Updated on 2023/09/25

写真a

 
MISHIMA, Hiroyuki
 
Affiliation
Faculty of Human Sciences, School of Human Sciences
Job title
Professor
Degree
博士(人間科学)

Research Experience

  • 2017.04
    -
    Now

    Waseda University   Faculty of Human Sciences   Professor

  • 2007.04
    -
    2017.03

    Waseda University   Faculty of Human Sciences   Associate Professor

  • 1999.04
    -
    2007.03

    Fukui University   Faculty of Education and Regional Studies   Associate Professor

  • 1998.04
    -
    1999.03

    Fukui University   Faculty of Education   Associate Professor

  • 1996.04
    -
    1998.03

    Waseda University   School of Human Sciences   Research Associate

  • 1994.04
    -
    1996.03

    JSPS   Research Fellow

▼display all

Committee Memberships

  • 2017.04
    -
    Now

    日本生態心理学会  代表

  • 2000.08
    -
    Now

    日本生態心理学会  理事

Professional Memberships

  •  
     
     

    THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY

  •  
     
     

    JAPANESE COGNITIVE SCIENCE SOCIETY

  •  
     
     

    THE JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION

  •  
     
     

    The Japanese Society for Ecological Psychology

  •  
     
     

    International Society for Ecological Psychology

Research Areas

  • Cognitive science   生態心理学 / Experimental psychology

Research Interests

  • 間隙通過

  • perceptual control of intentional action

  • driving behavior

  • affordance

  • optic flow

  • micro slip

  • rehabilitation

  • dexterity

  • ecological psychology

  • coordination

  • dynamic touch

▼display all

 

Papers

  • Involvement of global coordinative structure in achieving the local pendulum swinging task

    Yusuke Yagai, Akito Miura, Hiroyuki Mishima, Nobuhiro Furuyama

    PLOS ONE   17 ( 2 ) e0262525 - e0262525  2022.02  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    In the literature on inter-limb coordination, the coordination among ‘‘focal’’ body parts (i.e., the two limbs) directly engaged in a pendulum swinging task has been studied by immobilizing other body parts to reduce “noise,” while putting aside questions of how one maintains posture while performing the task. However, in practical performance of musical instruments, for example, performers must coordinate different body parts in sync with the music while maintaining the whole body’s balance. This study demonstrates the effectiveness and necessity of understanding inter-limb coordination in whole-body coordination. Participants were asked to move two pendulums either in sync or alternatively with metronome beeps under two conditions: immobile (fixed forearms) and mobile (forearms not fixed). The explorative analyses focused on whether and how coordinative structures emerged and whether the degree of task achievement differed according to the phase mode, frequency, and mobility conditions. The motion similarity and phase difference between different parts and the pendulums showed that task-specific coordinative structures emerged in both immobile and mobile conditions. In the in-phase mobile condition, the emergent coordinative structure may have improved task achievement, shown by the phase difference between the left and right pendulums. These findings suggest that the global coordinative structure is involved in achieving the local pendulum swinging task.

    DOI

    Scopus

  • Passing through gaps: A research review on aperture passability studies from 1987 to 2019

      27 ( 3 ) 386 - 399  2020.09  [Refereed]

    Authorship:Last author

  • Effection Time Series of Optical Flow around Drivers View and Subjective Velocity of Drivers

    Ito Tasuku, Shimazaki Kan, Fujii Ai, Kato Macky, Mishima Hiroyuki, Furuyama Nobuhiro, Ishida Toshiro

    Human Factors in Japan   24 ( 2 ) 58 - 64  2020  [Refereed]

    DOI CiNii

  • けん玉の膝の運動はなぜ重要なのか

    伊藤 万利子, 三嶋 博之

    バイオメカニズム学会誌   44 ( 4 ) 223 - 228  2020

    Authorship:Last author

  • How Does a Walker Pass Between Two People Standing in Different Configurations? Influence of Personal Space on Aperture Passing Methods

    Tomono, T, Makino, R, Furuyama, N, Mishima, H

    Frontiers in Psychology   10   2651  2019.12  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    Most studies on aperture passability focus on aperture passing involving non-human physical objects. In this study, we examined experimentally how participants pass between two box-shaped frames and between the same frames, each with a human confederate in it, facing various directions. Seven configuration conditions were set up, six of which differed in terms of the human confederates’ sets of directions in the two frames: face-to-face, back-to-back, facing toward or away from the participants, facing leftward or rightward from the participants’ perspective, and the empty frames condition without human confederates. There were seven aperture-width conditions—50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, and 80 cm—and participants walked at their normal speed through the apertures. We found that the participants’ shoulder rotation angle in the face-to-face condition was significantly greater than that in the empty frames condition. Further, the participants preferred to rotate their shoulders counterclockwise when our confederates in the aperture faced leftward, and clockwise, when they faced rightward. These results suggest that people change their passing-through methods by considering the social nature of the aperture as well as its width.

    DOI

    Scopus

    1
    Citation
    (Scopus)
  • Postural Control in Drum Set Playing: A Comparative Study of Tapping Data and Center-of-Pressure Data between Experts and Novices

    Yagai, Y, Furuyama, N, Mishima, H

    Cognitive Studies   26 ( 2 ) 197 - 218  2019.06  [Refereed]

  • Optical Information to Guide the Head and Handle Movements While Playing Kendama

    Mariko Ito, Hiroyuki Mishima

    Ecological Psychology   30 ( 3 ) 250 - 277  2018.07  [Refereed]

    Authorship:Last author

     View Summary

    This study focuses on the perceptual skills used when playing kendama, a toy with a ball, string, and handle. It examines the visual information required for guiding the head and handle movements during the “swing-in” catching maneuver and determines whether information-based strategies such as canceling the rate of change of α (the optical depression angle from the horizon) or cot α (optical acceleration), using tau coupling, or a combination thereof, could be applied to this empirical task. The regressions of both α and cot α with time are found to be highly linear and increase when the skill level increases. For expert players, the k values for the tau coupling based on the center of the ball are clearly lower than those for the tau coupling based on the hole in the ball compared with skilled players. These results suggest that, with increasing skill level, kendama players tend to utilize α or cot α for regulating the observation point and use the sight of the hole as the tau coupling information for controlling the handle.

    DOI

    Scopus

  • How do People Judge Whether They can Pass Through Between Two Persons?: A New Horizon of Research on Affordance Perception of Passability

    Tomono, T, Furuyama, N, Mishima, H

    Cognitive Studies   24 ( 3 ) 435 - 449  2017.09  [Refereed]

    DOI

  • アフォーダンス理論と交通

    三嶋博之

    IATSS Review   40 ( 3 ) 164 - 169  2016.11  [Invited]

    CiNii

  • Symposium on the Perceptual Basis of Aperture Passability Judgment

    Nobuhiro Furuyama, Hiroyuki Mishima, Shin Maruyama, Tetsushi Nonaka

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY   51   1010 - 1011  2016.07

  • Role of Head Movement in Tau Coupling of Ball-and-Handle Coordination in Kendama

    Mariko Ito, Hiroyuki Mishima, Masato Sasaki

    STUDIES IN PERCEPTION AND ACTION XII     9 - 13  2016  [Refereed]

  • けん玉熟練者における視覚情報の探索過程

    伊藤万利子, 三嶋博之, 佐々木正人

    認知科学   21 ( 3 ) 325 - 343  2014.09  [Refereed]

    DOI

  • An Ecological Perspective on the Coordination between a Vehicle and a Driver

    MISHIMA Hiroyuki

      66 ( 12 ) 31 - 35  2012.12  [Invited]

    CiNii

  • 視覚と体性感覚の協調を計測する試み ―異なる環境・条件における姿勢制御の観点から―

    高田 勇, 冨田 昌夫, 三嶋 博之, 古山 宣洋, 藤野 宏紀, 宮下 大典, 八木 崇行, 遠松 哲志, 野口 健人

    東海北陸理学療法学術大会誌   28   146 - 146  2012

     View Summary

    【目的】 ヒトは、発達段階で視覚と体性感覚の知覚システムを同時に動員し能動的に動くことでそれらの協調を学習し、様々な環境に対して適応可能になる。今回我々は、自分の身体と支持面を見ながら能動的に動く動作が、視覚と体性感覚の協調に与える影響を姿勢制御の観点から検討した。<br>【方法】 対象は、藤田保健衛生大学倫理審査委員会の承認(10-204)の下、同意を得た健常男性40名(平均年齢22.4±2.3歳)を10名ずつ揺すり、背臥位、腹臥位、腹臥位視覚遮断(腹臥位と同一の対象)、筋トレの5群に分類。重心動揺計(サンプリング周波数10Hz)を用いて、a;視覚情報統制条件とb;鉛直情報呈示条件で30秒間の静止立位時の、c;上肢水平挙上、d;点へのリーチ、e;面へのリーチ条件で15秒間のリーチ姿勢保持時の、単位面積軌跡長(以下、L/A)を計測。各群における治療前後での変化の平均値を算出した。<br>【結果】 各条件におけるL/A(/㎜)の治療前後での変化の平均値を群ごとに示す。<br>揺すり群:a;0.07, b;0.26, c;-0.11, d;-0.01, e;0.22<br>背臥位群:a;-0.07, b;0.11, c;-0.10, d;0.18, e;0.33<br>腹臥位群:a;0.27, b;0.29, c;0.57, d;0.16, e;-0.21<br>腹臥位視覚遮断群:a;-0.06, b;0.16, c;-0.11, d;0.20, e;0.82<br>筋トレ群:a;-0.05, b;0.06, c;-0.49, d;-0.37, e;-0.56<br>【考察】 L/Aは動的、静的な姿勢制御を識別し、その程度を示す微細さの指標となる。L/Aが増加する場合、運動の拡がりに拮抗する筋活動で制御するCA(カウンターアクティビティ)の戦略が優位に、L/Aが減少する場合、支点に対して反対側の重りで釣り合いをとり静的に制御するCW(カウンターウェイト)を活性化する戦略が優位になると考えている。ここで静止立位課題について、bでは全群でCA優位となり、視覚的構造物が空間的定位の指標になったと考えられる。その内、揺すり、腹臥位群はa, bともに、すなわち視覚情報量の大小に関わらずCA優位であり、1つの知覚システムが優位に作用することなく視覚や体性感覚といった複数の知覚システムが協調したためと推察される。一方、背臥位、腹臥位視覚遮断、筋トレ群ではaでCWの活性化が優位となり、視覚情報量の差でバランス戦略が異なるため、視覚と体性感覚が乖離したと考えられる。次にリーチ姿勢保持に関して、cは腹臥位群のみ、dは背臥位、腹臥位、腹臥位視覚遮断群、eは揺すり、背臥位、腹臥位視覚遮断群でCA優位となった。腹臥位群に着目すると、身体の質量バランスが不均衡となり体性感覚への負荷が高まるcと、視覚と体性感覚に対する拘束力が強まるdでCA優位となり、体性感覚だけでなく視覚と協調しながら柔軟な姿勢制御が可能であったと考えられる。また漠然とした注意の中、広い面に触れていれば良いという体性感覚が強く作用するeでは、体性感覚の反応に視覚の反応を沿わせたためCWの活性化が優位になったと考える。<br>【まとめ】 腹臥位群のように絶えず身体と支持面の変化を見ながら能動的に動く動作により、各々の環境・条件での姿勢制御が視覚と体性感覚に対する情報量に、よりダイナミックな適応を示した。視覚と体性感覚の協調を図る運動療法の新たな展開が期待できる。

    DOI CiNii

  • The Dynamical Stability of Visual Coupling and Knee Flexibility in Skilled Kendama Players

    Mariko Ito, Hiroyuki Mishima, Masato Sasaki

    ECOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY   23 ( 4 ) 308 - 332  2011  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    We examined the role of postural control in a skilled task that requires perceptual-motor coordination, the kendama trick "Swing-in," which uses a moving ball on a string. Four expert and 4 novice players participated, each performing 200 trials of Swing-in. The head and knee movements of the experts were more extensive than those of the novices, and the movements of the head and the ball, as well as the knee and the ball, maintained the same patterns longer in the experts than in the novices. At the end of each trial, distances between the head and the ball in the expert group were more consistent than those in the novice group, but the 2 skill groups showed similar variability in distance between the knee and the ball. These findings suggest that kendama experts controlled their body movement to dynamically coordinate them with the moving ball, and the stability of the strong coupling of the head and the ball in the experts seemed to be supported by the flexibility of knee movement.

    DOI

    Scopus

    2
    Citation
    (Scopus)
  • 知覚と行為の循環的プロセスと拡張身体性 (特集 空間知--私たちの生活を支える脳・身体の拡張空間の創出)

    久保田 直行, 三嶋 博之

    計測と制御   48 ( 12 ) 864 - 870  2009.12

    CiNii J-GLOBAL

  • 知覚と行為の循環的プロセスと拡張身体性

    久保田直行, 三嶋博之

    計測と制御   48 ( 12 ) 864 - 870  2009

  • アフォーダンスとは何か:その基本的な考え方と意義

    三嶋博之

    看護研究   41 ( 7 ) 511 - 518  2008.12  [Invited]

    DOI

  • Minimal Design Strategies for Human-Robot Communication

    OKADA Michio, MATSUMOTO Nobuyoshi, SHIOSE Takayuki, FUJII Hiroyuki, LEE Mingyi, MISHIMA Hiroyuki

    Human interface   7 ( 2 ) 189 - 197  2005.05  [Refereed]

    CiNii

  • 成人片麻痺者における間隙通過可能性についての知覚と歩行の発達:"実効π"を利用した評価

    豊田 平介, 三嶋 博之, 古山 宣洋

    生態心理学研究   2 ( 1 ) 33 - 41  2005

    CiNii

  • Play and their Equipments as Interfaces

    KAWAKAMI Hiroshi, MISHIMA Hiroyuki, SHIOSE Takayuki, OKADA Michio

    Human interface   6 ( 4 ) 351 - 360  2004.11  [Refereed]

    CiNii

  • Intentional coordination of breathing and limb movement from the perspective of the dynamical systems approach

    TAKASE Hiroki, MISHIMA Hiroyuki, HARUKI Yutaka

    NINCHISHINRIGAKUKENKYU   1 ( 1 ) 63 - 73  2004.05  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    We frequently observe occasions when breathing is intentionally controlled to match to concurrent body movement. This study reports on two experiments conducted to examine the stability and variability in the coordination of breathing with wrist-movements, with an inverted pendulum held in the hand. In Experiment 1, two modes of stable coordination of breathing and wrist-movement were identified: (1) the wrist was radially-flexed during inspiration and ulnarly-flexed during expiration; and (2) the wrist was ulnarly-flexed during inspiration and radially-flexed during expiration. In Experiment 2, subjects coordinated breathing and wrist-movements as three factors (phase mode, oscillatory frequency of breathing/wrist-movements, the eigen frequency of the pendulum) were manipulated. The results indicated that the coordination of breathing and wrist-movement exhibits patterns predicted by HKB-equation (e.g., phase transitions from the intended phase mode to the unintended mode). We suggest that breathing and wrist-movement together constitute a self-organizing system and that they are governed not only by the central nervous system but are also constrained by dynamical principles.

    DOI CiNii

  • ギブソン生態心理学のアイディア:刺激から情報へ

    人工知能学会誌

    人工知能学会誌   18 ( 2 ) 163 - 169  2003.03  [Invited]

    CiNii

  • Interpersonal coordination between breathing and limb movements

    Hiroki Takase, Nobuhiro Furuyama, Hiroyuki Mishima, Yutaka Haruki

    Shinrigaku Kenkyu   74 ( 1 ) 36 - 44  2003

     View Summary

    This study examined the stability and variability of interpersonal coordination, in which one person breathed while the other moved a wrist back and forth with an inverted pendulum in hand. Nine pairs of subjects coordinated each other's movement in two relative phase modes. In one mode, Radial flexion-Inspiration and Ulnar flexion-Expiration (RIUE), one subject radially flexed the wrist as the other inhaled and ulnarly flexed it as the other exhaled. In the other, Ulnar flexion-Inspiration and Radial flexion-Expiration (UIRE) mode, the wrist was ! ulnarly flexed at inhalation, and radially flexed at exhalation. Results were as follows: (1) The two were more highly coordinated in RIUE mode than UIRE mode as the frequency of oscillation increased. (2) Phase transitions were observed from URIE to RIUE mode, as the frequency of oscillation increased. And (3) the more different in preferred frequency the pendulum and breathing movements were, the more deviated from the intended relative phase the coordination became. These results suggest that interpersonal coordination of breathing and wrist-pendulum movement is qualitatively equivalent to intra personal coordination between them.

    DOI PubMed CiNii

    Scopus

    1
    Citation
    (Scopus)
  • 見えないものがミエルことの生態光学 : 光環境におけるアフォーダンス知覚(II 人間と光環境,<特集>光環境-科学と設計の接点を探る)

    三嶋 博之

    建築雑誌   117 ( 1497 ) 14 - 15  2002.12

    CiNii

  • Basics of J.J. Gibson's Perceptual Theory : Information, Specificity, Invariants, Affordances(<Special Issue>Dynamic Understanding of Human Intelligence)

    MISHIMA Hiroyuki

    Systems, control and information   46 ( 1 ) 35 - 40  2002.01

    DOI CiNii

  • Invariants as a Basic Unit of Analysis for Ecological Approach to Perception and Action

    MISHIMA Hiroyuki

    Journal of Japan Society for Fuzzy Theory and Systems   13 ( 2 ) 11 - 17  2001.04

    DOI CiNii

  • アフォーダンスの知覚と運動--ダイナミカルシステムとしての身体と,その知覚制御についての生態学的アプローチ (特集 運動と複雑系・カオス)

    三嶋 博之

    体育の科学   51 ( 3 ) 186 - 189  2001.03

    CiNii

  • A note for robotics : From the ecological psychological point of view

    MISHIMA Hiroyuki

      10   65 - 66  2000.10

    CiNii

  • 行為の淀みと発達 : アフォーダンスの制約

    佐々木 正人, 鈴木 健太郎, 三嶋 博之, 篠原 香織, 半谷 実香

    BME : bio medical engineering   12 ( 7 ) 57 - 68  1998.07

    DOI CiNii

  • Affordances and Variability of Actions : Environment, Actions and Microslips

    SUZUKI Kentaro, MISHIMA Hiroyuki, SASAKI Masato

    Journal of Japan Society for Fuzzy Theory and Systems   9 ( 6 ) 826 - 837  1997.12

    DOI CiNii

  • Special Issue on Information Processing and Motor Control in Biological Systems. Introduction to the Ecological Approach to Motor Control.

    SASAKI Masato, MISHIMA Hiroyuki

    Journal of The Society of Instrument and Control Engineers   33 ( 4 ) 282 - 288  1994.04  [Invited]

    DOI CiNii

  • Perceiving affordances for switching two actions, "stepping-over" and "passing-under".

    Mishima Hiroyuki

    The Japanese journal of psychology   64 ( 6 ) p469 - 475  1994.02

     View Summary

    J. J. Gibson (1979/1986) proposed that animals perceive 'affordances', which are the functional utilities based on the properties of both the animals and the environment. If this is the case, animals should make judgements about what to do referring to the capability of their own action system. In this study, I examined a perceptual boundary between "stepping-over" and "passing-under" for two groups-the tall group and the short group. Subjects were individually requested to judge whether they would "stepover" or "passunder" a bar presented in front of them which was varied in height. I found that the mean bar-height to leg-length (B/L) ratio at the perceptual action-switching-point is invariant, or 1.07, for each group. This result suggests that animals perceive affordances in controlling action, which means that the environment for animals is structured as to various levels of action.

    DOI CiNii

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Books and Other Publications

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Misc

  • 間隙をつくる障害物の“人らしさ”は, 通り抜け行為に影響を与えるか? -間隙の通過可否判断研究からの一考察-

    友野 貴之, 古山 宣洋, 三嶋 博之

    日本認知科学会第34回大会発表論文集     243 - 249  2017.09  [Refereed]

  • Posture and Perceptual Information : Application of Recurrence Quantification Analysis

    MISHIMA Hiroyuki, FURUYAMA Nobuhiro

      2006 ( 1 ) 21 - 25  2006.12

    CiNii

  • 座談会 拡張するアフォーダンス

    佐々木 正人, 本多 啓, 三嶋 博之

    UP   34 ( 8 ) 1 - 12  2005.08

    CiNii

  • 特集討論 二元論への挑戦--人類学と心理学の新しいアプローチ (特集 二元論への挑戦)

    菅原 和孝, 三嶋 博之, 古山 宣洋

    文化人類学研究   3   101 - 119  2002

    CiNii

  • F18-(1) 知覚と行為への生態学的アプローチ(知能ロボット 知覚・身体性・行動)(ロボティクス・メカトロニクス部門企画)

    三嶋 博之

    年次大会講演資料集   1 ( 1 ) 263 - 264  2001.08

    DOI CiNii

  • F-1217 Perceiving-action cycle and emotion for human-friendly robot

    MIYAWAKI Shunsuke, KUBOTA Naoyuki, MISHIMA Hiroyuki

    The proceedings of the JSME annual meeting   1 ( 1 ) 277 - 278  2001.08

     View Summary

    This paper discusses the emotion of human-friendly robot from the viewpoint of perceiving-acting cycle. We aim that a robot behaves as if it had heart and emotion by taking behaviors based on the perceiving-acting cycle. In this paper, we focus on the internal model of the robot, and discuss the relation between perceiving and action. We apply a modular neural network to realize the behaviors based on the concept of the perceiving-acting cycle. This paper shows

    DOI CiNii

  • 身体化された心に(embodied mind)と言葉をつなぐもの

    三嶋 博之, 加藤 義信, 月本 洋, 岩男 征樹, 小島 康次

    日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集   43 ( 43 ) S70 - S71  2001.07

    DOI CiNii

  • 身体性とコンピュータ

    岡田 美智男, 佐々木 正人, 三嶋 博之

    Bit   32 ( 0 ) 1 - 420,巻頭1〜8  2000.08

    CiNii

  • 建築とアフォーダンス--生態学的建築論は可能か (特集 アフォーダンス入門--身体/環境/インターフェイス)

    後藤 武, 妹島 和世, 三嶋 博之

    武蔵野美術   ( 116 ) 63 - 73  2000.05

    CiNii

  • 探索する身体、知覚-行為の経験としての移動 (特集 移動の記述法)

    三嶋 博之

    談   ( 63 ) 103 - 129  2000.03

    CiNii

  • 物は感受する--生態物理学と生態心理学の対話 (特集 感覚の論理)

    松野 孝一郎, 三嶋 博之

    現代思想   27 ( 10 ) 194 - 212  1999.09

    CiNii

  • 知覚-行為循環--有機体と環境、情報と力を接続する場としての (特集 システム論--内部観測とオートポイエーシス)

    三嶋 博之

    現代思想   27 ( 4 ) 238 - 245  1999.04

    CiNii

  • アフォ-ダンス:「制御」から「接触」へ (特集 アフォ-ダンスの視座--複雑系の生態学)

    三嶋 博之

    現代思想   25 ( 2 ) 198 - 207  1997.02

    CiNii

  • 鼎談 複雑系・アフォ-ダンス・内部観測--生態を「見る」 (特集 アフォ-ダンスの視座--複雑系の生態学)

    佐々木 正人, 松野 孝一郎, 三嶋 博之

    現代思想   25 ( 2 ) 58 - 96  1997.02

    CiNii

  • 認識エンジンとしての知覚-行為循環 (アフォ-ダンス--反デカルトの地平<特集>)

    三嶋 博之

    現代思想   22 ( 13 ) p334 - 343  1994.11

    CiNii

  • 視覚システム (アフォ-ダンス--反デカルトの地平<特集>)

    Gibson James J, 三嶋 博之, 古山 宣洋

    現代思想   22 ( 13 ) p86 - 119  1994.11

    CiNii

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Syllabus

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Sub-affiliation

  • Faculty of Science and Engineering   Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering

  • Affiliated organization   Global Education Center

  • Faculty of Human Sciences   Graduate School of Human Sciences

  • Faculty of Social Sciences   Graduate School of Social Sciences

  • Faculty of Science and Engineering   School of Advanced Science and Engineering

Research Institute

  • 2022
    -
    2024

    Waseda Center for a Carbon Neutral Society   Concurrent Researcher

Internal Special Research Projects

  • 間隙通過の可否判断で利用される生態学的な視覚情報に関する研究

    2018   古山宣洋

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     人が間隙を通過する際に利用する光学情報の種類が、移動時の経路制御の困難さ/容易さに及ぼす影響について検討するための予備的な検討を、主として計算機上での数値シミュレーションによって実施した。数値シミュレーションにおいては、間隙への接近にともなって変化する視覚情報のうち、行為者が利用する可能性のある複数の変数(視角およびその関連量)を選択し、想定される複数の侵入経路での変動について検討した。また、実環境における検証実験を実施するための実験機材について試作・試運転を行い、その仕様について検討・確定した。本助成で準備された成果に基づき、新規採択された基盤研究(C)(課題番号: 19K03373)にて研究を継続する。

  • 能動触による弾性体の触知覚

    1997  

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    [手続き] つり下げられた弾性体(ひも。ケプラー製)の長さの知覚とその際に行われる能動的な探索運動との関係を明らかにするために以下の実験を行った。 金属製の支柱からつり下げられた4種類の長さのひも(0.6 m、0.8 m、1.0m、1.2m)を、その下端を手で持ち下方に引いてひもを振動させることで非視覚的に被験者(8名)にひもの長さを特定させた。ひもの上端には張力センサーを取り付け、ひもに力を加えられた時間を測定した。それらのデータをA/D変換器経由でコンピュータに取り込み、「ひも-手」系のダイナミクスを解析、特定した。[結果] 分析の結果、手で引かれた後に減衰するひものダイナミクスは以下の式で表されると考えられる。  It = a log e X + b (1) (Itはひもを引く個々の動作の間隔、Xはひもの長さ、aとbは定数) 8名のうち5名の被験者で、ひものダイナミクスに同調した運動(式(1)に良く当てはまる運動)を行った。つまり、短いひもでは短い時間間隔でひもに打撃を加え、長いひもでは短いひもよりも長い減衰までの時間を待って次の打撃を与えており、それがlogの関係にあった。また、これらの5名の被験者は、ひもの長さ(ひも上端の固定点までの距離)の知覚における成績もすぐれていた。一方、ひものダイナミクスに同調した運動を行わなかった3人の被験者では、ひもの長さの知覚における成績が他の5人と比較して良くなかった。[まとめ] (i)対象を知覚するための探索運動は、対象のダイナミクス(より正確に言えば、対象とそれに対して運動を仕掛ける知覚者の身体の構成するシステムのダイナミクス)によって制約されており、知覚者の探索運動は実際にそのダイナミクスに同調することができる (ii)対象(と身体)のダイナミクスに対して探索運動が同調できなければ、対象の知覚が困難である。研究成果の発表(予定も含む)三嶋博之。 (Sep. 17、 1997). 能動的触活動によるひもの長さの知覚(2)。ポスター発表、 日本心理学会第61回大会、 関西学院大学。