uploaded to the Repository at Kwansei Gakuin University.The members of the project have already some articles, books and a special issue of the journal , and are preparing other two books in this framework, inviting foreign contributors

This research focuses on the Russian refugees from the 1917 Russian revolution and Civil War, and Russian Jewish questions and anti-Semitism in Manchuria in interwar period. Particularly, we explore the anti-Semitism that spread to Japan during the period of the Siberian expedition, the development of Russian fascism in Manchuria under Japanese rule, and the expansion of Zionist movement in Siberia and Manchuria. This project also aims to clarify the role played by Japan and the Soviet Union in the Jewish refugees question on the eve of the Holocaust

Three nations/regions, each performing a reinterpretation of their culture while in the process of EU integration, were confirmed temporarily when they performed a different cultural practice because of different political circumstances and economic survival strategy. Cross-boundary spatial practices appear in the manner of conforming to EU standards, applying for registration as a world heritage and/or sightseeing spot, or standardizing the results and forms of migration and the market economy. The cultural practice of creating collective bonds to integrate a territory causes differences in cultural representation due to the strength or weakness of the neighboring country's power, the population scale, the main industry, the stability of the political system, the area's history including occupation and liberation experiences, and the affinity with the EU system

Our research project focused on dynamism of constructing nation and nationalism in regions of former Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth (western provinces of Russian Empire and western Soviet republics, Habsburg Monarchy and the Baltic region. Multidimensional functions and construction of nation is here analyzed in a given political society in each period from the early modern times up to the 20th century.Early modern "nation" is constructed in manifold political andculturalcontext, related to various values such as political-dynastic, imperial, humanistic-intellectual, confessional, local, municipal, linguistic,of estates, guilds and other corporations, etc. The understanding of nation is not converged to a single political society. Modern nation claims holistic contextualization of vairous negotiations in a political society. The project reveals this process in European borderlands by empirical case studies and comparative method

Through the study on the circulating processes of the historical knowledge in the Baltic states, especially in the post-socialistic era, I would argue that in the contemporary society, the various “memory devices” make historical memory fluid rather than conflicting. In this sense the so-called official national history does not coinside with the social memories. Besides the border between those who share the social memory and those do not is changeable

The formation of national intellectuals and the development of university network in the regions under the rule of Russian Empire, where non-Russian national/ethnic groups composed the majority, were analyzed on the cases of the grand duchy of Finland(Finns and Swedes), Baltic provinces(Estonians and Latvians), western provinces(Poles and Lithuanians), Caucasia(Georgians and others), and Volga-Ural region(Tatars). Besides it, activities of non-Russian professors and students of higher schools in Saint-Petersburg were discussed on the ground of archival materials

Based on a new framework of Eurasian Jewish history, we made the research on Jewish Diaspora and refugee/DP questions before and after Holocaust with focus on the Far East and Manchuria where Russia/Soviet Union and Japan had conflicting interests. The research was conducted mainly on archival sources located in Japan, Russia, Israel and the United States. Public lecture meetings and workshops were held in 2009 and 2011 by inviting foreign scholars

The aim of this research project is to pursue the Russian-speaking population problem (nationality, language policy, work, school education, their collective identity and so on ) in Estonia and Latvia not only from the contemporary domestic national perspective in these states but also from the historical and geopolitical perspective on this area and international viewpoints such as the influence of European international organizations.
1.We organized such field works every year in Estonia and Latvia as interviews with officials of both states, international organizations, local authorities, protest movement leaders of national minorities and so on, and the observation of schools for minorities.
2.Through these field works, we clarified the transformation of minority policy in both states to "integration" policy, the stratification among Russian-speaking population themselves and the change of character of the issue from "ethnic problem" to social probelem.
3.We organized the international conferences :
Intenational workshop, 《Perspective of the Integration Policies and Identity Politics in Estonia and Latvia》 (19^<th> October at National Museum of Ethnology in Osaka),
International conference 《Nation Building and Integration in the Transition States and the International Supports : The Experience in Estonia and Latvia》 (21^<st> October at Nagoya University)
International symposium 《Balticum : Russians in the Multicultural Space》 (31st October at Tokyo Technological Institute) The proceedings of these conferences were published by Hiroshima University in February, 2005.

We compared broadly defined language policies, including not onlygovernmental policies but also language movements on a popular level, between Europe, well developed regions of language policies and other regions, especially Asia, categorizing 3 types of languages : national and nationality languages, trade and imperial languages, and minority languages. What we have found is that governmental policies are important, but not decisive and that other factors like people's positive acceptance or encouragement are important

　本研究は、後スターリン期のエストニアの歴史家を取り上げ、同期の社会について実証的に明らかにしようとする試みである。近年、ソ連全体を見れば、エゴ・ドキュメントを利用した、後スターリン期の研究が多数発表されているが、エストニアをはじめとするバルト三国については、関心の方向性がやや異なっているため、他の旧ソ連諸国と比べ、この分野での研究蓄積は多くはない。それは、当然のことながら現時点でのソ連時代に関する認識の差に起因するが、エストニア社会の中を見ても、そうした認識の亀裂は存在している。そうした中で、本研究では、歴史家という、ある種の公共の歴史認識構築に一定以上の役割を果たすアクターに焦点を合わせている。それは、エストニアでは、ソ連時代の歴史叙述を等閑視する傾向があると考えるからである。後で述べるように、ソ連時代の歴史家も、共産党の歴史認識に常に唯々諾々と従っていたわけではない。　本特定課題の下では、以下を行った。〔資料調査・収集〕・現地にて、対象となる歴史家（ユリ・アント、オラフ・クーリ、トーマス・カリヤハルム、エア・ヤンセンら）の著作に関し、ソ連時代に出版されたものも含めて調査を行い、購入可能なものは購入した。・現地公文書館にて、対象となる歴史家に関する史料を閲覧した（具体的には、ユダヤ人歴史家で、両大戦間期に修士号を取得し、後に、いったんは更迭されるもエストニアのソ連史学ではエストニア共産党史の専門家として復権したアベ・リープマン）。〔研究打ち合わせ〕・現地にて、公文書館のタチアナ・ショール研究員と意見交換を行った。・現地にて、社会学部研究員のエネ・セラルトと意見交換を行った。〔国内での研究〕・本研究では、社会における歴史認識の構築過程ならびにその共有範囲も関心の対象になっている。そのため、これまでに収集済みの歴史小説や回想録等について整理を行った。〔成果〕　本特定課題では、研究をさらに進めるための予備的な結論をもって、成果としたい。その予備的な結論は次の通りである、すなわち、ソ連全体を見れば、スターリン期と比較して後スターリン期は社会に対する規制が緩和された、換言すれば規律が緩んだ時代であったとされる。エストニアにおいてもそうした特徴は見られるが、歴史教育、歴史叙述に関しては、むしろ画一化、統合の中により深く組み込まれた可能性がある。そうした中でも、歴史家は、場やテーマによって対応を変えることによって抗い、必ずしも共産党の歴史観に従った叙述のみを行っていたわけではない。