Purpose: In recent years, the employment market in major cities has become more competitive than ever before. Observation shows that an increasing number of university students chose to leave the big cities only to return to their hometowns in search of employment opportunities. Based on the theory of population migration and the employment policy of Chinese university students, this research uses interview methods to explore the factors influencing young people who choose to return to their hometown City A, Jilin Province for employment after graduation. Research Methods: Research method: Semi-structured interview through a video call Survey period: July 1st to July 30th, 2020

　本研究は、災害時におけるLGBTQ+コミュニティへの支援体制の現状と課題を明らかにし、社会的包摂の観点から改善の方向性を検討することを目的として実施された。近年、災害研究においては高齢者や障害者、外国人など、社会的に脆弱な立場に置かれやすい人々への支援の重要性が指摘されているが、LGBTQ+に関する議論は依然として十分とはいえない。特に、同性パートナーシップ制度は全国的に広がりを見せているものの、法制度上の家族として認められていないため、同性パートナーは災害時に様々な困難に直面し得る。　まず、日本国内におけるLGBTQ+コミュニティへの災害支援事例を整理した結果、いくつかの共通した課題が確認された。第一に、災害支援制度が「家族」あるいは「世帯」を基本単位として設計されているため、同性パートナーの場合、公的支援へのアクセスが制限される可能性がある点である。第二に、避難所という共同生活空間において、パートナーとの関係性について説明を求められる状況に置かれる場合もあり、そのこと自体が心理的負担となり得る。　次に、過去の被災当事者へのインタビュー記事や調査資料の分析からは、災害時において同性パートナーが家族として支援を受けられないことが、精神的な不安や孤立感を強める要因となっていることが示唆された。一方で、LGBTQ+支援団体や市民団体が独自に情報提供や相談支援を行うことで、当事者の不安を軽減する取り組みも確認された。　以上の分析から、災害時におけるLGBTQ+コミュニティへの支援においては、制度的枠組みと社会的理解の双方における改善が必要であることが明らかとなった。具体的には、避難所運営マニュアルや防災計画において多様な家族形態を想定した対応を明確化すること、また性的多様性やパートナーシップ制度に関する研修や啓発活動を通じて支援者側の理解を深めることが重要である。さらに、LGBTQ+コミュニティと行政、支援団体との連携を強化し、当事者の声を防災政策に反映させる仕組みを整備することも求められる。

Background:Contemporary Japan is experiencing increasing demographic diversity due to globalization and the influx of foreign residents. As a result, addressing the unique needs of different cultural and gender groups within disaster support systems has become essential. Traditional disaster support measures often overlook the perspectives of foreign residents and gender-specific needs, leading to disparities in disaster preparedness, response, and recovery. This study aims to investigate how foreign residents' experiences and gender perspectives can be incorporated into disaster support frameworks to enhance social inclusiveness and strengthen disaster resilience in Japan’s multicultural society. Research Methodology:Literature Review:The review covered topics such as the intersection of disasters and gender, multicultural coexistence, and existing disaster support mechanisms in Japan. This analysis helped identify gaps in current policies and practices related to foreign residents and gender considerations in disaster preparedness and response.Case Study Analysis:This study examined the experiences of foreign residents during past disasters, including the 1995 Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake, the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, and more recent disasters. Through secondary data analysis, the study explored challenges such as language barriers, access to emergency information, cultural differences in shelter environments, and gender-related concerns.Questionnaire Survey:A structured questionnaire survey was conducted among foreign residents living in Tokyo. The survey aimed to assess their level of disaster awareness, preparedness, and specific needs related to disaster support. Questions covered topics such as preferred communication methods for disaster information, participation in disaster drills, access to multilingual resources, and gender-specific concerns in evacuation shelters.Research Findings:1. Correlation Between Foreign Residents’ Disaster Awareness and Gender:Survey results indicate that gender plays a significant role in shaping disaster awareness and preparedness levels among foreign residents. Female respondents, especially those with children, expressed greater concerns about safety, hygiene, and privacy.2. Recommendations for Inclusive Disaster Support:Implementing gender-sensitive shelter management, such as providing separate spaces, ensuring access to hygiene products, and addressing cultural dietary needs.Encouraging foreign residents’ participation in community-based disaster preparedness programs through partnerships with international organizations and local governments.Conclusions:Integrating culturally diverse needs and gender perspectives into disaster support measures is crucial to ensuring that all community members, regardless of nationality or gender, receive equitable assistance. By addressing the specific concerns of foreign residents and recognizing the differential impact of gender on the disaster experience, a more inclusive and disaster-resilient society is possible.