This study based on the concept of "record", clarified the effect relationship of media and Chinese traditional drama in the 20th century, and it is conducted using both documents (such as stage review that was published in the newspaper or magazine) and images. In order to advance this study, we investigated the various literatures in the library of Japan, China and Taiwan. And the purpose of this study is makes up for deficiencies of Republic of China of traditional theater history by finding the various "records" that had been buried

This study is about traditional theatres in modern China which mainly focus on the shadow plays of Eastern Hebei province, Peking Opera and Stand-up comedy in Northern China; the shadow plays of South Anhui province and Xuanjuan in Southern China. In this study, we have clarified the structure of Chinese traditional theatre by analyzing its formation, development and its connections between urban and rural areas. We also have analyzed the social and economic background that these traditional theatres were born and their local characters. And a digital archive concerned the study above was made and published on the website

平成25年度は、各人がテーマとして設定している項目について、前年度より踏み込んだ内容で研究を行った。
まず、2013年5月17日－19日に中国北京において、中国戯曲学院主催で開催された国際シンポジウム「梅蘭芳与京劇的伝播 第五届京劇学国際学術研討会」に書面ないしは口頭発表で参加し、民国期京劇の多様な背景について各人の研究対象を踏まえた考察を行った。以下、研究代表者・藤野真子は「民国時期的“麒派文化”」において、上海京劇の名優・麒麟童の演技的風格が上海地域演劇界全体に与えた影響を、研究分担者・平林宣和は「1919年梅蘭芳訪日演出的“始”与“末”－古装新戯《天女散花》与大倉喜八郎」において来日公演を行った梅蘭芳の名劇と受け入れ側日本文化人との関わりを、研究分担者・田村容子は「一九一五年北京的坤劇与劇評家辻聴花」において北京の京劇女優に対する日本人劇評家の批評スタンスを、研究分担者・三須祐介は「申曲與京劇的影響関係」において上海地区地方劇の申曲と京劇との内容的相互交流について、各々独自の視点を以て論じた。
また、2014年1月11日－13日に同じく中国北京において、北京大学中国言語文学系・中国文芸研究会共催で開催された「聚散離合的文学時代（1937-1952）学術研討会・新生代二十世紀中国文学研究工作坊」において、藤野が「越劇老生的形象」で越劇の老生にみられる京劇の影響について、田村が「二十世紀京劇的記憶与紀録」で画像や絵画を中心としたビジュアル記録と京劇との関連について論じた。
その他、上記発表を踏まえた単著論文として、藤野「越劇の老生――民国期の状況と発展の可能性」、平林「古装新戯の誕生―『嫦娥奔月』初演の文脈と古装の由来」を発表した。

This study based on the concept of "record", clarified the effect relationship of media and Chinese traditional drama in the 20th century, and it is conducted using both documents (such as stage review that was published in the newspaper or magazine) and images. In order to advance this study, we investigated the various literatures in the library of Japan, China and Taiwan. And the purpose of this study is makes up for deficiencies of Republic of China of traditional theater history by finding the various "records" that had been buried

This study is about traditional theatres in modern China which mainly focus on the shadow plays of Eastern Hebei province, Peking Opera and Stand-up comedy in Northern China; the shadow plays of South Anhui province and Xuanjuan in Southern China. In this study, we have clarified the structure of Chinese traditional theatre by analyzing its formation, development and its connections between urban and rural areas. We also have analyzed the social and economic background that these traditional theatres were born and their local characters. And a digital archive concerned the study above was made and published on the website.

This study is about traditional theatres in modern China which mainly focus on the shadow plays of Eastern Hebei province, Peking Opera and Stand-up comedy in Northern China; the shadow plays of South Anhui province and Xuanjuan in Southern China. In this study, we have clarified the structure of Chinese traditional theatre by analyzing its formation, development and its connections between urban and rural areas. We also have analyzed the social and economic background that these traditional theatres were born and their local characters. And a digital archive concerned the study above was made and published on the website.

In this project, we have researched traditional performing arts (from Qing dynasty to present) in northern China for three years.
Concerning Chinese shadow play (皮影戯), we have carried out field research mainly in Shaanxi (狹西) province several times. As a result, we recorded many performances of shadow play and puppet play (木偶戯) remaining in several areas, and could compile oral documents from many actors and musicians.
Concerning Peking opera (京劇), we extracted many articles relating Peking opera from old Chinese newspapers and made database in our website. Moreover, we 'found many valuable materials on Peking opera in Japan, China and United States.
In addition, at Beijing we collected many official documents, scripts and other related subjects-mainly is 1950's or 60's documents, which had been in the library of Beijing People Broadcasting Station.
Based on above results, we illuminated following three points.
(1) Actual condition of various traditional performing arts and its transition. (2) Interaction between Peking opera, Bangzi opera (〓子戯) and Chinese shadow play. (3) Concrete shapes of cultural and marketing network in one region or its regional network, and its socio-economical background.
In this process, we published 24 papers and 1 book.

本研究の研究実績は、1:革命英雄の人物形象の歴史的変遷に関する検証、2:文革期のスタニスラフスキーシステム批判の検討、3:革命現代京劇の演技術として採用された京舞体三結合に関する実態調査の三点にほぼ集約される。1は主に台本のレベルで検証されうる課題であり、一定数の先行研究も存在するが、本研究ではそれらを土台としつつ、英雄人物が生身の人間から離脱して当時「高・大・全(崇高で偉大かつ完全な)」といわれた特殊な形象を獲得していく時間的な経緯とその筋道をより明確なものにした。2と3はいずれも俳優の演技に関するトピックであり、2については1969年に『紅旗』誌上に発表されたスタシステム批判に関する最初の文章を詳細に検証すると同時に、同時期に発表された関連の論文などを収集し、批判の全容を把握するため基礎的な作業を行っている。また3に関しては、革命現代京劇の創作に関わった演劇人にインタビューを行い、舞(バレエ)と体(体操)の演技術への浸透の様相を検証すると同時に、文革期に教育を再開した各種演劇学校の卒業生から教育現場への導入に関する情報を得、京舞体三結合の京劇「教育への浸透状況を明らかにした。以上三つのトピックは、革命現代京劇の人物形象と、それを演じる俳優の身体を構成する主要なファクターであるといってよい。ほぼ未開拓の領域であるため、本研究はまだ初歩的踏査というレベルに止まるが、以後の研究推進のためのフレームを築いたという点で、萌芽研究としての役割は果たせたと考えている。なお本研究の研究成果の一部に関し、京劇史研究会(大阪)、中国都市芸能研究会(北京)、プラハ・カレル大学における国際シンポジウム「New Trends in Chinese and Japanese Theatre Studies」(チェコ)、および日本演劇学会(博多)において、それぞれ口頭発表を行っている

This research is the Comprehensive study on folk theatre in modern north China overall research on Peking Opera or Jingju and Chinese Shadow Play.
1.On the elucidation of circumstances and relationship of play supported by the diversity of large city, we researched the circumstances of Peking Opera from Republican period till now, clearized on the transition of the concept on "National Opera", and making investigation and digitalization of the newspaper material completed the elemental database of Peking Opera.
2.For the elucidation of the cultural exchanges network between larger cities, middle cities and villages, we collected large quantities of materials through academic exchanges with local research institutes and interviews of old players of shadow play in Shanxi and Shaanxi, and investigated the actual situation, distribution sphere, playing condition and economic background of shadow play in these areas. And we put these materials in order and made the list of libretto owned by research institutes in Peking and Shanxi. We also made field surveys and reported on temples as playing spot of these plays in Peking, Shanxi, Jiangsu and Hubei.
3.On the circumstances of circulations and acceptations of tales by playing, based on our survey, we researched the making process of libretto and spreading of tales taking up the story of Xiyouji or Journey to the West, and proved the spread of shadow play in Hebei and Manchuria to be made in 19 century.
Through above researches, we accomplished our purpose the investigation of the actual conditions shadow play and Peking Opera in Republican period in China.

The main purpose of this study is to clarify possibilities of new class-form in long distance communication by analyzing conversation characteristics between students and native speakers after analyzing realities of students and native speakers objectively. Through 3 years of study period, over a million characters of conversation corpus was constructed by translation to words of videos which was taken in long-distance classes and regular classes. Measured analysis is possible to instantaneously retrieve contents of conversation according to mother tongue, topics, and class-forms. The main results of my study are shown below.
1) Study of class form.
Feature of communications of students and learning-style have been verified by analyzing dialogs between students and native speakers in long-distance classes and regular classes. Long-distance communication through videoconferencing has difficulties to share atmosphere between two places and it can easily cause hinder on communication. So that, it is necessary to indicate that teacher should better devote on coordinator or supporter, and close examination of class theme, use multi-exchange channel together, concern which teaching tool to be used and etc have been concretely proposed.
2) Research of language acquisition.
The tendencies and the cause of grammatical usage condition was analyzed through conversation corpus between students and native speakers by investigation on it comprehensively. Long-distance communication may cause crosswire between psychological pressure and grammatical proficiency and it may influence students in use of language. Also, high frequencies of utterance are tending to be simplified and it may cause lower evaluation of language ability, which can be seen in student Filler.
3) Research of cross cultural communication
Long-distance communication is also a place of cross cultural communication. It is important to have more chances of cross cultural communication. However, to prevent unnecessary cultural collision, you should use familiar topic to be a theme.It can be seen in videoconference that testees are tendency to be those who speaking by proxy about their culture under a assumption of "I belongs to a certain category". It has pointed out that using peer-to-peer video chat at the same time is also important to prompt individual levels of exchange.
The corpus which was used through the study needs few more steps to opening to the public from the point of protection of privacy.

The main purpose of this study is to clarify possibilities of new class-form in long distance communication by analyzing conversation characteristics between students and native speakers after analyzing realities of students and native speakers objectively. Through 3 years of study period, over a million characters of conversation corpus was constructed by translation to words of videos which was taken in long-distance classes and regular classes. Measured analysis is possible to instantaneously retrieve contents of conversation according to mother tongue, topics, and class-forms. The main results of my study are shown below.1) Study of class form.Feature of communications of students and learning-style have been verified by analyzing dialogs between students and native speakers in long-distance classes and regular classes. Long-distance communication through videoconferencing has difficulties to share atmosphere between two places and it can easily cause hinder on communication. So that, it is necessary to indicate that teacher should better devote on coordinator or supporter, and close examination of class theme, use multi-exchange channel together, concern which teaching tool to be used and etc have been concretely proposed.2) Research of language acquisition.The tendencies and the cause of grammatical usage condition was analyzed through conversation corpus between students and native speakers by investigation on it comprehensively. Long-distance communication may cause crosswire between psychological pressure and grammatical proficiency and it may influence students in use of language. Also, high frequencies of utterance are tending to be simplified and it may cause lower evaluation of language ability, which can be seen in student Filler.3) Research of cross cultural communicationLong-distance communication is also a place of cross cultural communication. It is important to have more chances of cross cultural communication. However, to prevent unnecessary cultural collision, you should use familiar topic to be a theme.It can be seen in videoconference that testees are tendency to be those who speaking by proxy about their culture under a assumption of "I belongs to a certain category". It has pointed out that using peer-to-peer video chat at the same time is also important to prompt individual levels of exchange.The corpus which was used through the study needs few more steps to opening to the public from the point of protection of privacy

This research is the Comprehensive study on folk theatre in modern north China overall research on Peking Opera or Jingju and Chinese Shadow Play.
1.On the elucidation of circumstances and relationship of play supported by the diversity of large city, we researched the circumstances of Peking Opera from Republican period till now, clearized on the transition of the concept on "National Opera", and making investigation and digitalization of the newspaper material completed the elemental database of Peking Opera.
2.For the elucidation of the cultural exchanges network between larger cities, middle cities and villages, we collected large quantities of materials through academic exchanges with local research institutes and interviews of old players of shadow play in Shanxi and Shaanxi, and investigated the actual situation, distribution sphere, playing condition and economic background of shadow play in these areas. And we put these materials in order and made the list of libretto owned by research institutes in Peking and Shanxi. We also made field surveys and reported on temples as playing spot of these plays in Peking, Shanxi, Jiangsu and Hubei.
3.On the circumstances of circulations and acceptations of tales by playing, based on our survey, we researched the making process of libretto and spreading of tales taking up the story of Xiyouji or Journey to the West, and proved the spread of shadow play in Hebei and Manchuria to be made in 19 century.
Through above researches, we accomplished our purpose the investigation of the actual conditions shadow play and Peking Opera in Republican period in China.

本研究の当初の計画は、戦後台湾の民間演劇の変遷と機能とを析出することであった。しかし調査中に接触した台湾の研究者および行政担当者等知識人の民間演劇への関わり方、そして小西園、華洲園など布袋戯劇団の上演時の状況から、民間演劇をめぐるある二重構造を見出さざるをえなかった。それは、民間演劇を台湾独自の民俗文化として強力に価値付けようとする知識人達の言動に対し、一方でそうした知識人の言動に合わせ、より民俗的と考えられる上演の方法を採用しながら、また一方ではそれとは無関係に従来からの民間での需要に応え続けるという布袋戯劇団の上演の価値の二重性である。ここには知識人が自文化の純粋状態として理想視する民間、民俗と、そうではないありのままの民間、民俗との乖離、そしてこの二重性をそのまま反映した民間演劇の上演の様相が見出せる。台湾では1960年代から文化復興運動が繰り広げられ、それは台湾の政治状況、台湾ナショナリズムとも不可分な運動であったが、その潮流に乗った知識人達による価値観の操作が、民間演劇の劇団に上記の二重性を帯びさせることになったと考えられる。こうした状況を目の当たりにし、台湾のナショナリズムと不可分な形で展開される知識人の言説と、それに取り囲まれた民間演劇との相互作用の様相を、最終的なテーマとすべきであるとの認識に至ったわけである。今後は「演劇とナショナリズム」をテーマに、この事例を引き続き調査しつつ、筆者が以前に研究対象とした清朝末期の上海における知識人と演劇との関わりもひとくくりに視野に含み込み、近現代の中国社会における両者の関わりを分析してゆく計画である。また、以上の個人研究と並行して、1996年度より筆者を含めた複数の中国演劇研究者により開始される「中国近代都市芸能共同研究プロジェクト」の一端として今回の研究成果を位置付け、中国社会の中での演劇の姿をより多角的に把捉する方向へと発展させるつもりである

本研究の当初の計画は、戦後台湾の民間演劇の変遷と機能とを析出することであった。しかし調査中に接触した台湾の研究者および行政担当者等知識人の民間演劇への関わり方、そして小西園、華洲園など布袋戯劇団の上演時の状況から、民間演劇をめぐるある二重構造を見出さざるをえなかった。それは、民間演劇を台湾独自の民俗文化として強力に価値付けようとする知識人達の言動に対し、一方でそうした知識人の言動に合わせ、より民俗的と考えられる上演の方法を採用しながら、また一方ではそれとは無関係に従来からの民間での需要に応え続けるという布袋戯劇団の上演の価値の二重性である。ここには知識人が自文化の純粋状態として理想視する民間、民俗と、そうではないありのままの民間、民俗との乖離、そしてこの二重性をそのまま反映した民間演劇の上演の様相が見出せる。台湾では1960年代から文化復興運動が繰り広げられ、それは台湾の政治状況、台湾ナショナリズムとも不可分な運動であったが、その潮流に乗った知識人達による価値観の操作が、民間演劇の劇団に上記の二重性を帯びさせることになったと考えられる。こうした状況を目の当たりにし、台湾のナショナリズムと不可分な形で展開される知識人の言説と、それに取り囲まれた民間演劇との相互作用の様相を、最終的なテーマとすべきであるとの認識に至ったわけである。
今後は「演劇とナショナリズム」をテーマに、この事例を引き続き調査しつつ、筆者が以前に研究対象とした清朝末期の上海における知識人と演劇との関わりもひとくくりに視野に含み込み、近現代の中国社会における両者の関わりを分析してゆく計画である。また、以上の個人研究と並行して、1996年度より筆者を含めた複数の中国演劇研究者により開始される「中国近代都市芸能共同研究プロジェクト」の一端として今回の研究成果を位置付け、中国社会の中での演劇の姿をより多角的に把捉する方向へと発展させるつもりである。

本研究の研究実績は、1:革命英雄の人物形象の歴史的変遷に関する検証、2:文革期のスタニスラフスキーシステム批判の検討、3:革命現代京劇の演技術として採用された京舞体三結合に関する実態調査の三点にほぼ集約される。1は主に台本のレベルで検証されうる課題であり、一定数の先行研究も存在するが、本研究ではそれらを土台としつつ、英雄人物が生身の人間から離脱して当時「高・大・全(崇高で偉大かつ完全な)」といわれた特殊な形象を獲得していく時間的な経緯とその筋道をより明確なものにした。2と3はいずれも俳優の演技に関するトピックであり、2については1969年に『紅旗』誌上に発表されたスタシステム批判に関する最初の文章を詳細に検証すると同時に、同時期に発表された関連の論文などを収集し、批判の全容を把握するため基礎的な作業を行っている。また3に関しては、革命現代京劇の創作に関わった演劇人にインタビューを行い、舞(バレエ)と体(体操)の演技術

In this project, we have researched traditional performing arts (from Qing dynasty to present) in northern China for three years.Concerning Chinese shadow play (皮影戯), we have carried out field research mainly in Shaanxi (狹西) province several times. As a result, we recorded many performances of shadow play and puppet play (木偶戯) remaining in several areas, and could compile oral documents from many actors and musicians.Concerning Peking opera (京劇), we extracted many articles relating Peking opera from old Chinese newspapers and made database in our website. Moreover, we 'found many valuable materials on Peking opera in Japan, China and United States.In addition, at Beijing we collected many official documents, scripts and other related subjects-mainly is 1950's or 60's documents, which had been in the library of Beijing People Broadcasting Station.Based on above results, we illuminated following three points.(1) Actual condition of various traditional performing arts and its transition. (2) Interaction between Peking opera, Bangzi opera (〓子戯) and Chinese shadow play. (3) Concrete shapes of cultural and marketing network in one region or its regional network, and its socio-economical background.In this process, we published 24 papers and 1 book