Updated on 2022/11/08

写真a

 
LIU, Kunyang
 
Scopus Paper Info  
Paper Count: 11  Citation Count: 78  h-index: 6

Click to view the Scopus page. The data was downloaded from Scopus API in March 27, 2023, via http://api.elsevier.com and http://www.scopus.com .

Affiliation
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Information, Production, and Systems Center
Job title
Assistant Professor(without tenure)
Degree
2021/04 Waseda University Ph.D.
2017/09 Waseda University M.E.
2015/07 South China University of Technology B.E.

Awards

  • Excellent Student Award

    2021.02   IEEE Fukuoka Section   A 373-F2 0.21%-Native-BER EE SRAM Physically Unclonable Function With 2-D Power-Gated Bit Cells and Vss Bias-Based Dark-Bit Detection

    Winner: Kunyang Liu

  • Student Travel Grant Award

    2018.11   IEEE Solid-State Circuits Society   A 373 F2 2D Power-Gated EE SRAM Physically Unclonable Function with Dark-Bit Detection Technique

    Winner: Kunyang Liu

 

Papers

  • A 2.17-pJ/b 5b-Response Attack-Resistant Strong PUF with Enhanced Statistical Performance

    Kunyang Liu, Gen Li, Zihan Fu, Xuanzhen Wang, Hirofumi Shinohara

    ESSCIRC 2022- IEEE 48th European Solid State Circuits Conference (ESSCIRC)    2022.09  [Refereed]

    Authorship:Lead author

    DOI

  • Statistical Modeling of SRAM PUF Cell Mismatch Shift Distribution After Hot Carrier Injection Burn-In

    Kunyang Liu, Kiyoshi Takeuchi, Hirofumi Shinohara

    2022 IEEE 34th International Conference on Microelectronic Test Structures (ICMTS)    2022.03  [Refereed]

    Authorship:Lead author

    DOI

  • 36.3 A Modeling Attack Resilient Strong PUF with Feedback-SPN Structure Having <0.73% Bit Error Rate through In-Cell Hot-Carrier Injection Burn-In

    Kunyang Liu, Zihan Fu, Gen Li, Hongliang Pu, Zhibo Guan, Xingyu Wang, Xinpeng Chen, Hirofumi Shinohara

    Digest of Technical Papers - IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference   64   502 - 504  2021.02  [Refereed]

    Authorship:Lead author

     View Summary

    Strong physically unclonable functions (Strong PUFs) are expected to meet the low-energy and low-latency authentication requirements of IoT applications, owing to their exponential number of challenge-response pairs (CRPs). However, Strong PUFs suffer from vulnerability to modeling attacks and a high bit-error rate (BER). The first Strong PUF, known as the arbiter PUF, has little tolerance against modeling attacks because of the linear summation of path-delay times in its response [1]. Several studies have been conducted to improve immunity by introducing non-linearity in the response-generation procedure [2] -[6]. Out of these, only look-up-table (LUT)-based solutions [2], [6] achieved a high machine-learning (ML) robustness against more than 0.1M training CRPs. However, the design in [2] requires 112K bits of entropy, and that in [6] uses many AES S-boxes, as well as entropy sources. The complex response procedures cause high native BER in Strong PUFs, although zero error is not essential because cryptography is not needed in the authentication procedure. CRP filtering [3], [5], [6], a popular countermeasure, not only reduces usable CRPs, but it also requires the server to perform additional tasks in both enrollment and authentication. Taking advantage of a LUT, one can apply SRAM-PUF stabilization techniques. Hot-carrier-injection (HCI) burn-in [7] does not reduce the number of usable bitcells. However, conventionally, it requires the inverse data to be written back before HCI burn-in. Although this could be done on-chip, it provides a potential attack point to an adversary.

    DOI

    Scopus

    6
    Citation
    (Scopus)
  • A 373-F 0.21%-Native-BER EE SRAM Physically Unclonable Function with 2-D Power-Gated Bit Cells and {V}_{\text{SS } } Bias-Based Dark-Bit Detection

    Kunyang Liu, Yue Min, Xuan Yang, Hanfeng Sun, Hirofumi Shinohara

    IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits   55 ( 6 ) 1719 - 1732  2020.06  [Refereed]

    Authorship:Lead author

     View Summary

    This article presents a highly stable SRAM-based physically unclonable function (PUF) using enhancement-enhancement (EE)-structure bit cells for native stability improvement. The PUF bit cells are power-gated 2-D and are normally in the OFF state, which largely reduces power and is beneficial to attack tolerance. In addition, a dark-bit detection technique based on a lightweight integrated {V}_{\text {SS } } -bias generator is implemented in order to screen out potentially unstable bit cells (dark bits) induced by supply voltage/temperature (VT) variations and other factors. Measured native bit error rate (BER) of prototype chips fabricated in 130-nm standard CMOS is 0.21% at 0.8 V and 23 °C, which is 14 \times better compared with the conventional SRAM-based PUF. After masking the detected dark bits, no bit error (3339 bits \times 500 evaluations) appeared at the worst VT corner across 0.8 to 1.4 V and -40 °C to 120 °C. This technique also eliminated all unstable bits in the accelerated aging test. Both the data before and after dark-bit masking have passed all applicable NIST SP 800-22 randomness tests. The measured operational energy at 0.8 V is 128 fJ/bit and the standby power is 0.44 pW/bit, thanks to the 2-D power-gating scheme. The nMOS-only bit cell is highly compact, with a normalized bit cell area of 373 F 2

    DOI

    Scopus

    28
    Citation
    (Scopus)
  • A 0.5-V 2.07-fJ/b 497-F2 EE/CMOS Hybrid SRAM Physically Unclonable Function with < 1E-7 Bit Error Rate Achieved through Hot Carrier Injection Burn-in

    Kunyang Liu, Hongliang Pu, Hirofumi Shinohara

    Proceedings of the Custom Integrated Circuits Conference   2020-March  2020.03  [Refereed]

    Authorship:Lead author

     View Summary

    This paper presents a bit-error free SRAM-based physically unclonable function (PUF) in 130-nm standard CMOS. The PUF has a compact bitcell, with a bitcell area of 497 F2. It switches from EE SRAM to CMOS SRAM mode during evaluation, achieving high native stability, low-voltage evaluation, and low-power operation. Its stability is reinforced to 100% through hot carrier injection (HCI) burn-in on the alternate-direction nMOS load, which causes no visible oxide damage and does not require additional fabrication processes or extra transistors in the bitcell. Experimental results show that the prototype chips achieved actual zero bit error across 0.5-0.7 V and -40°C to 120 °C, as well as zero error (<1E-7 BER) at the worst VT corner after accelerated aging test equivalent to 21 years of operation. The PUF functions stably down to 0.5 V, with an energy of 2.07 fJ/b, which includes both the evaluation and read-out power. The secure, compact, low-power and 100% stable features of the PUF make it an excellent candidate for the resource-constrained Internet of Things security.

    DOI

    Scopus

    7
    Citation
    (Scopus)
  • A 0.5-V Hybrid SRAM Physically Unclonable Function Using Hot Carrier Injection Burn-In for Stability Reinforcement

    Kunyang Liu, Xinpeng Chen, Hongliang Pu, Hirofumi Shinohara

    IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits   56 ( 7 ) 2193 - 2204  2020  [Refereed]

    Authorship:Lead author

     View Summary

    This article introduces an SRAM-based physically unclonable function (PUF) that employs hybrid-mode operations in the enhancement-enhancement (EE) SRAM mode and CMOS SRAM mode to achieve both high native stability and low power. A data latching scheme based on the hybrid structure enables operations under low supply voltage (VDD). Furthermore, the proposed hybrid SRAM PUF is compatible with hot carrier injection (HCI) burn-in stabilization, which can reinforce PUF stability to ~100&#x0025; without the requirements of bitcell redundancy, visible oxide damages, additional fabrication processes, helper data storage, or error-correcting code (ECC) circuits. The proposed PUF is fabricated in 130-nm standard CMOS, and the experimental results show that it achieves 0.29&#x0025; native bit error rate (BER) at the nominal condition of 0.6 V/25 &#x00B0;C. The operating VDD scales down to 0.5 V, with a core energy efficiency of 2.07 fJ/b. After HCI burn-in, no bit errors are found across all VDD/temperature (VT) corners from 0.5 to 0.7 V and from -40 &#x00B0;C to 120 &#x00B0;C (5120 bits x 500 evaluations tested at each condition). Long-term reliability is verified by using an accelerated aging test equivalent to approximately 21 years of operation, where the reinforced PUF shows no bit errors even at the worst VT corner of 0.5 V/120 &#x00B0;C during the test. The introduced hybrid SRAM PUF also passes all applicable NIST SP 800-22 randomness tests. It has a compact bitcell with an area of 497 F&#x00B2;.

    DOI

    Scopus

    14
    Citation
    (Scopus)
  • A 373 F 2 2D Power-Gated EE SRAM Physically Unclonable Function with Dark-Bit Detection Technique

    Kunyang Liu, Yue Min, Xuan Yang, Hanfeng Sun, Hirofumi Shinohara

    2018 IEEE Asian Solid-State Circuits Conference, A-SSCC 2018 - Proceedings     161 - 164  2018.12  [Refereed]

    Authorship:Lead author

     View Summary

    This paper presents an Enhancement-Enhancement (EE) SRAM physically unclonable function (PUF) with a dark-bit detection technique based on an integrated Vss-bias generator. The EE SRAM PUF cell improves native stability to 0.21% bit-error rate (BER). Bit cells that are potentially unstable due to environmental variations or aging are detected via the lightweight bias generator to ensure stability, and the effectiveness is verified with experimental results of dark-bit detection performed at room temperature. Measurement results of 10 chips in 130-nm CMOS show that after masking the detected dark bits, 1.3×10 BER is achieved across 0.8-1.4 V/-40-120 °C VT corners. The nMOS-only bit cell is also highly compact (i.e., 373 F ). Moreover, a 2D power-gating scheme is implemented for low operation energy, low standby power, and high attack tolerance. -6 2

    DOI

    Scopus

    11
    Citation
    (Scopus)
  • A 0.186-pJ per Bit Latch-Based True Random Number Generator Featuring Mismatch Compensation and Random Noise Enhancement

    Ruilin Zhang, Xingyu Wang, Kunyang Liu, Hirofumi Shinohara

    IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS    2022.03  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    This article proposes a mismatch self-compensation latch-based true random number generator (TRNG) that harvests a metastable region's enhanced random noise. The proposed TRNG exhibits high randomness across a wide voltage (0.3-1.0 V) and temperature (-20 degrees C-100 degrees C) range by employing XOR of only four entropy sources (ESs). To achieve a full entropy output, an 8-bit von Neumann post-processing with waiting (VN8W) is used. The randomness of the TRNG's output is verified by NIST SP 800-22 and NIST SP 800-90B tests. The proposed TRNG, fabricated in 130-nm CMOS, achieves state-of-the-art energy of 0.186 pJ/bit at 0.3 V with a core (four ESs + XOR circuits) area of 661 mu m(2) and a total area of 5561 mu m(2), including VN8W. The robustness against power noise injection attacks is also demonstrated. An accelerating aging test revealed that the TRNG achieves a stable operation after 19 h of aging, which is equivalent to the 11-year life reliability. The mismatch-to-noise ratio analysis revealed that the XOR-OUT of TRNG core has more than 6 sigma robustness against random mismatch variations.

    DOI

    Scopus

    3
    Citation
    (Scopus)
  • A 0.116pJ/bit Latch-Based True Random Number Generator with Static Inverter Selection and Noise Enhancement

    Xingyu Wang, Ruilin Zhang, Yuxin Wang, Kunyang Liu, Xuanzhen Wang, Hirofumi Shinohara

    2022 International Symposium on VLSI Design, Automation and Test, VLSI-DAT 2022 - Proceedings    2022  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    This paper presents a latch-based TRNG that achieves high raw entropy generation (>0.9) across wide voltage and temperature (0.31.0 V, -40110 °C) in a single latch-based entropy source by static inverter selection and noise enhancement techniques. In a 130 nm CMOS technology, the TRNG occupies 5343 μm2 and consumes 0.116pJ/bit at 0.3 V including an on-chip Von Neumann post-processing circuit. The crypto-graphically-secure randomness of TRNG's output is verified by NIST SP 800-22 and 800-90B tests. An equivalent 20-year life at 0.3 V, 25°C is confirmed by an accelerated aging test.

    DOI

    Scopus

  • A 0.186-pJ per Bit Latch-Based True Random Number Generator with Mismatch Compensation and Random Noise Enhancement

    Ruilin Zhang, Xingyu Wang, Luying Wang, Xinpeng Chen, Fan Yang, Kunyang Liu, Hirofumi Shinohara

    2021 Symposium on VLSI Circuits    2021.06  [Refereed]

    DOI

  • An Inverter-Based True Random Number Generator with 4-bit Von-Neumann Post-Processing Circuit

    Xingyu Wang, Hongjie Liu, Ruilin Zhang, Kunyang Liu, Hirofumi Shinohara

    Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems   2020-August   285 - 288  2020.08  [Refereed]

     View Summary

    This paper proposes a small-area low-power inverter-based true random number generator (I-TRNG) which harvests entropy from thermal noise. A single CMOS inverter is used for noise amplification. Clock-feedthrough (CLFT) compensation and body-bias technique provide robustness across a wide range of supply voltage 0.7~1.0 V and temperature -40~100 °C. An on-chip 4-bit Von-Neumann post-processing circuit is implemented for maximum entropy harvesting. I-TRNG is fabricated in 130-nm CMOS technology. It occupies 1495 µm2 (0.08846 MF2) and consumes 0.6585 pJ/bit with a throughput of 0.4456 Mbps (0.1308 Mbits/µW). The random bits generated by I- TRNG pass all FIPS 140-2 and NIST 800-22 tests.

    DOI

    Scopus

    2
    Citation
    (Scopus)

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