This research is based on my prior fieldwork and related studies on Chinese firework factories. Starting from the most natural aspect—the physical and chemical properties (or material attributes) of fireworks—I found that these properties dictate the spatial and temporal organization of the factory, subsequently giving rise to a whole set of labor-related ethics. The study attempts to bridge the fields of anthropological focus on materiality and Marxist anthropology. The materiality of fireworks was the starting point of my perception in the field, from which a more complex and concrete understanding of the factory unfolded.Building on my existing research on Chinese firework factories, I aim to use fireworks as a commodity to further explore its production context and the differences within the factory and industry settings of both Chinese and Japanese cultural contexts.   Firework manufacturing techniques originated from traditional craftsmanship but have faced different fates under the drive of modernity.   Particularly, the attitudes towards those who master firework techniques differ significantly between the two cultures.   In the Japanese context, traces of the artisan's craft are still identifiable, whereas in the Chinese factory setting, this craftsmanship has largely shed its bodily aspect, becoming merely a replaceable and learnable technique.   Industrialization "absorbed" artisans into factories, requiring them to prioritize the needs of production (batch output, safety, profit).  Meanwhile, the shaping and influence of this industrialization on craftsmanship stem from the interplay of multiple complex aspects, necessitating further thick description from an anthropological perspective to understand the internal trajectory and dynamics of its development.On this basis, further questions for future research were proposed. The key to protecting handicrafts lies in establishing a "value fortress" for them that can resist the logic of pure commercialization. It has always been necessary to seek a balance between craftsmanship and industrialised economy. Therefore, when considering the future of fireworks technology, it is necessary to think about whether and how we can rediscover and construct cultural and even spiritual values that go beyond economic functions, and find institutional forms that support such new values. This comparative research perspective will be further deepened in the future.