2024/03/28 更新

写真a

ウチダ スナオ
内田 直
所属
スポーツ科学学術院
職名
名誉教授
学位
博士(医学) ( 東京医科歯科大学 (日本) )
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学歴

  •  
    -
    1983年

    滋賀医科大学   医学部  

所属学協会

  • 2016年04月
    -
    継続中

    日本老年精神医学会

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    日本臨床スポーツ医学会

  •  
     
     

    日本精神神経学会

  •  
     
     

    アジア睡眠学会

  •  
     
     

    日本睡眠学会

  •  
     
     

    日本スポーツ精神医学会

▼全件表示

研究分野

  • 精神神経科学 / スポーツ科学 / 神経科学一般

研究キーワード

  • スポーツ神経精神医科学、睡眠医学

 

論文

  • Intervention for Reducing Sleep Disturbances After a 12-Time Zone Transition.

    Masako Hoshikawa, Sunao Uchida, Michiko Dohi

    Journal of strength and conditioning research   34 ( 7 ) 1803 - 1807  2020年07月  [国際誌]

     概要を見る

    Hoshikawa, M, Uchida, S, and Dohi, M. Intervention for reducing sleep disturbances after a 12-time zone transition. J Strength Cond Res 34(7): 1803-1807, 2020-The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of an intervention consisting of bright light exposure, sleep schedule shifts, and ramelteon on sleep disturbances after a transition of 12 time zones. Two groups, which flew from Tokyo to Rio, participated in this study. The experimental group received the treatment, whereas the control group did not receive any treatment. The experimental group members were exposed to bright light at night and their sleep-wake schedules were gradually delayed for 4 days before their flight. They also took 8 mg of ramelteon once a day for 5 days from the day of their first flight. Both groups departed Tokyo at 14:05, transiting through Frankfurt and arriving in Rio at 05:05. In Rio, it was recommended that they go to bed earlier than usual if they experienced sleepiness. Nocturnal sleep variables measured by wristwatch actigraphy and subjective morning tiredness were compared between groups. Statistical analysis revealed shorter sleep onset latencies (SOLs) in the experimental group (p < 0.01). The SOLs in Rio were 7.7 ± 2.5 minutes for the experimental group and 16.3 ± 3.7 minutes for the control group (d = 0.89, effect size: large). Sleep efficiency for the first 3 nights in Rio was 88.5 ± 1.2% for the experimental group and 82.9 ± 3.0% for the control group (p < 0.01, d = 1.09, effect size: large). These results suggest that the intervention reduced sleep disturbances in Rio. Our intervention may increase the options for conditioning methods for athletic events requiring time zone transitions.

    DOI PubMed

  • Diurnal repeated exercise promotes slow-wave activity and fast-sigma power during sleep with increase in body temperature: a human crossover trial.

    Sayaka Aritake-Okada, Kosuke Tanabe, Yoshiko Mochizuki, Ryuji Ochiai, Masanobu Hibi, Kazuya Kozuma, Yoshihisa Katsuragi, Masashi Ganeko, Noriko Takeda, Sunao Uchida

    Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)   127 ( 1 ) 168 - 177  2019年07月  [国際誌]

     概要を見る

    The effects of exercise on sleep have been explored from various perspectives, but little is known about how the effects of acute exercise on sleep are produced through physiological functions. We used a protocol of multiple daytime sessions of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise and examined the subsequent effects on sleep structure, core body temperature (CBT), distal-proximal skin temperature gradient (DPG), and subjective parameters. Fourteen healthy men who did not exercise regularly were evaluated under the baseline (no exercise) and exercise conditions on a within-subject crossover basis. Under the exercise condition, each participant performed a 40-min aerobic workout at 40% of maximal oxygen intake, four times between morning and early evening. We observed a 33% increase in slow-wave sleep (SWS; P = 0.005), as well as increases in slow-wave activity (SWA; P = 0.026), the fast-sigma power/SWA ratio (P = 0.005), and subjective sleep depth and restorativeness the following morning. Moreover, both CBT and the DPG increased during sleep after exercise (P = 0.021 and P = 0.047, respectively). Regression analysis identified an increased nocturnal DPG during sleep after exercise as a factor in the increase in SWA. The fast-sigma/SWA ratio correlated with CBT. The performance of acute exercise promotes SWS with nocturnal elevation in the DPG. Both CBT and fast-sigma power may play a role in the specific physiological status of the body after exercise. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We used multiple daytime sessions of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise to examine the effects on the sleep structure, core body temperature (CBT), distal-proximal skin temperature gradient (DPG), and subjective parameters. Significant increases in slow-wave activity (SWA), CBT, DPG, fast-sigma power, and subjective parameters were observed during the night and the following morning. Nocturnal DPG is a factor in the increased SWA.

    DOI PubMed

  • Effect of pre-flight circadian phase-shifting approach on sleep variables after 9 time-zone eastward transition: a case report

    Masako Hoshikawa, Sunao Uchida, Michiko Dohi

    SLEEP AND BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS   16 ( 4 ) 457 - 461  2018年10月

     概要を見る

    The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a pre-flight circadian phase-shifting approach on sleep variables after 9 time-zone eastward transition. Two athletes were requested to monitor their sleep before (home) and after 9 time-zone eastward transition (destination area) in 2013 and 2014. In 2013, they did not cope well with jet lag. In 2014, from 4days before their flights, they gradually advanced their sleep-wake schedules, took ramelteon 5.5h before their bedtimes, and were exposed to bright light in the early morning. The results of wrist actigraphy showed that the approach improved the sleep quality in the destination area.

    DOI

  • A Subjective Assessment of the Prevalence and Factors Associated with Poor Sleep Quality Amongst Elite Japanese Athletes.

    Masako Hoshikawa, Sunao Uchida, Yuichi Hirano

    Sports medicine - open   4 ( 1 ) 10 - 10  2018年02月  [国際誌]

     概要を見る

    BACKGROUND: The amount, quality, and timing of sleep are considered important for athletes' ability to train, maximize training responses, and recover. However, some research has shown that elite athletes do not obtain sufficient sleep. Based on this background, researchers recently started to assess and manage sleep in elite athletes. The purpose of this study was to clarify the prevalence of poor sleep quality and its associated factors amongst elite Japanese athletes. METHODS: Eight hundred and ninety-one candidates for the 17th Asian Games Incheon 2014, who were over 20 years old, participated in this study. They completed a questionnaire that included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale, two-question case-finding instruments, and a checklist for sleep hygiene. Data from 817 of the 891 athletes (91.7%) with no missing values were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean time in bed was 7 h and 29 min. Two hundred and twenty-nine (28.0%) athletes showed a PSQI global score above the clinical criteria. A multiple logistic analysis revealed that sleep quality was significantly associated with five factors: "time in bed," "eating breakfast every morning," "avoiding the use of electronic devices (PC, smartphone, etc.) just before bedtime," "depressive mood", and "not thinking about troubles while in bed." Forty percent of athletes reported they had been informed by someone about "snoring loudly" and/or "leg twitching or jerking during sleep." CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study demonstrate that 28% of the athletes showed the PSQI score above the cutoff for poor sleep quality (> 5.5), which suggests that there may be a high prevalence of poor sleep quality in this population of athletes. To improve athletes' sleep, the five factors associated with sleep quality should be emphasized in athletes' sleep education. Furthermore, in medical evaluations of athletes, it may be desirable to include screening for sleep disorders.

    DOI PubMed

  • High rebound mattress toppers facilitate core body temperature drop and enhance deep sleep in the initial phase of nocturnal sleep.

    Shintaro Chiba, Tomoko Yagi, Motohiro Ozone, Mari Matsumura, Hirofumi Sekiguchi, Masashi Ganeko, Sunao Uchida, Seiji Nishino

    PloS one   13 ( 6 ) e0197521  2018年  [国際誌]

     概要を見る

    Recently, several new materials for mattresses have been introduced. Although some of these, such as low rebound (pressure-absorbing/memory foam) and high rebound mattresses have fairly different characteristics, effects of these mattresses on sleep have never been scientifically evaluated. In the current study, we have evaluated effects of a high rebound mattress topper [HR] on sleep and its associated physiology, and the effects were compared to those of a low rebound mattress toppers (LR) in healthy young (n = 10) and old (n = 20) adult males with a randomized, single-blind, cross over design. We found that sleeping with HR compared to LR induced a larger decline in core body temperature (CBT) in the initial phase of nocturnal sleep both in young (minimum CBT: 36.05 vs 36.35°C) and old (minimum CBT: 36.47 vs. 36.55°C) subjects, and declines in the CBT were associated with increases in deep sleep/delta power (+27.8% in young and +24.7% in old subjects between 11:00-01:00). We also found significantly smaller muscle activities during roll over motions with HR (-53.0 to -66.1%, depending on the muscle) during a separate daytime testing. These results suggest that sleeping with HR in comparison to with LR, may facilitate restorative sleep at the initial phase of sleep.

    DOI PubMed

  • 高照度光とメラトニンアゴニストを用いたアスリートの時差調整 時差12時間のブラジル・リオデジャネイロへの遠征の事例

    星川 雅子, 内田 直, 土肥 美智子

    日本臨床スポーツ医学会誌   25 ( 4 ) S186 - S186  2017年10月

  • アスリートの睡眠を考える 国立スポーツ科学センターにおける睡眠研究とアスリートへのサポート

    星川 雅子, 内田 直, 平野 裕一, 土肥 美智子

    日本睡眠学会定期学術集会プログラム・抄録集   42回   140 - 140  2017年06月

  • The Effect of Gaze Manipulation on Preference Decisions: A Study of Football Shirt Evaluation

    Saito Y, Uchida S, Yabe Y, Miyazaki M

    International Journal of Sport and Health Science   15   1 - 5  2017年04月  [査読有り]

     概要を見る

    Psychological studies have shown that when individuals move their gaze between two alternative objects, they tend to choose the object that holds their gaze for longer (the gaze-manipulation effect). This effect is especially evident when both alternatives appeal to the viewer. We hypothesized that if individuals have an interest in sports and/or fashion, and thus view varieties of sportswear favorably, then gaze manipulation would influence their choice. Japanese university students participated in our experiments. The participants made preference choices between two uniforms of European football teams, which were presented alternately across the left and right sides of a computer screen six times for different durations (900 ms vs. 300 ms). They were required to compare the uniforms with or without fixing their gaze directly on them. They also completed questionnaires designed to assess their interest in football and fashion. The results showed that the gaze-manipulation effect was not significant across all participants or across those participants who merely liked fashion, or who merely watched football or casually played it. However, the effect was significant in participants who had been members of football teams. Our results suggest that application of the gaze-manipulation technique would be more effective for visual advertisement of sports items if it was focused on sports players.<br>

    DOI CiNii

  • Effect of shortened sleep on energy expenditure, core body temperature, and appetite: a human randomised crossover trial.

    Masanobu Hibi, Chie Kubota, Tomohito Mizuno, Sayaka Aritake, Yuki Mitsui, Mitsuhiro Katashima, Sunao Uchida

    Scientific reports   7   39640 - 39640  2017年01月  [国際誌]

     概要を見る

    The effects of sleep restriction on energy metabolism and appetite remain controversial. We examined the effects of shortened sleep duration on energy metabolism, core body temperature (CBT), and appetite profiles. Nine healthy men were evaluated in a randomised crossover study under two conditions: a 3.5-h sleep duration and a 7-h sleep duration for three consecutive nights followed by one 7-h recovery sleep night. The subjects' energy expenditure (EE), substrate utilisation, and CBT were continually measured for 48 h using a whole-room calorimeter. The subjects completed an appetite questionnaire every hour while in the calorimeter. Sleep restriction did not affect total EE or substrate utilisation. The 48-h mean CBT decreased significantly during the 3.5-h sleep condition compared with the 7-h sleep condition (7-h sleep, 36.75 ± 0.11 °C; 3.5-h sleep, 36.68 ± 0.14 °C; p = 0.016). After three consecutive nights of sleep restriction, fasting peptide YY levels and fullness were significantly decreased (p = 0.011), whereas hunger and prospective food consumption were significantly increased, compared to those under the 7-h sleep condition. Shortened sleep increased appetite by decreasing gastric hormone levels, but did not affect EE, suggesting that greater caloric intake during a shortened sleep cycle increases the risk of weight gain.

    DOI PubMed

  • Theta EEG neurofeedback benefits early consolidation of motor sequence learning.

    Roman Rozengurt, Anat Barnea, Sunao Uchida, Daniel A Levy

    Psychophysiology   53 ( 7 ) 965 - 73  2016年07月  [国際誌]

     概要を見る

    Procedural learning is subject to consolidation processes believed to depend on the modulation of functional connections involved in representing the acquired skill. While sleep provides the most commonly studied framework for such consolidation processes, posttraining modulation of oscillatory brain activity may also impact on plasticity processes. Under the hypothesis that consolidation of motor learning is associated with theta band activity, we used EEG neurofeedback (NFB) to enable participants to selectively increase either theta or beta power in their EEG spectra following the acquisition phase of motor sequence learning. We tested performance on a motor task before and after training, right after the NFB session to assess immediate NFB effects, 1 day after NFB to assess interaction between NFB effects and overnight sleep-dependent stabilization, and 1 week after the initial session, to assess the effects of NFB on long-term stabilization of motor training. We also explored the extent of the influence of single-electrode NFB on EEG recorded across the scalp. Results revealed a significantly greater improvement in performance immediately after NFB in the theta group than in the beta group. This effect continued for testing up to 1 week following training. Across participants, post-NFB improvement correlated positively with theta/beta ratio change achieved during NFB. Additionally, NFB was found to cause widespread band-power modulation beyond the electrode used for feedback. Thus, upregulating postlearning theta power may yield contributions to the immediate performance and subsequent consolidation of an acquired motor skill.

    DOI PubMed

  • Senior Vipassana Meditation practitioners exhibit distinct REM sleep organization from that of novice meditators and healthy controls.

    Nirmala Maruthai, Ravindra P Nagendra, Arun Sasidharan, Sulekha Srikumar, Karuna Datta, Sunao Uchida, Bindu M Kutty

    International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England)   28 ( 3 ) 279 - 87  2016年06月  [国際誌]

     概要を見る

    The present study is aimed to ascertain whether differences in meditation proficiency alter rapid eye movement sleep (REM sleep) as well as the overall sleep-organization. Whole-night polysomnography was carried out using 32-channel digital EEG system. 20 senior Vipassana meditators, 16 novice Vipassana meditators and 19 non-meditating control subjects participated in the study. The REM sleep characteristics were analyzed from the sleep-architecture of participants with a sleep efficiency index >85%. Senior meditators showed distinct changes in sleep-organization due to enhanced slow wave sleep and REM sleep, reduced number of intermittent awakenings and reduced duration of non-REM stage 2 sleep. The REM sleep-organization was significantly different in senior meditators with more number of REM episodes and increased duration of each episode, distinct changes in rapid eye movement activity (REMA) dynamics due to increased phasic and tonic activity and enhanced burst events (sharp and slow bursts) during the second and fourth REM episodes. No significant differences in REM sleep organization was observed between novice and control groups. Changes in REM sleep-organization among the senior practitioners of meditation could be attributed to the intense brain plasticity events associated with intense meditative practices on brain functions.

    DOI PubMed

  • 高照度光とメラトニンアゴニストを用いたアスリートの時差調整 時差9時間のアメリカ合衆国都市への遠征者2名の事例

    星川 雅子, 内田 直, 土肥 美智子

    日本睡眠学会定期学術集会プログラム・抄録集   40回   275 - 275  2015年07月

  • Effects of Five Nights under Normobaric Hypoxia on Sleep Quality.

    Masako Hoshikawa, Sunao Uchida, Takuya Osawa, Kazumi Eguchi, Takuma Arimitsu, Yasuhiro Suzuki, Takashi Kawahara

    Medicine and science in sports and exercise   47 ( 7 ) 1512 - 8  2015年07月  [国際誌]

     概要を見る

    PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of five nights' sleep under normobaric hypoxia on ventilatory acclimatization and sleep quality. METHODS: Seven men initially slept for six nights under normoxia and then for five nights under normobaric hypoxia equivalent to a 2000-m altitude. Nocturnal polysomnograms (PSGs), arterial blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), and respiratory events were recorded on the first and fifth nights under both conditions. RESULTS: The hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR), hypercapnic ventilatory response (HCVR), and resting end-tidal CO2 (resting PETCO2) were measured three times during the experimental period. The duration of slow-wave sleep (SWS: stage N3) and the whole-night delta (1-3 Hz) power of nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep EEG decreased on the first night under hypoxia. This hypoxia-induced sleep quality deterioration on the first night was accompanied by a lower mean and minimum SpO2, a longer time spent with SpO2 below 90% (<90% SpO2 time), and more episodes of respiratory disturbance. On the fifth night, the SWS duration and whole-night delta power did not differ between the conditions. Although the mean SpO2 under hypoxia was still lower than under normoxia, the minimum SpO2 increased, and the <90% SpO2 time and number of episodes of respiratory disturbance decreased during the five nights under hypoxia. The HVR increased and resting PETCO2 decreased after five nights under hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that five nights under hypoxia improves the sleep quality. This may be derived from improvements of respiratory disturbances, the minimum SpO2, and <90% SpO2 time.

    DOI PubMed

  • Response.

    Masako Hoshikawa, Sunao Uchida

    Medicine and science in sports and exercise   47 ( 7 ) 1546 - 1546  2015年07月  [国際誌]

    DOI PubMed

  • アスリートの不眠による睡眠薬、抗不安薬の適切な使用方法を考える

    錦織 功延, 土肥 美智子, 星川 雅子, 内田 直, 川原 貴

    日本薬学会年会要旨集   134年会 ( 4 ) 172 - 172  2014年03月

  • Sleep quality under mild hypoxia in men with low hypoxic ventilatory response.

    Masako Hoshikawa, Sunao Uchida, Masashi Ganeko, Junya Sumitomo, Masatsugu Totoki, Takuto Kojima, Yukiko Nakamura, Takashi Kawahara

    European journal of sport science   14 Suppl 1   S205-12  2014年  [国際誌]

     概要を見る

    The present study evaluated whether slow-wave sleep and whole-night delta power of the non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) decrease during sleep at a simulated altitude of 2000 m, and whether such changes related to measures of hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR). This study consisted of two parts; in the first, HVR was measured in 41 subjects and each seven subjects with the lowest or the highest HVR were selected for the subsequent sleep study. In the second part, polysomnogram, arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) and respiratory events are recorded on the selected subjects under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Hypoxia decreased SpO2 and increased respiratory disturbances for both groups. The low HVR group, but not the high HVR group, showed decreases in the whole-night delta power of NREM sleep EEG under hypoxia. On the other hand, two subjects in the high HVR group, who showed relatively high apnoea indices, also showed lower SpO2 nadirs and decreases in the whole-night delta power under hypoxia. These results suggest that acute hypoxia equivalent to that at a 2000 m altitude decreases slow-wave sleep in individuals that show low HVR. However, low HVR may not be the only, but one of some factors that decrease the whole-night delta power under hypoxia. Therefore, it was not sufficient to identify individuals likely to be susceptible to deteriorated sleep quality at a simulated altitude of 2000 m only using the HVR test. Other factors, which relate to respiratory instabilities, should be taken into consideration to identify them.

    DOI PubMed

  • アスリートによる睡眠障害における睡眠薬・抗不安薬服用の現状について

    錦織 功延, 土肥 美智子, 星川 雅子, 内田 直, 川原 貴

    日本臨床スポーツ医学会誌   21 ( 4 ) S158 - S158  2013年10月

  • Effect of 2 days of intensive resistance training on appetite-related hormone and anabolic hormone responses.

    Kazushige Goto, Kohei Shioda, Sunao Uchida

    Clinical physiology and functional imaging   33 ( 2 ) 131 - 6  2013年03月  [国際誌]

     概要を見る

    This study was designed to determine endocrine responses during 2 days of strenuous resistance training. Ten healthy men performed resistance training twice a day for two successive days to induce acute fatigue (excessive physical stress). The resistance training consisted of four exercises for the lower body in the morning and seven exercises for the upper body in the afternoon. Maximal isometric and isokinetic strengths were measured from day 1 (before the training period) to day 3 (after the training period). Fasting blood samples were taken on days 1-3. Maximal isometric and isokinetic strengths significantly decreased with two successive days of training (P<0·05), with significant increases in serum creatine phosphokinase and myoglobin concentrations (P<0·05). Significant reductions in the fasting concentrations of serum insulin-like growth factor-1, free testosterone, insulin and high-molecular-weight adiponectin were observed on day 3 (P<0·05), whereas there were no changes in the serum cortisol concentration or the free testosterone/cortisol ratio. Plasma active ghrelin and serum leptin concentrations decreased by -20·7 ± 2·8% and -29·6 ± 4·1%, respectively (P<0·05). Two days strenuous resistance training significantly affects the profiles of anabolic hormone and endocrine regulators of appetite and energy balance, such as ghrelin and leptin. The present findings suggest that decreased ghrelin and leptin concentrations might reflect excessive physical stress and may be early signs of accumulated fatigue.

    DOI PubMed

  • The effect of a daytime 2-hour nap on complex motor skill learning

    Yuko Morita, Keiko Ogawa, Sunao Uchida

    SLEEP AND BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS   10 ( 4 ) 302 - 309  2012年10月  [査読有り]

     概要を見る

    The present study examined whether three-ball cascade juggling was improved by sleep. To elucidate sleep functions related to motor memory consolidation, sleep EEG spectral analysis was performed for each recorded sleep stage. Sixteen female college students practiced juggling in the morning, and were tested immediately afterward. Eight of the subjects took a 2-hour nap after practice juggling (nap group), while another 8 stayed awake (control group). Juggling performance was then re-tested in the evening. Juggling performance improved after the 2-hour nap, while subjects in the control group did not show improvement. Slow oscillation, delta wave, and sigma wave EEG spectral power all increased significantly during non-REM sleep, especially during slow-wave sleep, after the post-motor learning nap (mNap) compared to an earlier baseline nap that preceded learning the task. Such EEG alterations have been suggested to relate to explicit declarative (hippocampus-dependent) memory consolidation; however, motor learning is considered to rely upon implicit procedural memory. We found that while sleep facilitated the consolidation of motor memory similar to that following real sport activities, the alterations in sleep EEG suggest that the initial motor learning of complex, highly coordinated 3-ball cascade juggling may involve substantial use of explicit memory.

    DOI

  • 常圧低酸素環境が競技選手の睡眠の質に及ぼす影響

    星川雅子, 内田直, 熊井康こ, 菅生貴之, 我如古雅志, 住友純也, 小嶋拓人, 十時正嗣, 川原貴

    日本疲労学会誌   7 ( 2 ) 26 - 30  2012年03月

    J-GLOBAL

  • Exercise effects on sleep physiology.

    Sunao Uchida, Kohei Shioda, Yuko Morita, Chie Kubota, Masashi Ganeko, Noriko Takeda

    Frontiers in neurology   3   48 - 48  2012年  [国際誌]

     概要を見る

    This mini-review focuses on the effects of exercise on sleep. In its early days, sleep research largely focused on central nervous system (CNS) physiology using standardized tabulations of several sleep-specific landmark electroencephalogram (EEG) waveforms. Though coarse, this method has enabled the observation and inspection of numerous uninterrupted sleep phenomena. The research on the effects of exercise on sleep began, in the 1960s, with a focus primarily on sleep related EEG changes (CNS sleep). Those early studies found only small effects of exercise on sleep. However, more recent sleep research has explored not only CNS functioning, but somatic physiology as well. Sleep should be affected by daytime exercise, as physical activity alters endocrine, autonomic nervous system (ANS), and somatic functions. Since endocrinological, metabolic, and autonomic changes can be measured during sleep, it should be possible to assess exercise effects on somatic physiology in addition to CNS sleep quality, evaluated by standard polysomnographic (PSG) techniques. Additional measures of somatic physiology have provided enough evidences to conclude that the auto-regulatory, global regulation of sleep is not the exclusive domain of the CNS, but it is heavily influenced by inputs from the rest of the body.

    DOI PubMed

  • A single versus multiple bouts of moderate-intensity exercise for fat metabolism.

    Kazushige Goto, Kiyoji Tanaka, Naokata Ishii, Sunao Uchida, Kaoru Takamatsu

    Clinical physiology and functional imaging   31 ( 3 ) 215 - 20  2011年05月  [国際誌]

     概要を見る

    This study compared the fat metabolism between 'a single bout of 30-min exercise' and 'three bouts of 10-min exercise' of the same intensity (60% maximal oxygen uptake) and total exercise duration (30 min). Nine healthy men participated in three trials: (1) a single 30-min bout of exercise (Single), (2) three 10-min bouts of exercise, separated by a 10-min rest (Repeated) and (3) rest (Rest). Each exercise was performed with a cycle ergometer at 60% of maximal oxygen uptake, followed by 180-min rest. Blood lactate concentration increased significantly after exercise in the Single and Repeated trials (P < 0.05), but the Single trial showed a significantly higher value during the recovery period (P < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in the responses of plasma glycerol concentration. The Repeated trial produced a smaller increase in the ratings of perceived exertion during the exercise (P < 0.01). During the exercise, no significant difference was observed in respiratory exchange ratio (RER) between the Single and Repeated trials. However, the RER values during the recovery period were significantly lower in the Repeated trial than in the Single and Rest trials (P < 0.05), indicating higher relative contribution of fat oxidation in the Repeated trial (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the repetition of 10-min of moderate exercise can contribute to greater exercise-induced fat oxidation compared with a single 30-min bout of continuous exercise.

    DOI PubMed

  • 前思春期男女児童の日常身体活動の特性と視覚性Go/Nogo課題応答性

    飯田悠佳子, 宮崎真, 関口浩文, 上田有吾, 鳥居俊, 内田直

    発育発達研究   ( 45 ) 1 - 10  2010年  [査読有り]

     概要を見る

    The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between cognitive functions and daily physical activities in primary school children. Subjects were 153 pupils (Age 6-12 years old), and visual Go/Nogo task for cognitive functions and parents questionnaire for daily physical activities were used.<br>As results, male children exhibited negative correlation between duration of exercise and information processing time, and positive correlation between duration of exercise and the number of false response. Female children exhibited positive correlation between time of indoor play and number of false response. All these correlations were statistically significant. Further in females, those who spent longer time in playing video games exhibited statistically shorter reaction time.<br>These findings suggested that the cognitive functions evaluated from visual Go/Nogo task were related to daily physical activities, especially the exercise and the indoor play. Further these factors and relationships could be different between males and females in preadolescent children.

    DOI CiNii

  • Sleep quality in athletes under normobaric hypoxia equivalent to 1500 m altitude: A polysomnographic study

    Masako Hoshikawa, Sunao Uchida, Takayuki Sugo, Yasuko Kumai, Yoshiteru Hanai, Takashi Kawahara

    EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE   10 ( 3 ) 191 - 198  2010年

     概要を見る

    In the present study, we evaluated the duration of slow-wave sleep (Stage 3 and 4) and total delta power ( 3Hz) in all-night non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep electroencephalograms (EEGs) of athletes during normobaric hypoxia at simulated altitudes of 1500 m. Seven male athletes slept for two nights in a normoxic condition and one night in an hypoxic condition equivalent to an altitude of 1500 m. Whole-night polysomnographic recordings, thoracic and abdominal motion, nasal and oral airflow, and blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) were recorded. Visual sleep stage scoring and fast Fourier transformation analyses of EEG were performed using 30-s epochs. Mean and minimum SpO2 decreased significantly during sleep in the hypoxic condition. Between groups, changes in heart rate, respiratory disturbance measures including apnoea and hypopnoea, slow-wave sleep and total delta power of the all-night NREM sleep EEG were small and non-significant for the hypoxic condition. However, individual difference in time at an SpO2 below 90% were large in the hypoxic condition, and both slow-wave sleep and total delta power of all-night NREM sleep EEG decreased in three participants who spent a prolonged time below 90% SpO2. The present results suggest that monitoring time below 90% SpO2 is recommended when studying individuals' living-high schedule even under hypoxic conditions equivalent to an altitude of 1500 m.

    DOI

  • Developmental changes in cognitive reaction time of children aged 6–12 years

    Yukako Iida, Makoto Miyazaki, Sunao Uchida

    European Journal of Sport Science   10 ( 3 ) 151 - 158  2010年

    DOI

  • Cerebral hemodynamics during maximal muscle contraction with visual feedback -A near-infrared spectroscopy study-

    Fukuda M, Miyazaki M, Uchida S

    International Journal of Sport and Health Science   6   230 - 237  2008年  [査読有り]

     概要を見る

    It is well known that visual feedback of exerted force enhances muscle force during maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). Based on the previous reports on the force exertion tasks and the other tasks using the visual feedback paradigm, we hypothesized that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is related to the enhancement of voluntary contraction force. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis and to identify the detail active regions in the PFC that correlates with the muscle force enhancement with visual feedback of exerted force, using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The cerebral blood flow of 11 male subjects was measured by NIRS during the MVC tasks with visual feedback of exerted torque (VFB) and without visual feedback (nVFB). As a result, both the elbow flexion torque during MVC and cerebral blood flow of the right PFC significantly increased under the VFB condition (p<0.05). In addition, the increased cerebral blood flow of the right PFC was correlated with the torque enhancement (p<0.05). The present results suggest that the right PFC is related to the increase of torque under the VFB condition. Since the PFC has a significant role in motivation, the enhancement of torque with visual feedback may be associated with such a function.

    DOI CiNii

  • 認知症病棟で発症した紫色蓄尿バッグ症候群(PUBS)6例の生化学的および細菌学的検討

    宗岡克政, 井川真理子, 栗原典子, 木田次郎, 三上智子, 石原勇, 内田淳子, 塩屋桐子, 内田直, 平沢秀人

    日本老年医学雑誌   45 ( 5 ) 511 - 519  2008年

    DOI PubMed

  • Changes in sleep quality of athletes under normobaric hypoxia equivalent to 2,000-m altitude: a polysomnographic study

    Masako Hoshikawa, Sunao Uchida, Takayuki Sugo, Yasuko Kumai, Yoshiteru Hanai, Takashi Kawahara

    JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY   103 ( 6 ) 2005 - 2011  2007年12月

     概要を見る

    Changes in sleep quality of athletes under normobaric hypoxia equivalent to 2,000-m altitude: a polysomnographic study. J Appl Physiol 103: 2005-2011, 2007. First published August 9, 2007; doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00315.2007.-This study evaluated the sleep quality of athletes in normobaric hypoxia at a simulated altitude of 2,000 m. Eight male athletes slept in normoxic condition (NC) and hypoxic conditions equivalent to those at 2,000-m altitude (HC). Polysomnographic recordings of sleep included the electroencephalogram (EEG), electrooculogram, chin surface electromyogram, and electrocardiogram. Thoracic and abdominal motion, nasal and oral airflow, and arterial blood oxygen saturation (Sa(O2)) were also recorded. Standard visual sleep stage scoring and fast Fourier transformation analyses of the EEG were performed on 30-s epochs. Subjective sleepiness and urinary catecholamines were also monitored. Mean SaO2 decreased and respiratory disturbances increased with HC. The increase in respiratory disturbances was significant, but the increase was small and subclinical. The duration of slow-wave sleep (stage 3 and 4) and total delta power (&lt; 3 Hz) of the all-night non-rapid eye movement sleep EEG decreased for HC compared with NC. Subjective sleepiness and amounts of urinary catecholamines did not differ between the conditions. These results indicate that acute exposure to normobaric hypoxia equivalent to that at 2,000-m altitude decreased slow-wave sleep in athletes, but it did not change subjective sleepiness or amounts of urinary catecholamines.

    DOI

  • Exercise and sleep

    Sunao Uchida, Shawn Youngstedt

    Sleep and Biological Rhythms   4 ( 3 ) 197  2006年10月

    DOI

  • Bayesian calibration of simultaneity in tactile temporal order judgment

    Makoto Miyazaki, Shinya Yamamoto, Sunao Uchida, Shigeru Kitazawa

    NATURE NEUROSCIENCE   9 ( 7 ) 875 - 877  2006年07月

     概要を見る

    Human judgment of the temporal order of two sensory signals is liable to change depending on our prior experiences. Previous studies have reported that signals presented at short intervals but in the same order as the most frequently repeated signal are perceived as occurring simultaneously. Here we report opposite perceptual changes that conform to a Bayesian integration theory in judging the order of two stimuli delivered one to each hand.

    DOI

  • High frequency activities in the human orbitofrontal cortex in sleep-wake cycle

    M Nishida, S Uchida, N Hirai, F Miwakeichi, T Maehara, K Kawai, H Shimizu, S Kato

    NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS   379 ( 2 ) 110 - 115  2005年05月

     概要を見る

    We recorded human orbitofrontal electrocorticogram during wakefulness and sleep in epileptic patients using subdural electrodes. During wakefulness and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, we observed beta activity in the raw orbitofrontal signals. Power spectral analysis demonstrated beta enhancement during wakefulness and REM sleep when compared to slow wave sleep (SWS). During the phasic REM periods, the beta power was significantly lower than during the tonic REM periods. Gamma enhancement manifested itself in four out of six subjects during the phasic periods. This study is the first that has focused on electrical activity in the human orbitofrontal cortex. Although the role of the orbitofrontal cortex during sleep still remains unclear, high frequency activities give us important suggestions in elucidating the human sleep mechanism. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

    DOI

  • Theta oscillation in the human anterior cingulate cortex during all-night sleep: an electrocorticographic study

    M Nishida, N Hirai, F Miwakeichi, T Maehara, K Kawai, H Shimizu, S Uchida

    NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH   50 ( 3 ) 331 - 341  2004年11月

     概要を見る

    Ten epileptic patients each with subdural electrodes surgically attached to the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC; two cases), the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC: seven cases), or both (one case) were included in this study. We recorded each patient's ACC or OFC electrocorticogram (ECoG) during the time period that the patient was awake and naturally asleep. We performed a Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) power spectral analysis on each ECoG to examine its frequency component. We found that the ACC showed regular and continuous theta oscillation (5-7Hz) during wakefulness and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, but not during slow wave sleep. Theta waves observed in REM sleep were not as distinct as those found in wakefulness. We also discovered that the orbitofrontal signals represented spectral peaks in the theta band only during wakefulness. This suggests the coexistence of theta oscillation in the ACC. Considering our previous observations of gamma and beta oscillations in the human hippocampus, we hypothesize that the human limbic system manifests two oscillatory activities. The results obtained in this study suggest that electrophysiological activity in the ACC could be related to particular psychological functions in wakefulness and in REM sleep. These results are useful in elucidating the human brain mechanism. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd and the Japan Neuroscience Society. All rights reserved.

    DOI

  • 高度1,500mと2,000m相当の常圧低酸素環境が競技選手の夜間睡眠構造に及ぼす影響

    星川 雅子, 菅生 貴之, 熊井 康こ, 花井 淑晃, 川原 貴, 内田 直

    スポーツ精神医学   1   A23 - A23  2004年09月

  • Delta and theta power spectra of night sleep EEG are higher in breast-feeding mothers than in non-pregnant women

    K Nishihara, S Horiuchi, H Eto, S Uchida, M Honda

    NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS   368 ( 2 ) 216 - 220  2004年09月

     概要を見る

    The power spectra of night sleep EEGs of 12 breast-feeding 9-13 week postpartum mothers were analyzed and compared with those of 12 non-pregnant women. The power spectra in the delta and theta frequency range during NREM sleep for breast-feeding mothers were significantly higher than those for non-pregnant women. In addition, the all-night sleep patterns of the mothers were classified into two groups - interrupted sleep due to taking care of their infants and non-interrupted sleep - in order to observe the influence of partial sleep deprivation. The power spectra in the delta and theta frequency range were not significantly different between them. This result suggests that increased delta and theta power spectra during postpartum sleep do not result from partial sleep deprivation. The role of prolactin in breast-feeding mothers' sleep is also discussed. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

    DOI

  • Impulse response function based on multivariate AR model can differentiate focal hemisphere in temporal lobe epilepsy

    F Miwakeichi, A Galka, S Uchida, H Arakaki, N Hirai, M Nishida, T Maehara, K Kawai, S Sunaga, H Shimizu

    EPILEPSY RESEARCH   61 ( 1-3 ) 73 - 87  2004年09月

     概要を見る

    The purpose of this study is to propose and investigate a new approach for discriminating between focal and non-focal hemispheres in intractable temporal lobe epilepsy, based on applying multivariate time series analysis to the discharge-free background brain activity observed in nocturnal electrocorticogram (ECoG) time series.
    Five unilateral focal patients and one bilateral focal patient were studied. In order to detect the location of epileptic foci, linear multivariate autoregressive (MAR) models were fitted to the ECoG data; as a new approach for the purpose of summarizing these models in a single relevant parameter, the behaviour of the corresponding impulse response functions was studied and described by an attenuation coefficient.
    In the majority of unilateral focal patients, the averaged attenuation coefficient was found to be almost always significantly larger in the focal hemisphere, as compared to the non-focal hemisphere. Also the amplitude of the fluctuations of the attenuation coefficient was significantly larger in the focal hemisphere. Moreover, in one patient showing a typical regular sleep cycle, the attenuation coefficient in the focal hemisphere tended to be larger during REM sleep and smaller during Non-REM sleep. In the bilateral focal patient, no statistically significant distinction between the hemispheres was found.
    This study provides encouraging results for new investigations of brain dynamics by multivariate parametric modeling. It opens up the possibility of relating diseases like epilepsy to the properties of inconspicuous background brain dynamics, without the need to record and analyze epileptic seizures or other evidently pathological waveforms. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

    DOI

  • Clonidine effects on all-night human sleep: Opposite action of low- and medium-dose clonidine on human NREM-REM sleep proportion

    S Miyazaki, S Uchida, J Mukai, K Nishihara

    PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES   58 ( 2 ) 138 - 144  2004年04月

     概要を見る

    Norepinephrine (NE) is considered to play a permissive role in the occurrence of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Clonidine is an NE alpha-2-receptor agonist, which has been considered to act mainly on the autoreceptors of presynaptic noradrenergic neurons to reduce their release of NE. However, previous studies of clonidine effects on REM sleep have produced controversial results and the effects of clonidine remain uncertain. To clarify the pharmacological effects of clonidine on human sleep, the sleep electroencephalograms (EEG) recorded from 15 young normal subjects after a single administration of either a low (25 mug) or medium (150 mug) dose of clonidine were examined, and fast Fourier transformation (FFT) spectral analyses of the C3-A2 EEG were performed. Low-dose clonidine significantly increased the amount of REM sleep and decreased the amount of non-REM (NREM) sleep during the second one-third of the drug nights compared to the corresponding hours of baseline night recordings. In contrast, medium-dose clonidine significantly decreased REM and increased NREM on drug nights compared to baseline nights in the entire night. The opposite actions of low and medium doses of clonidine on NREM-REM proportion may indicate that low-dose clonidine mainly affects the alpha-2-receptors on locus coeruleus-NE neurons presynaptically, reducing the release of NE, whereas medium-dose clonidine acts more post-synaptically.

    DOI

  • 健康づくりと快適な睡眠について

    東京都健康局 健康づくり担当者セミナー    2004年

  • スポーツと精神医学のかかわり

    第15回 東京女子医科大学 スポーツ健康医学研究会    2004年

  • MEG tomography of human cortex and brainstem activity in waking and REM sleep saccades

    AA Ioannides, M Corsi-Cabrera, PBC Fenwick, YD Portilla, NA Laskaris, A Khurshudyan, D Theofilou, T Shibata, S Uchida, T Nakabayashi, GK Kostopoulos

    CEREBRAL CORTEX   14 ( 1 ) 56 - 72  2004年01月

     概要を見る

    We recorded the magnetoencephalographic (MEG) signal from three subjects before, during and after eye movements cued to a tone, self-paced, awake and during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. During sleep we recorded the MEG signal throughout the night together with electroencephalographic (EEG) and electromyographic (EMG) channels to construct a hypnogram. While awake, just prior to and during eye movements, the expected well time-locked physiological activations were imaged in pontine regions, with early 3 s priming. Activity in the frontal eye fields (FEF) was identified in the 300 ms before the saccade onset. Visual cortex activation occurred 200 ms after saccades. During REM, compared to the eyes closed awake condition, activity was higher in supplementary motor area (SMA) and lower in inferior parietal and precuneus cortex. Electro-occulographic (EOG) activity just prior to REM saccades correlated with bilateral pontine and FEF activity some 250-400 ms before REM saccade onset, which in turn was preceded 200 ms earlier by reciprocal activation of the pons and FEF. An orbitofrontal-amygdalo-parahippocampal-pontine sequence, possibly related to emotional activation during REM sleep, was identified in the last 100 ms leading to the REM saccade, but not linked to saccade initiation.

    DOI

  • A case of micrographia after subcortical infarction: possible involvement of frontal lobe function

    M Nakamura, M Hamamoto, S Uchida, H Nagayama, S Amemiya, S Okubo, K Tanaka

    EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY   10 ( 5 ) 593 - 596  2003年09月

     概要を見る

    Most reports of micrographia associated with focal brain lesions have related this finding to damage in the left basal ganglia. Here we describe the case of a 68-year-old man presenting with reversible micrographia accompanied by hypophonia in the absence of extrapyramidal signs after cerebral infarction in the left subcortical region. At the time of the patient's admission, diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging sequence showed the lesion to principally involve the corona radiata, with some involvement of the putamen. Neurologically, mild right-sided brachiofacial hemiparesis and grasp reflexes - a frontal lobe sign - were observed. As his micrographia and hypophonia improved, the patient's grasp reflexes improved in parallel. In addition, recovery of regional cerebral blood flow in the left frontal lobe was confirmed by single photon emission computed tomography (technetium-99 m HMPAO). The present case suggests the possibility that the function of frontal-subcortical circuit might also be involved in the production and improvement of micrographia and that micrographia and hypophonia may share a common pathophysiology.

    DOI

  • Theta oscillation in the anterior cingulate and beta-1 oscillation in the medial temporal cortices: a human case report.

    Sunao Uchida, Taketoshi Maehara, Nobuhide Hirai, Kensuke Kawai, Hiroyuki Shimizu

    J Clin Neurosci   10 ( 3 ) 371 - 374  2003年05月  [査読有り]  [国際誌]

     概要を見る

    In previous studies we observed gamma (30-150 Hz) and beta-1 (10-20 Hz) oscillations in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) using subdural electrodes. The beta-1 was present during wake and REM sleep while gamma was present in all states. Recently we studied a patient (35 years M) with electrodes attached to the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). This structure showed regular theta (5-6 Hz) oscillations. In the first recording, electrodes were attached to the MTL, that demonstrated the beta-1 and gamma oscillations. Two months later, electrodes were placed on orbitofrontal and ACC and an all night sleep recording was carried out. The ACC exhibited a highly regular and continuous theta oscillation during wakefulness and REM sleep, but not during NREM sleep. Since this same subject showed beta-1 oscillations in the MTL, it is probable that the theta in the ACC is independent of beta-1 in the MTL. This single case suggests the existence of two different frequency oscillators in the human limbic system. Elucidating their functional roles will be an interesting challenge for future studies.

    PubMed

  • Theta oscillation in the anterior cingulate and β-1 oscillation in the medial temporal cortices: A human case report

    Uchida, S, Maehara, T, Hirai, N, Kawai, K, Shimizu, H

    Journal of Clinical Neuroscience   10 ( 3 ) 371 - 374  2003年05月

    DOI

  • Sleep spindles in human prefrontal cortex: an electrocorticographic study

    M Nakamura, S Uchida, T Maehara, K Kawai, N Hirai, T Nakabayashi, H Arakaki, Y Okubo, T Nishikawa, H Shimizu

    NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH   45 ( 4 ) 419 - 427  2003年04月

     概要を見る

    To investigate the sleep spindle activity of the human prefrontal cortex (PFC), we simultaneously recorded whole nights of polysomnographic and electrocorticographic (ECoG) activities during the natural sleep of epileptic patients. Subjects were nine patients with intractable epilepsy who had subdural electrodes surgically attached to the orbital (seven cases), medial (three cases), or dorsolateral (two cases) PFC, and in one case to the frontal pole. To examine spindle frequencies, fast Fourier transformation (FFT) and auto-correlation analyses were performed on the PFC ECoG and Cz EEG data, primarily on epochs of stage 2 sleep. Lower sigma band ECoG oscillations of about 12 Hz were widely distributed across all prefrontal cortical areas including the frontal limbic regions, but none of the PFC sigma frequency peaks coincided with the faster (about 14 Hz) Cz EEG sleep spindles. Combining our results with anatomical and electrophysiological facts, it is suggested that the thalamofrontal circuit involving the rostral reticular and the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus is responsible for the generation of 12 Hz frontal spindles in humans. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. and the Japan Neuroscience Society. All rights reserved.

    DOI

  • Spectral analysis of all-night human sleep EEG in narcoleptic patients and normal subjects

    J Mukai, S Uchida, S Miyazaki, K Nishihara, Y Honda

    JOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH   12 ( 1 ) 63 - 71  2003年03月

     概要を見る

    To investigate the pathophysiology of narcoleptic patients' sleep in detail, we analysed and compared the whole-night polysomnograms of narcoleptic patients and normal human subjects. Eight drug-naive narcoleptic patients and eight age-matched normal volunteers underwent polysomnography (PSG) on two consecutive nights. In addition to conventional visual scoring of the polysomnograms, rapid eye movement (REM)-density and electroencephalograph (EEG) power spectra analyses were also performed. Sleep onset REM periods and fragmented nocturnal sleep were observed as expected in our narcoleptic patients. In the narcoleptic patients, REM period duration across the night did not show the significant increasing trend that is usually observed in normal subjects. In all narcoleptic patient REM periods, eye movement densities were significantly increased. The power spectra of narcoleptic REM sleep significantly increased between 0.3 and 0.9 Hz and decreased between 1.0 and 5.4 Hz. Further analysis revealed that non-rapid eye movement (NREM) period duration and the declining trend of delta power density in the narcoleptic patients were not significantly different from the normal subjects. Compared with normal subjects, the power spectra of narcoleptic NREM sleep increased in the 1.0-1.4 Hz and 11.0-11.9 Hz frequency bands, and decreased in a 24.0-26.9 Hz frequency band. Thus, increased EEG delta and decreased beta power densities were commonly observed in both the NREM and REM sleep of the narcoleptic patients, although the decrease in beta power during REM sleep was not statistically significant. Our visual analysis revealed fragmented nocturnal sleep and increased phasic REM components in the narcoleptic patients, which suggest the disturbance of sleep maintenance mechanism(s) and excessive effects of the mechanism(s) underlying eye movement activities during REM sleep in narcolepsy. Spectral analysis revealed significant increases in delta components and decreases in beta components, which suggest decreased activity in central arousal mechanisms. These characteristics lead us to hypothesize that two countervailing mechanisms underlie narcoleptic sleep pathology.

    DOI

  • Spectral analysis of all-night human sleep EEG in narcoleptic patients and normal subjects

    J Mukai, S Uchida, S Miyazaki, K Nishihara, Y Honda

    JOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH   12 ( 1 ) 63 - 71  2003年03月

     概要を見る

    To investigate the pathophysiology of narcoleptic patients' sleep in detail, we analysed and compared the whole-night polysomnograms of narcoleptic patients and normal human subjects. Eight drug-naive narcoleptic patients and eight age-matched normal volunteers underwent polysomnography (PSG) on two consecutive nights. In addition to conventional visual scoring of the polysomnograms, rapid eye movement (REM)-density and electroencephalograph (EEG) power spectra analyses were also performed. Sleep onset REM periods and fragmented nocturnal sleep were observed as expected in our narcoleptic patients. In the narcoleptic patients, REM period duration across the night did not show the significant increasing trend that is usually observed in normal subjects. In all narcoleptic patient REM periods, eye movement densities were significantly increased. The power spectra of narcoleptic REM sleep significantly increased between 0.3 and 0.9 Hz and decreased between 1.0 and 5.4 Hz. Further analysis revealed that non-rapid eye movement (NREM) period duration and the declining trend of delta power density in the narcoleptic patients were not significantly different from the normal subjects. Compared with normal subjects, the power spectra of narcoleptic NREM sleep increased in the 1.0-1.4 Hz and 11.0-11.9 Hz frequency bands, and decreased in a 24.0-26.9 Hz frequency band. Thus, increased EEG delta and decreased beta power densities were commonly observed in both the NREM and REM sleep of the narcoleptic patients, although the decrease in beta power during REM sleep was not statistically significant. Our visual analysis revealed fragmented nocturnal sleep and increased phasic REM components in the narcoleptic patients, which suggest the disturbance of sleep maintenance mechanism(s) and excessive effects of the mechanism(s) underlying eye movement activities during REM sleep in narcolepsy. Spectral analysis revealed significant increases in delta components and decreases in beta components, which suggest decreased activity in central arousal mechanisms. These characteristics lead us to hypothesize that two countervailing mechanisms underlie narcoleptic sleep pathology.

    DOI

  • Long-, intermediate- and short-acting benzodiazepine effects on human sleep EEG spectra

    Tan, X, S Uchida, M Matsuura, K Nishihara, T Kojima

    PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES   57 ( 1 ) 97 - 104  2003年02月

     概要を見る

    The effects of 10 mg haloxazolam (HAX), 4 mg flunitrazepam (FNZ), and 0.5 mg triazolam (TRI), each administered for seven consecutive nights were studied in the sleep electroencephalograms (EEG) of 17 (six HAX, five FNZ and six TRI) healthy male student volunteers. Recordings of C3-A1 EEG data from one baseline night, three drug nights (first, fourth and seventh) and two withdrawal nights (second and fourth) were analyzed using a fast Fourier transformation method. All three drugs induced similar changes in the 0.5 Hz to 40 Hz power spectrum; namely (i) higher frequency (including the sigma and beta bands) activity increased and lower frequency activity reduced on the drug nights; (ii) the enhancement of sigma activity peaked during non-rapid eye movement sleep following the first administration and was maintained at high levels on all drug nights; (iii) beta activity increased through the night after administration of HAX and FNZ, but not TRI, which suggests a blood concentration level dependent increase of beta activity; and (iv) only HAX showed a residual effect on the fourth withdrawal night. These results indicate that (i) chronic administration of these three benzodiazepine derivatives produce similar profiles in sleep EEG spectral changes, with some differences depending on their half-lives and doses; (ii) the mechanism of sigma enhancement is sensitive to even the initial administration night of BDZ; and (iii) frequencies below and above the sigma band are less sensitive to BDZ and also show an increase through the night after administration, suggesting differences in the mechanisms reflected by these EEG frequency bands.

    DOI

  • Correlation between electroencephalography and heart rate variability during sleep

    M Ako, T Kawara, S Uchida, S Miyazaki, K Nishihara, J Mukai, K Hirao, J Ako, Y Okubo

    PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES   57 ( 1 ) 59 - 65  2003年02月

     概要を見る

    It is known that autonomic nervous activities change in correspondence with sleep stages. However, the characteristics of continuous fluctuations in nocturnal autonomic nerve tone have not been clarified in detail. The study aimed to determine the possible correlation between the electroencephalogram (EEG) and autonomic nervous activities, and to clarify in detail the nocturnal fluctuations in autonomic nerve activities. Overnight EEGs and electrocardiograms of seven healthy males were obtained. These EEGs were analyzed by fast Fourier transformation algorithm to extract delta, sigma and beta power. Heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV) were calculated in consecutive 5-min epochs. The HRV indices of low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF) and LF/HF ratio were calculated from the spectral analysis of R-R intervals. The sleep stages were manually scored according to Rechtschaffen and Kales' criteria. Low frequency and LF/HF were significantly lower during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) than REM, and were lower in stages 3 and 4 than in stages 1 and 2. Furthermore, delta EEG showed inverse correlations with LF (r = - 0.44, P &lt; 0.001) and LF/HF (r = - 0.41, P &lt; 0.001). In contrast, HF differed neither between REM and NREM nor among NREM sleep stages. Detailed analysis revealed that correlation was evident from the first to third NREM, but not in the fourth and fifth NREM. Delta EEG power showed negative correlations with LF and LF/HF, suggesting that sympathetic nervous activities continuously fluctuate in accordance with sleep deepening and lightening.

    DOI

  • [Impaired sleep-related penile erections].

    Sunao Uchida

    Ryoikibetsu shokogun shirizu   ( 39 ) 184 - 5  2003年  [国内誌]

    PubMed

  • [Sleep-related painful erections].

    Sunao Uchida

    Ryoikibetsu shokogun shirizu   ( 39 ) 186 - 186  2003年  [国内誌]

    PubMed

  • 競技性の高い知的障害者スポーツの現状と問題点

    日本社会精神医学会雑誌   22; 2  2003年

  • The relationship between the visually evoked P300 event-related potential and gamma band oscillation in the human medial and basal temporal lobes - An electrocorticographic study

    N Watanabe, N Hirai, T Maehara, K Kawai, H Shimizu, F Miwakeichi, S Uchida

    NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH   44 ( 4 ) 421 - 427  2002年12月

     概要を見る

    We have recorded electrocorticographic activities (ECoG) from subdural electrodes on the human medial temporal lobe (MTL) and basal temporal lobe (BTL) in epileptic patients during cognitive visual tasks designed to evoke the P300 event related potential (ERP). From those recordings we examined the event related gamma band oscillation (ERGBO) and P300 ERP. While P300 was predominantly observed in the MTL, ERGBO was observed in both MTL and BTL. Resembling to P300, ERGBO responses were more often observed following rare stimuli than frequent stimuli. In average responses the ERGBO to rare stimuli followed P300, beginning at 440.5 ms and continuing for about 100 ms. Past studies suggest P300 ERP component reflects a role in cognitive function. Since ERGBO in the present study appeared in different regions and at a different latency from P300, ERGBO may reflect a different physiological role in the cognitive process. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd and the Japan Neuroscience Society. All rights reserved.

    DOI

  • The development of infants' circadian rest-activity rhythm and mothers' rhythm

    K Nishihara, S Horiuchi, H Eto, S Uchida

    PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR   77 ( 1 ) 91 - 98  2002年09月

     概要を見る

    In order to know when and how infants obtain their circadian sleep-wake rhythm, infants' developing circadian rest-activity rhythm and mothers' circadian rhythm in the postpartum period were examined using actigraph monitoring. The subjects were l 1 primipara and their infants. Actigraphic recordings for the infants and their mothers were made over 3-5 continuous days during the 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th weeks after birth. A 24-h peak on a mean autocorrelogram of the infants' movements was detected at the 3rd week. The infants' circadian rest-activity, rhythm already existed in the 3rd week. The amplitude of this 24-h peak gradually increased from the 6th to 12th week. This may be useful as an index of the development of infants' circadian rest-activity rhythm. An 11-h peak was also observed at the 3rd week. This 11-h peak was thought to be a semi-circadian rhythm. Regarding the mothers, the amplitude of the 24-h peak on the mean autocorrelogram at the 3rd week was the smallest of all other weeks, and it became larger from the 3rd to 12th week. This meant that the mothers' circadian rhythm at the 3rd week was influenced by their interrupted sleep at night to take care of their infants. The mother-infant synchronization is probably the 1st factor in the entrainment of infants' circadian sleep-wake rhythm. In this study, we also propose a novel method for compensating for missing data in autocorrelogram analysis. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.

    DOI

  • Human medial temporal lobe gamma and beta-1 activities and their physiological significances

    S. Uchida, N. Hirai, N. Watanabe, F. Miwakeichi, T. Maehara, K. Kawai, H. Shimizu

    International Congress Series   1232 ( C ) 827 - 835  2002年04月  [査読有り]

     概要を見る

    The medial temporal lobe (MTL) is known to play important roles in learning and memory in both humans and animals. Some investigators have proposed that the rhythmic slow activity (RSA) or theta that can be recorded in an animal hippocampus is related to learning and memory. It is unclear whether the human hippocampus displays a similar activity. In the past few years, we have studied electrophysiological properties of the human medial temporal lobe (MTL) during wake and all-night sleep. In this paper, we will summarize our results in the electrophysiology of the human medial temporal lobe during sleep and wake and discuss their physiological significances. Electrocorticograms (ECoG) during wake, slow wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep were subjected to fast Fourier transformation (FFT) analysis. During wake, two peaks, beta-1 (10–20 Hz) and gamma (30–150 Hz) were consistently observed across the subjects. In SWS, the beta-1 peak disappeared but gamma remained although slightly reduced. During REM sleep, beta-1 appeared again, but the peak frequency was slightly lower than that during wake. The gamma peak was also present in REM sleep. These results indicate similarities in the human MTL gamma and beta-1 when compared to animal gamma and RSA in the hippocampus. Thus, this suggests the functional significances of these two MTL oscillations in relation to learning and memory throughout wake and sleep. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.

    DOI

  • [Competitiveness in sports activities of the psychiatrically disabled].

    Sunao Uchida, Takashi Takahata, Shinichi Miyazaki

    Seishin shinkeigaku zasshi = Psychiatria et neurologia Japonica   104 ( 12 ) 1242 - 8  2002年  [国内誌]

     概要を見る

    In 2002, psychiatrically disabled athletes joined an historic first open game of volleyball at the national sports games for the disabled. Compared to the competitive sports and Paralympic Games that physically and intellectually disabled athletes have participated in, activities for the psychiatrically disabled have not been well-organized. In this paper, we examine a number of problems that have arisen when the psychiatrically disabled joined competitive sports games. We identify two major characteristics of the psychiatrically disabled of particular relevance when organizing competitive sports activities. First, all psychiatrically disabled athletes need treatment of their individual diseases. For example, psychiatric symptoms fluctuate markedly over time, unlike physical or intellectual disabilities, whose symptoms are much more stable. Exacerbations of psychiatric illness are also likely to occur due to the stresses of competitiveness. Second, psychiatric disabilities are manifestations of disorders in the central nervous system, which makes the classification of psychiatric disabilities less straightforward than classification of the physically disabled. These two characteristics require special attention when organizing competitive athletic challenges that include the psychiatrically disabled. However, promoting sports activities that include the psychiatrically disabled would be expected to reduce the prejudice toward and subsequent social disadvantages experienced by psychiatric patients. Thus, with careful planning to successfully integrate psychiatrically disabled athletes, we expect increased promotion of such sports activities in the future.

    PubMed

  • 精神障害者スポーツと競技性

    精神神経医学雑誌   104  2002年

  • Comparisons of sleep patterns between mothers in postpartum from nine to twelve weeks and non-pregnant women

    NISHIHARA K, HORIUCHI S, ETO H, UCHIDA S

    Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences   55 ( 3 ) 227 - 228  2001年07月  [査読有り]

     概要を見る

    In order to evaluate two patterns of interrupted and non-interrupted sleep for the post-partum mothers from 9 to 12 weeks after delivery, we compared them with sleep patterns of non-pregnant women. Subjects were 10 primipara and 12 non-pregnant women. Their polysomnographic recordings were made using a Medilog recorder at home. In interrupted sleep, low sleep efficiency, decreased total sleep time, and a decreased percentage of stage 2 were significantly observed compared with non-pregnant women. Sleep parameters of non-interrupted sleep, except for increased percentage of stage 4, did not show any significant differences from non-pregnant women. Mothers&#039; sleep fluctuated between interrupted sleep similar to the early post-partum sleep from 1 to 6 weeks and non-interrupted sleep with increased stage 4.

    DOI PubMed J-GLOBAL

  • Monozygotic twins incompletely concordant for narcolepsy

    M Honda, Y Honda, S Uchida, S Miyazaki, K Tokunaga

    BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY   49 ( 11 ) 943 - 947  2001年06月

     概要を見る

    Background: Among 15 monozygotic twin pairs described in the literature, only four pairs were considered to be concordant There is no derailed report of HLA-DRB1*1501/DQBI*0602 positive monozygotic twins concordant for narcolepsy, with marked difference in the age of onset.
    Methods: We compared a pair of female narcoleptic twins clinically.
    Results: Diagnosis of narcolepsy and monozygosity of the twins were confirmed. The second-born twin demonstrated a typical course of narcolepsy, whereas the first-born twin had a very late onset of recurrent daytime sleep episodes at age 45 and cataplexy at age 50 years, which was apparently triggered by chronic emotional stresses and sleep insufficiency.
    Conclusions: The atypical course of narcolepsy in the first-bent twin supports the multifactorial model for the development of narcolepsy. It was noted that cataplexy was preceded by sustained polyphasic sleep conditions. Our observation implies that the unaffected co-twins in discordant pairs could develop narcolepsy in stressful situations later in their lives. (C) 2001 Society of Biological Psychiatry.

    DOI

  • Human Medial Temporal LobeElectrical Activities across Sleep and Wake.- an Electrocorticogram Study

    The 12th Congress of International Society for Brain Electromagnetic Topography    2001年03月

  • Absence of sleep spindles in human medial and basal temporal lobes

    T Nakabayashi, S Uchida, T Maehara, N Hirai, M Nakamura, H Arakaki, H Shimisu, Y Okubo

    PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES   55 ( 1 ) 57 - 65  2001年02月

     概要を見る

    All-night recordings from subdural electrocorticographic (ECoG) electrodes on the human medial and basal temporal lobes were analysed to examine spindling activities during sleep. Subjects were three males and three females who were candidates for neurosurgical treatments of partial epilepsy. Subdural electrodes were attached to the medial and basal temporal lobe cortices, allowing ECoG and electroencephalogram from the scalp vertex (Cz EEG) to be recorded simultaneously during all night sleep. In one case, subdural electrodes were attached also on the parietal lobe. Fast Fourier transformation (FFT) analyses were performed on the ECoG and Cz EEG signals. No organized sleep spindles or sigma band (12-16 Hz) peaks in FFT power spectra were observed from the medial or basal temporal lobes of the non-epileptogenic hemispheres during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. In a case with parietal electrodes, organized spindle bursts were observed in parietal signals synchronized with Cz spindles. Although delta band (0.3-3 Hz) power from both the medial and basal temporal lobes fluctuated across each night as expected, sigma activity changed little. However, 14 Hz oscillatory bursts were observed in the medial basal temporal lobe of epileptogenic hemisphere in two cases and bilaterally in one case during not only NREM sleep but rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and wakefulness. From the present study we conclude that sleep spindle activities are absent in the medial and basal temporal lobes. Fourteen Hz oscillatory bursts observed from the medial or basal temporal lobe in some cases were not considered to be sleep spindles since they also appeared during REM sleep and wakefulness. These waveforms could have originated due to epileptic pathology, since they frequently appeared in epileptic regions.

    DOI

  • Cortical oscillations in human medial temporal lobe during wakefulness and all-night sleep

    S Uchida, T Maehara, N Hirai, Y Okubo, H Shimizu

    BRAIN RESEARCH   891 ( 1-2 ) 7 - 19  2001年02月

     概要を見る

    We have recorded human medial temporal lobe electrocorticogram during wakefulness and natural sleep in epileptic patients with subdural electrodes. From these recordings, we have found gamma (30-150 Hz) [Neuroscience 90 (1999) 1149] and beta-1 (10-20 Hz) [NeuroReport 10 (1999) 3055] activities during wakefulness in human medial temporal lobe. In this paper, we will report changes of these frequencies across wake and natural sleep. Electrocorticograms during wake, slow wave sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep were subjected to fast Fourier transformation analysis. During wake two spectral enhancements, beta-1 and gamma, were consistently observed across subjects. In the raw signal, beta-1 was observed as a regular rhythmic oscillation. In slow wave sleep, the beta-1 peak disappeared but gamma remained, although slightly reduced in power. During REM sleep, beta-1 appeared again, but the peak frequency was significantly lower than during wake (mean frequency: wake=16.6, REM=12.8 Hz). The gamma peak was also present in REM sleep. It has been known that the rhythmic slow activity (RSA) or theta is observed in some animals. However, it is unclear whether the human hippocampus displays similar activity. Since human beta-1 appears during wake and REM sleep when RSA is observed in other species, and since beta-1 is also a regular rhythmic oscillation, we propose that beta-1 may be the functional equivalent of hippocampal RSA (theta) observed in some animals. Functional significances of the gamma activity should be further investigated. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science BN. All rights reserved.

    DOI

  • Absence of sleep spindles in human medial and basal temporal lobes

    Tetsuo Nakabayashi, Sunao Uchida, Taketoshi Maehara, Nobuhide Hirai, Motoaki Nakamura, Hiroshi Arakaki, Hiroyuki Shimisu, Yoshiro Okubo

    Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences   55 ( 1 ) 57 - 65  2001年

     概要を見る

    All-night recordings from subdural electrocorticographic (ECoG) electrodes on the human medial and basal temporal lobes were analysed to examine spindling activities during sleep. Subjects were three males and three females who were candidates for neurosurgical treatments of partial epilepsy. Subdural electrodes were attached to the medial and basal temporal lobe cortices, allowing ECoG and electroencephalogram from the scalp vertex (Cz EEG) to be recorded simultaneously during all night sleep. In one case, subdural electrodes were attached also on the parietal lobe. Fast Fourier transformation (FFT) analyses were performed on the ECoG and Cz EEG signals. No organized sleep spindles or sigma band (12-16 Hz) peaks in FFT power spectra were observed from the medial or basal temporal lobes of the non-epileptogenic hemispheres during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. In a case with parietal electrodes, organized spindle bursts were observed in parietal signals synchronized with Cz spindles. Although delta band (0.3-3 Hz) power from both the medial and basal temporal lobes fluctuated across each night as expected, sigma activity changed little. However, 14 Hz oscillatory bursts were observed in the medial basal temporal lobe of epileptogenic hemisphere in two cases and bilaterally in one case during not only NREM sleep but rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and wakefulness. From the present study we conclude that sleep spindle activities are absent in the medial and basal temporal lobes. Fourteen Hz oscillatory bursts observed from the medial or basal temporal lobe in some cases were not considered to be sleep spindles since they also appeared during REM sleep and wakefulness. These waveforms could have originated due to epileptic pathology, since they frequently appeared in epileptic regions.

    DOI PubMed

  • Does hippocampal theta exist in the human brain?

    Neurobiology of Sleep-Wakefulness Cycle   1  2001年

  • Response to the comments of Drs. Robert Bodizs, Anna Szucs, Peter Halasz (Letter)

    Neurobiology of Sleep-Wakefulness Cycle   1  2001年

  • Benign adult familial myoclonus epilepsy with depressive state: A case report

    M Nishida, M Kato, S Uchida, T Onuma

    NEUROLOGY PSYCHIATRY AND BRAIN RESEARCH   9 ( 1 ) 37 - 40  2001年

     概要を見る

    Benign adult familial myoclonus epilepsy (BAFME) is a rare epileptic disease that has predominantly been reported in the Japanese population. To date, there have been no reports of psychotic symptoms in BAFME patients. We recently encountered one patient with BAFME accompanied by an apparently related major depressive episode. The depressive state did not improve after trials of several antidepressive agents, including clomipramine, fluvoxamine and alprazolam. However, clonazapam was very effective and immediately improved both the affective disorder and epileptic symptoms. Electroencephalographic (EEG) findings also improved, reflected by normalization of background activity and spikey waves. This clinical course could indicate that the depressive state derived from epileptic pathophysiology.

  • ヒトの前頭前野における睡眠紡錘波の性質

    第30回日本臨床神経生理学会学術大会 京都    2000年12月

  • 表面脳波、皮質脳波を用いたヒト大脳皮質における覚醒睡眠時の脳波律動

    第30回日本臨床神経生理学会学術大会 京都    2000年12月

  • What can we know from human electrocorticogram recording during all-night sleep?

    Pre-congress Training Workshop Lecture Salaya, Thailand    2000年12月

  • Computer analysis of sleep EEG: across-night patterns of EEG spectrum and their physiological significance

    Pre-congress Training Workshop Lecture Salaya, Thailand    2000年12月

  • Human medial temporal lobe electrical activities across sleep and waking: an electrocorticogram study

    Pre-congress Training Workshop Seminar    2000年12月

  • Focus group: Brain Imaging during sleep

    The Third Asian Sleep Research Meeting (Bangkok, Thailand)    2000年12月

  • Plenary lecture: Brain electrical activities and imaging during sleep

    The Third Asian Sleep Research Meeting (Bangkok, Thailand)    2000年12月

  • Effect of low dose clonidine on human sleep

    Associated Professional Sleep Societies 14th Annual Meeting, Las Vegas    2000年06月

  • Sleep spindles in human prefrontal cortex

    Associated Professional Sleep Societies 14th Annual Meeting, Las Vegas    2000年06月

  • Changes of interictal spikes in the medial temporal lobe in all-night sleep recordings in partial epilepsy with subdural electrodes.

    Associated Professional Sleep Societies 14th Annual Meeting, Las Vegas    2000年06月

  • EEG theta oscillations observed from subdural electrodes in the anterior cingulate cortex

    Associated Professional Sleep Societies 14th Annual Meeting, Las Vegas    2000年06月

  • Mothers' wakefulness at night in the post-partum period is related to their infants' circadian sleep-wake rhythm

    K Nishihara, S Horiuchi, H Eto, S Uchida

    PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES   54 ( 3 ) 305 - 306  2000年06月

     概要を見る

    The relationship between a post-partum mother's wakefulness at night and her infant's circadian sleep-wake rhythm was examined. The subjects were seven primipara and their infants. Actigraphic recordings for the mothers and their infants were made over three to five continuous days during Weeks 3, 6, 9 and 12. A 24-h peak of autocorrelograms of the infants' movements appeared in two cases at Week 6, in six cases at Week 9, and in seven cases at Week 12. The mothers' night-time movements significantly decreased from Week 3 to Week 12. Mothers' wakefulness during night sleep in the post-partum period is related to their infants' obtaining circadian sleep-wake rhythm.

    DOI

  • 精神症状を呈したBAFMEの一症例

    第30回日本臨床神経生理学会学術大会 京都    2000年03月

  • ヒトの大脳皮質ガンマ帯域オシレーション

    脳の科学   22  2000年

  • 発達と老化による睡眠の変化とその生理学的意味付け

    精神医学   42(12)  2000年

    DOI

  • ANALISI COMPUTERIZZATA E SIGNIFICATI FISIOLOGICI DELL'EEG DEL SONNO (Computerized sleep EEG analysis and their physiological significances).

    MEDICINA DEL SONNO (Italian Sleep Research Society Newsletter)   2  2000年

  • Suppression of gamma activity in the human medial temporal lobe by sevoflurane anesthesia

    S Uchida, H Nakayama, T Maehara, N Hirai, H Arakaki, M Nakamura, T Nakabayashi, H Shimizu

    NEUROREPORT   11 ( 1 ) 39 - 42  2000年01月

     概要を見る

    We have reported the presence of continuous gamma (30-150 Hz) activity in the human medial temporal lobe (MTL). Since the MTL is involved in learning and memory, we speculated that MTL gamma activity is related to such higher brain functions. It is thus of interest to learn how this activity changes during different states of consciousness. In this study, we recorded electrocorticographic (ECoG) activity directly from the surface of the MTL after various doses of sevoflurane anesthesia. Five epileptic patients underwent electrode placement operations in which electrodes were attached to the surfaces of the MTL and the basal temporal robe (BTL). Immediately following the operation ECoG was recorded from each patient under four concentrations of sevoflurane anesthesia (1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0%). Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis was performed on the MTL ECoGs. Under the lowest sevoflurane concentration, MTL gamma activity was observed in all patients. However, gamma activity was progressively suppressed by increased concentrations of sevoflurane,in a dose-dependent manner. Sevoflurane has been known to reduce neuronal excitability in the rat hippocampus in vitro, probably by changing GABAergic inhibition. The reduction of MTL gamma in the present study may be the result of such a mechanism. Although memory function was not tested in this study, the amount of MTL gamma activity may be related to residual memory function during anesthesia. NeuroReport 11:39-42 (C) 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

  • 吸入麻酔薬セボフルレンによる側頭葉内側部ガンマ活動の変化

    第29回日本脳波・筋電図学会学術大会 東京    1999年11月

  • 発達と老化による睡眠の変化

    第28回精神研シンポジウム 東京    1999年11月

  • 皮質脳波における睡眠紡錘波の分布(2)-側頭葉外側およびその周辺

    第29回日本脳波・筋電図学会学術大会 東京    1999年11月

  • 皮質脳波における睡眠紡錘波の分布(1)-側頭葉内側及び下面

    第29回日本脳波・筋電図学会学術大会 東京    1999年11月

  • ヒトの後頭葉皮質におけるガンマオシレーション

    第29回日本脳波・筋電図学会学術大会 東京    1999年11月

  • 硬膜下電極による局在関連性てんかんの発作間欠期てんかん性放電(IED)の頻度と睡眠ステージの関係

    第29回日本脳波・筋電図学会学術大会 東京    1999年11月

  • 硬膜下電極による皮質脳波の解析 シンポジウムVIII「てんかん外科と頭骸内脳波記録」

    第29回日本脳波・筋電図学会学術大会 東京    1999年11月

  • Monozygotic twins incompletely concordant for narcolepsy

    The Third International Congress of Sleep Research, Dresden (Germany)    1999年10月

  • Mother's wakefulness at night in the postpartum period relates to a process of their infants' circadian sleep-wake rhythm

    The Third International Congress of Sleep Research, Dresden (Germany)    1999年10月

  • Sleep spindle in human orbitofrontal cortex

    The Third International Congress of Sleep Research, Dresden (Germany)    1999年10月

  • Presentation and discussion at Focus Group Session "Human sleep EEG and thalamocortical activity: theory and modelling"

    The Third International Congress of Sleep Research, Dresden (Germany)    1999年10月

  • Beta-1 (10-20 Hz) cortical oscillations observed in the human medial temporal lobe

    N Hirai, S Uchida, T Maehara, Y Okubo, H Shimizu

    NEUROREPORT   10 ( 14 ) 3055 - 3059  1999年09月

     概要を見る

    DURING wakefulness, signals from subdural electrodes attached to the basal and medial temporal lobes of adult human epilepsy patients revealed a rhythmic oscillation in the beta-1 frequency range (10-20 Hz). This activity was more prominent in the medial than in the basal temporal cortex. We also observed simultaneous oscillations in alpha frequency activity in the medial and the basal::temporal cortices. In an eyes-open condition, the alpha oscillation was attenuated, while the beta-1 oscillation in the medial temporal lobe was not. This is the first report that the beta-1 oscillation is present in the human medial temporal lobe. Since we recorded this activity from within the limbic system, beta-1 activity may be an analog of the hippocampal rhythmic slow activity observed in some animals. (C) 1999 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

  • A comparison of period amplitude analysis and FFT power spectral analysis of all-night human sleep EEG

    S Uchida, Feinberg, I, JD March, Y Atsumi, T Maloney

    PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR   67 ( 1 ) 121 - 131  1999年08月

     概要を見る

    Zero-cross and zero-derivative period amplitude analysis (PAA) data were compared with power spectral analysis (PSA) data obtained with the fast Fourier transform in all-night sleep EEG from 10 subjects. Although PAA zero-cross-integrated amplitude showed good agreement with PSA power in 0.3-2 Hz, zero-cross analysis appears relatively ineffective in measuring 2-4 Hz and above waves. However, PAA zero-derivative measures of peak-trough amplitude correlated well with PSA power in 2-4 Hz. Thus, while PAA appears able to measure the entire EEG spectrum, the analytic technique should be changed from zero cross to zero derivative at about 2 Hz in human sleep EEG. PAA and PSA both demonstrate robust and interrelated across-night oscillations in three frequency bands: delta (0.3-4 Hz); sigma (12-16 Hz); and fast beta (20-40 Hz). The frequencies between delta and sigma, and between sigma and fast beta, did not show clear across-night oscillations using either method, and the two methods showed lower epoch-to-epoch agreement in these intermediate bands. The causes of this reduced agreement are not immediately clear, nor is it obvious which method gives more valid results. We believe that the three strongly oscillating frequency bands represent fundamental properties of the human sleep EEG that provide important clues to underlying physiological mechanisms. These mechanisms are more likely to be understood if their dynamic properties are preserved and measured naturalistically rather than being forced into arbitrary sleep stages or procrustean models. Both PAA and PSA can be employed for such naturalistic studies. PSA has the advantages of applying the same analytic method across the EEG spectrum and rests on more fully developed theory. Combined zero-cross and zero-derivative PAA demonstrates EEG oscillations that closely parallel those observed with spectral power, and the PAA measures do not rely on assumptions about the spectral composition of the signal. In addition, both PAA techniques can measure the relative contributions of wave amplitude and incidence to total power. These waveform characteristics represent different biological processes and respond differentially to a wide range of experimental conditions. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Inc.

    DOI

  • 産褥3週から12週までの母親の睡眠中の中途の覚醒と子供の概日リズム形成との関係

    日本睡眠学会第24回学術集会, 広島    1999年06月

  • 生後5週から12週までのこどもの睡眠日誌の分析

    日本睡眠学会第24回学術集会, 広島    1999年06月

  • 一卵性双生児のナルコレプシー不完全一致例

    日本睡眠学会第24回学術集会, 広島    1999年06月

  • クロニジン微量投与時のヒトの睡眠構造の変化

    日本睡眠学会第24回学術集会, 広島    1999年06月

  • 脳外科領域に見られる人の脳の柔軟性

    脳の科学   21  1999年

  • ストレスと睡眠

    「臨床精神医学講座」Special Issue 外傷後ストレス障害   6  1999年

  • Muscarinic receptor occupancy by biperiden in living human brain

    Y Sudo, T Suhara, K Suzuki, Y Okubo, K Yoshikawa, S Uchida, T Sassa, T Okauchi, Y Sasaki, M Matsushita

    LIFE SCIENCES   64 ( 8 ) PL99 - PL104  1999年01月

     概要を見る

    Anticholinergic drug is often used to treat extrapyramidal symptoms. We measured muscarinic cholinergic receptor (mAckR) occupancy by the oral administration of biperiden in eight healthy subjects using positron emission tomography (PET) and [C-11]N-methyl-4-piperidylbenzilate (NMPB). After the baseline scan each subject underwent one or two post-dose PET scans. mAckR occupancy was 10-45% in the frontal cortex three hours after the oral administration of 4mg of biperiden. The occupancy correlated with the plasma concentration of biperiden in a curvilinear manner. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Inc.

  • Enhanced gamma (30-150 Hz) frequency in the human medial temporal lobe

    N Hirai, S Uchida, T Maehara, Y Okubo, H Shimizu

    NEUROSCIENCE   90 ( 4 ) 1149 - 1155  1999年

     概要を見る

    We performed fast Fourier transformation power spectral analysis of the electrocorticogram in human medial temporal lobe during wakeful rest in six epileptic subjects. Compared with the electrocorticogram wave in the basal temporal lobe, which showed monotonic decline of spectral power across the frequency axis, the electrocorticogram wave in the parahippocampal gyrus was enhanced (or did not decline) in the gamma frequency range (30-150 Hz) in all subjects.
    Although it has been suggested that electrical oscillations of the hippocampus have functional roles in higher brain functions, namely learning and memory, the knowledge of hippocampal oscillations is largely limited to animal studies. The present results demonstrate that fast frequency oscillation is also present in the human medial temporal lobe, which has been reported in animal hippocampi. They also demonstrate the importance of recording very fast field potentials in human electrocorticograms. This fast oscillation is likely to play important functional roles related to learning and memory, possibly to induce long-term potentiation in the human medial temporal lobe. (C) 1999 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.

    DOI

  • Roles of midbrain and neocortex during human non-REM sleep assesed by PET

    J. Neurosci.   19  1999年

  • クロニジンの終夜睡眠脳波に対する影響について

    第28回日本神経精神薬理学会 東京    1998年10月

  • Analysis of Brain Electroencephalograms with the Instantaneous Maximum Entropy Method

    Signal Processing IX, Theories and Applications   II  1998年09月

  • Benzodiazepine effects on human sleep EEG spectra: A comparison of triazolam and flunitrazepam

    Tan, X, S Uchida, M Matsuura, K Nishihara, Y Iguchi, T Kojima

    LIFE SCIENCES   63 ( 8 ) 675 - 684  1998年07月

     概要を見る

    The effects of 0.5 mg triazolam (TRI) and 4 mg flunitrazepam (FNZ) on the sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) were studied in eleven (six for TRI, and five for FNZ) healthy young male subjects. C3 EEG channel data of one baseline night, three drug nights and two withdrawal nights were recorded and their analyzed using a fast Fourier transformation (FFT) method. Changes in the 0.5 Hz to 40 Hz power spectrum showed that: 1) both TRI and FNZ increased higher frequency activity and reduced lower frequency activity on the drug nights; 2) on drug nights, NREM sigma frequency power was more strongly enhanced by TRI than FNZ, while the beta power of both NREM and REM was more strongly enhanced by FNZ than TRI; 3) NREM alpha power increased on the second night of withdrawal from both TRI and FNZ; 4) the power spectra for both NREM and REM sleep returned to baseline levels by the fourth night of withdrawal from either TRI or FNZ. These findings suggest that 0.5 mg TRI and 4 mg FNZ have both common and differing pharmacological effects on the central nervous system. Such differences could be caused by differences in the dose, half-life or systemic distribution of these two drugs.

    DOI

  • ポジトロンCT画像解析によるREM睡眠中の脳活動

    日本睡眠学会 第23回 定期学術集会 秋田    1998年06月

  • ポジトロンCT画像解析からみたNREM睡眠機構

    日本睡眠学会 第23回 定期学術集会 秋田    1998年06月

  • 海馬傍回に装着された硬膜下電極より記録されたヒトの自然睡眠記録

    日本睡眠学会 第23回 定期学術集会 秋田    1998年06月

  • 終夜睡眠ポリグラフィーにおける頤筋筋電図の自動解析

    日本睡眠学会 第23回 定期学術集会 秋田    1998年06月

  • Haloxazolamの終夜睡眠脳波に対する影響

    日本睡眠学会 第23回 定期学術集会 秋田    1998年06月

  • 産褥9週、12週の母親の夜間睡眠パターンと子供の動きの変化

    日本睡眠学会 第23回 定期学術集会 秋田    1998年06月

  • ヒト睡眠中の脳波周波数分析とポジトロンCTによる局所脳血流との関係

    日本睡眠学会 第23回 定期学術集会 秋田    1998年06月

  • 文部省科研費基盤B(統計数理研究所・石黒真木夫教授)意識現象の時刻測定と脳‐意識相互作用の時系列解析班員 (平成10-12年)

       1998年

  • 睡眠中のヒトの頭皮上脳波、皮質脳波の経時的変化. 玉川大学工学部大学院特別講義 町田

       1998年

  • 脳の情報処理を担う脳波ガンマ活動とその精神医学への応用。 山梨医科大学神経精神医学教室セミナー 玉穂町

       1998年

  • Human Sleep-wake EEG oscillations. ポーランドウッジ大学神経生物学教室特別講義 ウッジ(ポーランド)

       1998年

  • Human Sleep-wake EEG oscillations. カリフォルニア大学サンディエゴ校精神科特別セミナー ラホヤ(米国カリフォルニア)

       1998年

  • 睡眠脳波の変化とその健康における意義 玉川大学文学部健康教育学科特別講義

       1998年

  • 心地よい眠りのために 健康教室 東京都健康づくり推進センター

       1998年

  • 平成11年度 第28回 精神研シンポジウム「ライフサイクルと睡眠障害」事務局担当および講演「発達と老化による睡眠の変化」

       1998年

  • ポジトロンCT画像解析からみたREM睡眠時の脳内眼球運動調節部位

    日本睡眠学会 第23回 定期学術集会 秋田    1998年

  • Human Electrocorticogram records from the parahippocampal gyrus during REM sleep.

    J. Sleep Res   7  1998年

  • Complementary enhancement of alpha and gamma frequency in human occipital cortex under eyes open and close conditions (A case study)

    Soc. Neurosci. Abst   1762  1998年

  • . Relationship between EEG beta (20-28 Hz) spectral power and regional cerebral blood flow measured by PET during human REM sleep

    Soc. Neurosci. Abstr   938  1998年

  • 睡眠ポリグラムのコンピュータによる解析

    日本臨床   56  1998年

  • 睡眠の脳内メカニズム

    睡眠の正常と異常 (大熊輝男、宮本忠雄編)    1998年

  • 睡眠の脳波機構:デルタ、紡錘波と視床皮質活動

    最新 脳と神経科学シリーズ (高倉公朋、宮本忠雄 監修)    1998年

  • Regional cerebral blood flow during sleep in normal humans assessed by high-resolution positron emission tomography

    Brain Topography Today    1998年

  • Human sleep electroencephalogram analysis based on the Instantaneous Maximum Entropy Method

    Sunao Uchida, Yumi Takizawa, Nobuhide Hirai, Makio Ishiguro

    IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences   E80-A   965 - 970  1997年12月

     概要を見る

    Analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) is presented for sleep physiology. This analysis is performed by the Instantaneous Maximum Entropy Method (IMEM), which was given by the author. Appearance and continuation of featuristic waves are not steady in EEG. The characteristics of these waves responding to epoch of sleep are analyzed. The behaviours of waves were clarified by this analysis as follows; (a) time dependent frequency of continuous oscillations of alpha rhythm was observed precisely. Sleep spindles were detected clearly within NREM and these parameters of time, frequency, and peak energy were specified, (b) delta waves with very low frequencies and sleep spindles were observed simultaneously. And (c) the relationship of sleep spindles and delta waves was first detected with negative correlation along time-axis. The analysis by the IMEM was found effective comparing conventional analysis method of FFT, bandpass filter bank, etc.

  • 睡眠ポリグラフのコンピュータ分析

    第22回日本睡眠学会シンポジウム 東京    1997年07月

  • 塩酸ビペリデンによるヒト脳内アセチルコリン受容体占有率の経時的変化に関する研究

    第19回日本生物学的精神医学会    1997年03月

  • 睡眠脳波の分析とその生理学的意義、脳波分析研究会 東京医科歯科大学医学部付属病院 東京

       1997年

  • A case of human natural sleep recording with subdural electrodes showed no sigma (12-16 Hz) EEG activity on the orbitofrontal cortex

    Japanese Society of EEG and EMG meeting Fukuoka    1997年

  • Triazolam effects on human sleep EEG spectra

    11th APSS annual meeting in San Francisc    1997年

  • Changes in sleep patterns of mothers and movements of their infants during night from nine to twelve weeks in postpartum periods: A preliminary study

    11th APSS annual meeting in San Francisco    1997年

  • High frequency EEG oscillations in human REM sleep

    11th APSS annual meeting in San Francisco    1997年

  • 神経伝達物質と睡眠の機構

    睡眠とその障害をめぐって メディカルカルチュア    1997年

  • 睡眠脳波のコンピュータ解析 −脳波スペクトルの一夜の経時的変化

    脳波と筋電図   25(6)  1997年

  • Triazolam effects on human sleep EEG: spectral changes across administration days

    Tan, X, S Uchida, M Matsuura, K Nishihara, Y Iguchi, T Kojima

    BRAIN TOPOGRAPHY TODAY   1147   313 - 316  1997年

     概要を見る

    Triazolam (TRZ) 0.5 mg was administered to six healthy young male students for 7 days. Polysomnographic recordings of the two nights of baseline (BLN) drug and the second and fourth withdrawal nights were made, and EEG from the C3 electrode site was analyzed using fast Fourier transformation (FFT). No significant changes in the EEG spectra of NREM or REM sleep were found in comparisons of whole-night recordings of drug nights. However, when corresponding portions of the sleep period were compared, the initial drug night (IDN) showed the strongest drug effects in NREM periods from the second half of the night, whereas the 4th and 7th drug nights (4DN and 7DN) showed the strongest effects in NREM periods from the first half of the night. These findings suggest that the initial effects of TRZ on human sleep differ from those in later nights.

  • Human sleep EEG oscillations and their neurophysiological significance

    S Uchida, N Hirai

    BRAIN TOPOGRAPHY TODAY   1147   291 - 296  1997年

     概要を見る

    We have reported three sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) frequencies whose fast Fourier transform (FFT) power show rhythmic fluctuations throughout the night; Delta (0.3-3 Hz), sigma (12-16 Hz) and beta (20-28 Hz). We investigated these frequencies using conventional polysomnography (PSG), EEG topography and electrocorticography (ECoG). Polysomnography was useful for extracting the dynamic changes of these three EEG frequencies throughout the night. Topographies revealed different distributions of each frequency on the skull. ECoG was applied to study the sigma frequency, which was not apparent on the temporal cortex. The absence of the sigma frequency may indicate that the temporal cortex does not receive influences from the reticular nucleus of the thalamus, which is considered to be the generator of sigma spindles. These results indicate that multimodal studies of these frequencies can shed light on both our knowledge of sleep and brain structure.

  • Electroencephalogram analysis based on the instantaneous maximum entropy method

    Y Takizawa, S Uchida, A Fukasawa

    ISIE '97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOLS 1-3   E80-A   978 - 982  1997年

     概要を見る

    This paper describes the analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) signal from human brains on sleep. The result of the analysis based on the Instantaneous Maximum Entropy Method (IMEM) clarified multiple effect on the investigation of human sleep, By this analysis, the negative correlation was found out between sleep spindle and delta wave during deep NREM sleep. The fine structure of time dependent behaviour was made clear of alpha wave at sleep onset, sleep spindle and delta ur ave during MREM sleep.

  • ベンゾジアゼピンによるNREM睡眠脳波速波帯域−(シグマ・ベータ)増強の異なった2つの様式

    第26回日本神経精神薬理学会年会 東京    1996年10月

  • Flunitrazepam effects on human sleep EEG spectra .2. Sigma and beta alterations during NREM sleep

    S Uchida, N Okudaira, K Nishihara, Y Iguchi, Tan, X

    LIFE SCIENCES   59 ( 9 ) PL117 - PL120  1996年07月

     概要を見る

    Flunitrazepam (FNZ) is known to enhance the higher EEG frequencies, including sigma (10-15 Hz) and beta (20-28 Hz). Both sigma and beta frequency bands show an inverse relationship with delta (0.3-3 Hz) during NREM periods, as we have previously reported. It is not known whether generation of these two EEG frequencies is mediated by the same or different neuronal mechanisms. In this report, we compare alterations of delta, sigma and beta EEG induced by FNZ (4 mg) orally administered to five healthy male subjects for seven consecutive nights. Sleep EEG on the baseline night (BLN), and the fourth and seventh drug nights (4DN, 7DN) was subjected to fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis. On drug nights, sigma was enhanced without regard to delta amount, but beta was enhanced only during epochs containing low delta. Thus, sigma and beta EEG were altered differently by the same pharmacological agent. These results suggest that sigma and beta EEG are mediated by different neuronal mechanisms.

  • 睡眠中の脳波オッシレーションからどのような脳機能が伺い知れるか

    日本睡眠学会サテライトワークショップ「Sleep Computingの将来をみつめて」 北海道    1996年06月

  • Flunitrazepam effects on human sleep EEG spectra: Differences in NREM, REM and individual responses

    S Uchida, N Okudaira, K Nishihara, Y Iguchi

    LIFE SCIENCES   58 ( 10 ) PL199 - PL205  1996年02月

     概要を見る

    Flunitrazepam (FNZ) (4 mg), an intermediate type benzodiazepine (BDZ) hypnotic, was administered orally to five healthy male subjects (Ss) for seven consecutive nights. Sleep EEG from the baseline night (BLN), the initial drug night (IDN), the fourth and seventh drug nights (4DN, 7DN) was subjected to fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis. During NREM sleep of 4DN and 7DN sigma band (11.0-12.5 Hz) activity was similarly enhanced in every S. In REM of 4DN and 7DN the beta band (23.0-29.0 Hz) was enhanced, but with larger variations among Ss. High Intra-individual consistency of the relative EEG power patterns on 4DN and 7DN was observed. These results suggest that 1) EEG responses to FNZ are different in sleep states; explorations of these differences may provided better understandings of sleep mechanisms, and 2) individual variations in EEG responses may reflect individual variations of the BDZ receptor system. These methods may be useful for exploring receptor changes in neuropsychiatric disorders.

    DOI

  • 科学技術庁生活者ニーズ研究「日常生活における快適な睡眠の確保に関する総合研究」分担テーマ:眠気と脳機能および判断力の測定法に関する研究平成8,9,10年度

       1996年

  • 文部省科研費基盤C脳波ガンマ(40Hz)活動を指標とした精神分裂病の情報処理異常に関する研究平成8,9年度

       1996年

  • 文部省科研費一般C脳波ガンマ(40Hz)活動を指標とした精神分裂病の情報処理課程に関する研究

       1996年

  • 眠りの科学、都民カレッジ 平成7年1月〜3月(全8回)八王子都立大学都民カレッジ校舎

       1996年

  • ねむりの科学、平成8年度科学技術週間参加行事 講演 松沢病院講堂 東京

       1996年

  • 臨床睡眠医学−精神科領域における最新の進歩

    精神医学   38  1996年

    DOI

  • Computerization of Fujimori's method of waveform recognition - A review and methodological considerations for its application to all-night sleep EEG

    S Uchida, M Matsuura, S Ogata, T Yamamoto, N Aikawa

    JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS   64 ( 1 ) 1 - 12  1996年01月

     概要を見る

    This article critically reviews 8 computer implementations of Fujimori's method for EEG waveform recognition, with methodological considerations for the application of this method to the analysis of all-night sleep EEG. Fujimori's method has been considered one of the most appropriate waveform analyses for EEG. This kind of analysis is advantageous for measuring frequency and amplitude of each EEG wave separately. However, current implementations have drawbacks which must be resolved before they can be used on all-night sleep EEG. An optimal sampling rate should be determined which is appropriate to the purpose of analysis. Amplitude thresholds for wave recognition, which are now set arbitrarily, should also be improved. Measurement of waves in higher orders of superimposition is also necessary, although existing systems are limited to the second order. Additional algorithms, such as for the separate detection of sleep slow waves, may be useful. Further applications for Fujimori's method are suggested.

    DOI

  • Flunitrazepam effects on human sleep EEG spectra, and the delta, sigma, beta EEG interrelationships

    Sleep Res   24  1995年

  • SIGMA-(12-16-HZ) AND BETA-(20-28-HZ) EEG DISCRIMINATE NREM AND REM-SLEEP

    S UCHIDA, T MALONEY, FEINBERG, I

    BRAIN RESEARCH   659 ( 1-2 ) 243 - 248  1994年10月

     概要を見る

    All night sleep EEG from ten normal students were subjected to FFT spectral analyses. Delta (0.3-3 Hz), sigma (12-16 Hz) and beta (20-28 Hz) EEG showed strongly oscillating patterns across the night. The scattergram of sigma versus beta revealed two separate clusters. One cluster demonstrated a positive linear correlation between sigma and beta. The second cluster showed a range of beta, but a stable, low level of sigma activity. Points in the former cluster consisted of those from NREM epochs, and in the latter, from REM epochs. The present results suggest that REM and NREM EEG are composed of two sets of EEG frequency components, perhaps reflecting different neuronal pools.

  • What does a computer see in sleep records?

    94年アジア睡眠学会 東京    1994年06月

  • DYNAMIC RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SLEEP SPINDLES AND DELTA-WAVES DURING A NREM PERIOD

    S UCHIDA, Y ATSUMI, T KOJIMA

    BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN   33 ( 3 ) 351 - 355  1994年

     概要を見る

    All-night sleep EEGs from 7 normal young male adults were analyzed by a waveform recognition method using FFT-IFFT band pass filters. The total durations of sleep spindles and sleep delta waves in each 20-s epoch were measured and plotted on an X-Y graph with lines connecting the points in time sequence (dynamic two-component plot). The relationship between these two measures within a single NREM period showed three dynamic phases and one stationary period. In the first phase, spindles increased while delta remained at a low level or increased slightly. In the second phase, delta increased greatly while spindles decreased. In the third phase, delta decreased while spindles remained at a low level. There was a stationary period between the second and third phases, when delta maintained a higher level and spindles maintained a lower level. These dynamic descriptions reflect the underlying physiological mechanisms more directly than static sleep stages. They should also permit finer analyses of sleep in psychiatric and neurological disorders.

  • Three strongly oscillating frequency bands in human sleep EEG

    J. Sleep Res   3  1994年

  • なぜ眠るのか−睡眠の脳内メカニズム

    なぜ眠るのか−睡眠の脳内メカニズム   54  1994年

  • DYNAMIC RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SLEEP SPINDLES AND DELTA-WAVES DURING A NREM PERIOD

    S UCHIDA, Y ATSUMI, T KOJIMA

    BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN   33 ( 3 ) 351 - 355  1994年

     概要を見る

    All-night sleep EEGs from 7 normal young male adults were analyzed by a waveform recognition method using FFT-IFFT band pass filters. The total durations of sleep spindles and sleep delta waves in each 20-s epoch were measured and plotted on an X-Y graph with lines connecting the points in time sequence (dynamic two-component plot). The relationship between these two measures within a single NREM period showed three dynamic phases and one stationary period. In the first phase, spindles increased while delta remained at a low level or increased slightly. In the second phase, delta increased greatly while spindles decreased. In the third phase, delta decreased while spindles remained at a low level. There was a stationary period between the second and third phases, when delta maintained a higher level and spindles maintained a lower level. These dynamic descriptions reflect the underlying physiological mechanisms more directly than static sleep stages. They should also permit finer analyses of sleep in psychiatric and neurological disorders.

  • ベンゾジアゼピン系薬剤の睡眠に及ぼす影響 − パワースペクトル分析を用いて

    93年日本脳波筋電図学会 鹿児島    1993年10月

  • EFFECTS OF DAYTIME ACTIVITIES ON SLEEP QUALITIES

    T KOBAYASHI, Y IGUCHI, Y SAITO, S UCHIDA, T YAMAMOTO

    COMPUTERS & INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING   25 ( 1-4 ) 431 - 434  1993年09月

     概要を見る

    In order to study effects of daytime activities on sleep, eleven healthy male university students (aged 19-25) spent three different activities days; the mentally and physically relaxation day, the mental active day, and the physical active day. Their sleep were recorded in the nights after these three different days.
    The large amount of slow wave sleep (SWS) concentrated on the first sleep cycle in the night after the physically active day. The individual differences in body temperature curve during a night became large in the order of the night after the physical active day, the night after the mental active day, and the night after the mentally and physically relaxation day.
    These results suggest that an active day not only leads to a good quality of sleep, but also stabilizes the circadian body temperature curve.

    DOI

  • ベンゾジアゼピン系薬剤の夜間睡眠に対する影響

    93年世界保健連盟世界会議 幕張    1993年08月

  • Period/Amplitude法とFFTによるパワースペクトル法の比較、終夜睡眠記録を用いて

    93年日本睡眠学会 宇都宮    1993年06月

  • A comparison of period/amplitude analysis and power spectral analysis applied to all-night sleep EEG.

    Sleep Res   26  1993年

  • 極端な夜型人間−睡眠相後退症候群

    栄養と料理   8  1993年

  • 神経伝達物質と睡眠の機構

    中外医薬   46  1993年

  • 覚醒域値と睡眠紡錘波

    92年日本脳波筋電図学会 東京    1992年10月

  • ベータ帯域(20-28 Hz)とデルタ帯域(0.3-3 Hz)脳波の一夜を通じての変化について

    92年日本脳波筋電図学会 東京    1992年10月

  • BETA-(20-28 HZ) AND DELTA-(0.3-3 HZ) EEGS OSCILLATE RECIPROCALLY ACROSS NREM AND REM-SLEEP

    S UCHIDA, T MALONEY, FEINBERG, I

    SLEEP   15 ( 4 ) 352 - 358  1992年08月

     概要を見る

    Across-night oscillations of beta (20-28 Hz) and delta (0.3-3 Hz) electroencephalograms (EEGs) were examined with spectral analysis in 10 normal young adult subjects (Ss). In each S, power densities of beta were found to oscillate reciprocally with delta power density across both nonrapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Linear correlation coefficients between log power density of delta vs. beta were significant (p &lt; 0.0001) for each S. An incidental observation was that beta power within REM was reliably lower in epochs with more eye movement activity. The reciprocal relationship between beta and delta holds implications for sleep physiology and supplements our earlier finding that sigma (12-15 Hz) oscillates reciprocally with delta within NREM sleep. These descriptions of the continuously varying EEG across sleep provide information not available when EEG measures are tabulated by discrete NREM periods and REM periods.

  • BETA-(20-28 HZ) AND DELTA-(0.3-3 HZ) EEGS OSCILLATE RECIPROCALLY ACROSS NREM AND REM-SLEEP

    S UCHIDA, T MALONEY, FEINBERG, I

    SLEEP   15 ( 4 ) 352 - 358  1992年08月

     概要を見る

    Across-night oscillations of beta (20-28 Hz) and delta (0.3-3 Hz) electroencephalograms (EEGs) were examined with spectral analysis in 10 normal young adult subjects (Ss). In each S, power densities of beta were found to oscillate reciprocally with delta power density across both nonrapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Linear correlation coefficients between log power density of delta vs. beta were significant (p &lt; 0.0001) for each S. An incidental observation was that beta power within REM was reliably lower in epochs with more eye movement activity. The reciprocal relationship between beta and delta holds implications for sleep physiology and supplements our earlier finding that sigma (12-15 Hz) oscillates reciprocally with delta within NREM sleep. These descriptions of the continuously varying EEG across sleep provide information not available when EEG measures are tabulated by discrete NREM periods and REM periods.

  • ICD10精神および行動の障害

    臨床記述と診断ガイドライン    1992年

  • 海外ジャーナルクラブ<睡眠>、Irwin Feinberg; Changes in sleep cycle patterns with age

    精神科治療学   7(11)  1992年

  • Human Sleep Cycles Across the Night

    ENCYCLOPEDIA of SLEEP and DREAMING    1992年

  • SIGMA (12-15 HZ) AND DELTA (0.3-3 HZ) EEG OSCILLATE RECIPROCALLY WITHIN NREM SLEEP

    S UCHIDA, T MALONEY, JD MARCH, R AZARI, FEINBERG, I

    BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN   27 ( 1 ) 93 - 96  1991年07月

     概要を見る

    Sleep EEG in the sigma and delta frequency bands was subjected to spectral analysis in 8 normal young adults. In each subject, power density of sigma and delta oscillated reciprocally during NREM sleep, confirming an observation made initially with period/amplitude analysis. In REM sleep, power density for both frequency bands was at its lowest levels. Correlation coefficients between power density of delta vs. 1/sigma for all artifact-free 20-s epochs of NREM sleep/night were highly significant for each subject. These results show that cyclic oscillation of EEG within sleep is not limited to delta frequencies. The reciprocal relation of sigma to delta holds implications for the EEG mechanisms of NREM sleep. This dynamic pattern may also prove useful for sleep stage scoring and for a finer empirical analysis of sleep in psychiatric and neurological disorders.

  • New models of sleep and dreaming suggested by computer analysis of sleep EEG

    Annual Meeting of Psychiatry Research Society    1991年02月

  • Psychiatry in Japan (日本の精神科臨床) カリフォルニア州Martinez市Martinez退役軍人管理局医療センター精神科講演会

       1991年

  • アメリカ人になった日本人たちのこと Yushima Psychiatrie 1991年月号

       1991年

  • The relationship between sigma (12-15 Hz) and beta (15-23 Hz) band power discriminates REM from NREM

    International Sleep Research Meeting in Cannes, France.    1991年

  • Sleep EEG in Schizophrenia and Depression

    An Overview. Biol. Psychiatry   29. 136S  1991年

  • Sigma and beta EEG frequencies show cyclic variation across sleep

    Biol. Psychiatry   29  1991年

  • Results of three methods of computer analysis applied to all-night sleep EEG

    Biol. Psychiatry   29  1991年

  • 老人の健康管理 サンフランシスコ日系人会:敬老の日ワークショップ

       1990年

  • 日本の精神医療について—精神保健法を中心として カリフォルニア大学ディビス校精神科講演会

       1990年

  • 各睡眠段階における紡錘波の出現量と11−16Hzパワースぺクトルの比較 11−16Hzパワーは紡錘波を反映しているか?

    90年日本睡眠学会    1990年

  • 高齢者のねぼけとREM睡眠異常

    精神神経学雑誌   92(10)  1990年

  • 臨床記述と診断ガイドライン

    精神神経学雑誌   92(4)  1990年

  • 日本の精神医療 サンフランシスコ市ラグナホンダ病院講演会

       1989年

  • 睡眠周期を構成する2つのリズムについて

    89年日本脳波電図学会    1989年

  • 睡眠除波の出現様式 −その周波数帯域別検討−

    89年日本脳波電図学会    1989年

  • 各睡眠段階におけるα帯域波の出現様式

    89年日本脳波電図学会    1989年

  • トガイ筋筋電図と直腸温の関係について

    89年日本脳波電図学会    1989年

  • REM睡眠に関連したねぼけ(parasomnia)について

    89年日本睡眠学会    1989年

  • 睡眠中のα帯域波の変動について

    89年日本睡眠学会    1989年

  • デルタ波と急速眼球運動を指標にした睡眠周期の推測

    89年日本睡眠学会    1989年

  • 睡眠段階自動判定システムの開発

    89年日本睡眠学会    1989年

  • 睡眠の自動分析 −基礎から臨床まで− 睡眠段階自動判定基準の標準化とその問題点(1)ユーザーの立場から

    89年日本睡眠学会    1989年

  • 終夜睡眠ポリグラフィにおけるオトガイ筋筋電図のコンピュータ分析

    89年日本睡眠学会    1989年

  • Parasomnia Associated with Abnormal REM Sleep

    Abst, of International Geriatric Psychiatry Society Meeting    1989年

  • A personal computer sleep analyzer

    Sleep Res   18: 403  1989年

  • The relationship between sleep spindles and seep delta waves

    Sleep Res   18:403  1989年

  • 総合病院中央検査部脳波室におけるルーチン脳波基礎活動自動診断の経験

    88年日本脳波筋電図学会    1988年

  • 老人の睡眠ポリグラフィ研究(4)−自動解析装置を用いた睡眠除波の検討−

    88年日本脳波筋電図学会    1988年

  • 紡錘波と除波の関係について(第3報)

    88年日本脳波筋電図学会    1988年

  • REM睡眠に関連した異常行動について

    88年日本睡眠学会    1988年

  • 睡眠紡錘波の周波数解析 −最大エントロピー法を用いて

    88年日本睡眠学会    1988年

  • NREM睡眠周期内における睡眠紡錘波の変化

    88年日本睡眠学会    1988年

  • 紡錘波と除波の関係について(第2報)

    88年日本睡眠学会    1988年

  • 老年者の睡眠ポリグラフィ研究(2) −加齢による変化−

    87年日本脳波筋電図学会    1987年

  • パーソナルコンピュータを用いた睡眠徐波の分析システム

    87年日本脳波筋電図学会    1987年

  • 睡眠紡錘波と睡眠徐波との関係について −自動分析装置を用いて−

    87年日本脳波筋電図学会    1987年

  • コリン作動性薬剤レシチンの生態リズムに与える影響

    87年日本睡眠学会    1987年

  • 老人の睡眠ポリグラフィ研究(第3報)

    87年日本睡眠学会    1987年

  • 睡眠紡錘波の加齢による変化 -- パソコン用自動検出装置を用いて

    87年日本睡眠学会    1987年

  • A study of abnormal sleep stages ovserved in cases of multisystem degeneration

    Sleep Res   16  1987年

  • The effect of lecithin on huma REM sleep and body temperature: The cholinomimetic agent and biological rhythm

    Sleep Res   16: 216  1987年

  • Age, sex and mental states as factors affecting sleep of healthy aged persons

    Sleep Res   16: 215  1987年

  • Some characteristics of sleep spindles: A comparison of young adults and elderly persons using a eprsonal computer real-time analyzing system

    Sleep Res   16: 590  1987年

▼全件表示

研究シーズ

共同研究・競争的資金等の研究課題

  • 身体運動が脳と心に及ぼす効果の解明と健康科学への応用

    科学研究費助成事業(早稲田大学)  科学研究費助成事業(基盤研究(B))

    研究期間:

    2005年
    -
    2008年
     

    内田 直, 宝田 雄大, 後藤 一成, 関口 浩文, 宮崎 真, 宝田 雄大, 渡邉 丈夫, 宮崎 真

     概要を見る

    近年、国民の健康に対する関心の高まりとともに身体運動への関心も高まっている。しかしながら、このような関心は、身体的な健康が主体となっている。一方で、精神的なあるいは脳の健康も同様に重要であることは疑い。このような、精神的なあるいは脳の健康と、これに対する身体運動の効果についての研究は、いまだ十分に行われているとはいえない。
    本研究では、身体運動と精神活動あるいは脳活動の関連について焦点をあて、これについて健康科学的な側面から実証的な研究を行った。このような研究は、身体活動と身体の健康に関連した研究に比べると新しいものであり、今後うつ病や認知症予防のための運動療法としての活動につながるものである。
    研究は、以下の5つのテーマ(方法)によって行った。すなわち(1)身体運動が睡眠に及ぼす影響について、(2).睡眠中の代謝活動についての予備的研究、(3)朝行う身体運動が、その後の認知機能に及ぼす影響について、(4)身体運動と児童の発達の関連について、(5)観察学習の効果とスキルの転移、である。
    (1) 身体運動が睡眠に及ぼす影響については、二つの実験を行った。昼寝により人工的に作成した不眠状態への運動の影響をみたが、これは大きな影響が観察されなかった。次に睡眠直前に高強度の運動を行わせ、これが睡眠にどのような影響を及ぼすのかを観察した。これまでの研究では、ストレス反応により睡眠が悪化すると言う説があったが、我々の研究では変化無く、悪化は無かった。しかしながら、睡眠中の体温が睡眠中期で運動後運動しないときよりも有意に高いという興味深い結果が得られた。
    (2) はヒューマンカロリーメータを用いた睡眠中の代謝の連続測定と言う新しい分野の研究であり、今後運動後の代謝の変化など興味がもたれた。
    (3) 朝の運動については、日常的に行われる健康運動と似たパタンであるが、これが日中の活動にどのように影響を及ぼすのかを見た。しかしながら、結果としては一過性の効果は認められたが、一日の中での変化は無かった。このような運動を習慣的にした場合の影響が今後の課題として残った。
    (4) 小学生を対象とした研究のまとめが一部完成した段階である。現状では、認知機能のうち、判別と抑制の発達パタンが小学生年代では異なっている可能性が示唆された。
    (5) 観察学習は、運動学習の一部であるが、観察学習により獲得された手続き記憶は、必ずしも転移しないことが示唆される結果であった。
    全体として基礎研究と応用研究の両方から成果が得られ、身体運動が脳と心に及ぼす効果の解明と健康科学への応用についての業績がえられた。期間は終了しているが、この結果を国際論文として発表している作業を持続して行っている。

  • スポーツ科学の観点からみた介護予防プログラムの開発とその運営システムの構築

    科学研究費助成事業(早稲田大学)  科学研究費助成事業(基盤研究(A))

    研究期間:

    2004年
    -
    2007年
     

    村岡 功, 福永 哲夫, 坂本 静男, 内田 直, 中村 好男, 川上 泰雄, 鳥居 俊

     概要を見る

    本研究では、初年度に作成した介護予防システムにおける枠組みに基づき、元気高齢者、虚弱高齢者、要介護認定高齢者など、それぞれの対象像に合わせたスクリーニング、介護予防マネジメント、同プログラムの作成、および評価を実施していくために、(1)介護予防の対象者となる高齢者の特性分析、(2)介護予防運動プログラムの開発、(3)介護予防に関連した評価基準の作成、(4)介護予防の普及啓発、(5)環境整備、介護予防関連事業に関するシステム構築の5つの領域から、研究作業を行った。まず、(1)では主に筋量や筋厚など身体機能的特性および、身体活動・筋力トレーニング実施状況やその関連要因などの行動心理的特性における調査研究を行った。また、軽度者や虚弱高齢者だけではなく、元気高齢者(地域自主活動を行っている高齢者)や慢性疾患(循環器疾患や運動器疾患)を有する高齢者にも対象を広げ、調査研究を実施した。(2)では(1)で実施された高齢者の特性に関する研究結果を踏まえて、大きく3つのカテゴリー(元気高齢者、虚弱高齢者、軽度介護認定者)における高齢者特性に合わせた運動プログラムの開発やプログラムに使用する簡便な運動機器の開発、その効果検証を行った。さらに循環器疾患や運動器疾患を有する高齢者に特化した運動プログラムの開発も行った。(3)ではこれまでほとんど検討されていない虚弱高齢者に対する介護予防プログラムの身体的および心理的評価尺度、さらには介護予防サービス従事者のコミュニケーションスキルやセノフ・エフィカシーの評価尺度を開発した。(4)では介護予防事業参加への普及活動の検討、地域を活用した介護予防ボランティア育成を試みた。最後に(5)では、地域包括支援センターや委託を受けた事業者(民間フィットネスクラブ、自治体の公共施設等を利用して実際に介護予防運動プログラムを展開する事業者)など、様々な介護予防サービス提供場面における運営システムの構築を行った。

  • 産褥期うつ状態の母親が子供の発達に与える影響についての精神生理学的研究

    科学研究費助成事業((財)東京都医学研究機構)  科学研究費助成事業(基盤研究(C))

    研究期間:

    2001年
    -
    2003年
     

    西原 京子, 堀内 成子, 内田 直

     概要を見る

    産褥期うつ状態は、いわゆるマタニテイブルーズといわれ、産後数週間以内に、抑うつ、不安、イライラ感を伴い、不眠、疲れなどの身体的症状の訴えも多い。母乳授乳もうまくいかず、子供を疎ましく思うことから、子供の発達に一過性に何らかの影響があることが予想される。しかし産褥期に適応している母親においても、子どもの発達、特に概日リズムができるこの時期に母親がどのように関与しているという系統的研究は少ない。特に母子の行動リズムに関して同調するという方向での研究はほとんどない。
    本研究では、まず産褥期に適応している母親が子どもの睡眠覚醒リズムに同調しているのか検討し、その後にブルーズの母親に関して、同調関係がどのようになるのかを検討しようと試みた。主に活動量を測定するアクチグラフィで行った。
    1、サーカデイアンリズムの発達
    産褥期に適応している母親の子供のサーカデイアンリズムは、生後3週間には存在すること、3ヶ月頃には確立するが、その確立するまでの過程が、自己相関係数の24時間ピークで検出されることが明確になった。しかしブルーズを示した母親に関しては、1ケースだけではあるが、その振幅が小さい傾向にあった。これは、個人差内に入るのかさらに今後の検討が必要である。
    2、ウルトラデイアンリズムの変化
    生後の子供にはウルトラデイアンリズムが存在するが、夜間睡眠において、産褥期に適応している母親がこのウルトラデアンリズムに同期しているかを検討した。生後3週では、母子の同調は明確であり、相互相関係数は、有意であった。ブルーズの母親のケースには、同期している場合もあったが、母親が遅れる場合もあり、さらに例数を集めて、検討が必要である。
    3、新しい母子同調の方法の開発
    産褥期に適応している母親と子供の活動量の同期は、かなり強いもので、妊娠後期から母子の同調が予想された。そこで、胎児の動きをピックアップするセンサーを開発し、現在データを収集中である。
    4、前進点と今後の方向
    ブルーズの母親にであってから協力を頂くのは、困難で、適応群を増やす中で、ケースを見つけるようにした。今後も例数を増やす予定である。アクチグラフィは、子育ての大変な時期にも協力頂ける方法である。

  • 意識現象の時刻測定と脳-意識相互作用の時系列解析

    科学研究費助成事業(統計数理研究所)  科学研究費助成事業(基盤研究(B))

    研究期間:

    1998年
    -
    2000年
     

    石黒 真木夫, 尾崎 統, 西村 千秋, 内田 直, 加藤 比呂子, 下平 英寿, 瀧澤 由美

     概要を見る

    この研究は,データにもとづく脳研究の議論に資するための基礎資料を整えることを目指して,まず,意識と脳の関係を時系列データとしてとらえ,それを解析し理解するための統計科学的手法の開発を目的として出発した.主た成果は:
    脳波データに関して:てんかん外科の対象患者の脳波について、覚醒時にベ-タ1帯域(10-20Hz)が存在することを発見した。さらには、ガンマ、ベータの変動についても調べ,ガンマ帯域については、ヒトの後頭葉一次視覚野にも存在し、これは開眼時に増強し閉眼時に消失することを見出した。
    脳磁気データに関して:仮現運動,聴覚弁別反応,視聴覚同時処理反応などをとりあげ,各反応に特徴的な脳の活動様式を時空間パタンとして抽出し,解析を行った。その結果,課題内容が高度化するにつれて,大脳皮質のみならず大脳辺縁系・大脳基底核等が関与していることが見出された。
    異種感覚統合から認知に至る過程を調べた結果,大脳皮質活動が時間的にいくつかの相に分けられること,そして相変化の際に帯状回や海馬を含む大脳辺縁系および被殻や尾状核を含む大脳基底核等の活動が関与していることなどが見いだされた.
    モデル開発に関して:脳波時系列の特徴をとらえるための非線形時系列モデル周波数帯相互作用モデルを開発した。また、情報量規準もしくは対数尤度のバラツキを評価し,モデル選択の信頼性を考慮した「モデルの信頼集合」を与えるプログラムを作成した.
    これらの成果をふまえて,脳における物理的,生理的な過程と意識過程の関係に関する今後の研究の方針が得られた.

  • 産褥期うつ状態の精神生理学的研究

    科学研究費助成事業((財)東京都精神医学総合研究所)  科学研究費助成事業(基盤研究(C))

    研究期間:

    1997年
    -
    1999年
     

    西原 京子, 堀内 成子, 内田 直

     概要を見る

    本研究では、産褥期うつ状態の母親の睡眠を知るためには、産褥期に適応している母親の睡眠の構造を検討する必要があった。
    適応群の睡眠の特徴は、以下のとうりである。
    1、産褥早期(1週から6週)では、母親の平均睡眠時間は、322分であり、睡眠率は77%と低いが、それは子供の世話による覚醒時間の増加によるもので、中等度の深さの睡眠が減少するが、深い睡眠やREM睡眠は減少せず、効率のよい睡眠をとっていることが明確となった。さらに、母親の中途の覚醒は、子供の動きとよく同期していた。
    2、子供の概日睡眠覚醒リズムができる9,12週では、Interrupted sleepとNon-interrupted sleepが存在した。、Interrupted sleepは、産褥早期の睡眠に類似するが、Non-interrupted sleepは、非妊娠女性と比べると大差がなく、むしろ深い睡眠が増加し、Interrupted sleepからくる断眠の回復睡眠をとっていた。すなわち適応している産褥婦は、眠れる時には良質の睡眠をとっていた。
    一方、産褥期うつ状態の生理学的研究は、症状が出ている時に患者から同意を得ることは、かなり困難であったが、睡眠ポリグラフィで1名、アクティグラフィで1名の協力を得られた。共通の知見として、第1点は、眠っていても睡眠の自覚的評価は低いこと、2点目は、子供の動きへの対応が遅いことであった。これらの所見は、例数が少ないので今後さらに例数を増やして検討する予定である。
    本研究でもう少し睡眠ポリグラフィに協力を願えるかと推測したが状況は厳しく、途中より方法を検討した結果、actiwatchを母子に装着する方が簡易で、被験者の協力を得ることができた。アクティグラフィが、今後、産褥期うつ状態の精神生理学的研究の有力な武器になるであろう。

  • PETを用いたヒトのレム睡眠時の夢見体験に関連した神経回路網の解明

    科学研究費助成事業(国立精神・神経センター)  科学研究費助成事業(基盤研究(B))

    研究期間:

    1996年
    -
    1997年
     

    大川 匡子, 内田 真, 梶村 尚史, 内山 真, 高山 豊, 内田 直

     概要を見る

    本研究では、国立精神・神経センターの超高解像度ポジトロンCTを用い、最新の画像処理技術を駆使し脳の機能画像を三次元的に再構成し、レム睡眠における神経回路網を明らかにする。
    健康な右利き男子大学生を18名を被験者とした。被験者には、PET測定台上で十分な睡眠をとれるように試験前日に全断眠を行わせた。試験当日は,19時より電極装着,動静脈の血管確保,頭部固定のためのマスク装着などの準備を行い,22時に消灯し,翌朝8時まで終夜睡眠ポリグラム記録を行った。PETスキャンは、NREM睡眠で4回,REM睡眠で4回,その後覚醒させ安静時に4回の最高で合計12回行うこととした。睡眠前半部でNREM睡眠の画像をとり,睡眠中間部はポリグラフを参照して選択的REM睡眠断眠を行い,朝方にREM睡眠の画像をとるプロトコルを用いた。標識薬物としては,超短時間放射性同位元素でラベルされたH_<215>O(半減期約2分)を用い,高解像度PET(シーメンス社ECAT EXACT HR)で,各スキャン90秒間における局所脳血流の画像を得た。1被験者あたり総被爆量は1mSv以下とした。これら局所脳血流データの解析にはstatistical parametric mapping(SPA)を使用し、安静覚醒閉瞼時(覚醒時)の画像とREM睡眠時の画像を比較した。REM睡眠の画像が得られた6例におけるREM睡眠時の画像(11スキャン)と覚醒時の画像(15スキャン)を用い検討した。全脳平均血流量を比較すると、REM睡眠時と覚醒時では、有意差がみられなかった。そこで、全脳平均血流をcovariateとしてREM睡眠時と覚醒時の局所脳血流を検討した。その結果、覚醒時に比べREM睡眠中は、両側一次視覚野、両側帯状回、両側扁桃核、右側海馬で局所脳血流の増加がみられ、前頭前野では局所脳血流の低下がみられた。
    以上より、安静覚醒閉瞼時に比べREM睡眠中の脳の活動は、辺縁系と一次視覚野の賦活、および前頭前野の抑制により特徴づけられることが明らかになった。このことから、辺縁系および一次視覚野の賦活はREM睡眠中の夢見体験と、前頭前野の抑制は軽度の意識水準の低下に対応する所見と考えられた。

  • 脳波ガンマ(40Hz)活動を指標した精神分裂病の情報処理異常に関する研究

    科学研究費助成事業((財)東京都精神医学総合研究所)  科学研究費助成事業(基盤研究(C))

    研究期間:

    1996年
    -
    1997年
     

    内田 直, 松浦 雅人

     概要を見る

    脳波ガンマ(40Hz)活動は大脳皮質の情報処理の統合に関連した活動として神経科学者の注目を集めている。しかしながら先行研究は主に動物を用いておりヒトで大脳皮質の情報統合については明らかになっていない。本研究では、まずてんかん手術の適応決定のために皮質を電極を装着された患者を対象として、皮質脳波の測定を行い皮質の電位計測によって脳の各部位でどのような波が出ているのかを明らかにした。その結果、ヒトの海馬傍回から測定される皮質脳波においては同時に記録した側頭葉下面にくらべ、30-150Hzの帯域のパワーが特徴的に増加していた。脳波の原波形においても、90Hz前後の比較的規則的な律動が観察された。この帯域をガンマ帯域(今後ガンマ帯域を、40Hzに固定せず30Hz以上の高周波帯域を広く呼称する名称とする)と呼ぶが、ガンマ帯域は海馬傍回でも前方よりは後方により強く発現される傾向がみられた。また、後頭葉に電極を装着した一例では開閉眼時に開眼でこのガンマ帯域が増強される現象が観察され、この帯域の活動が側頭葉内側だけでなく大脳皮質一般に広く認められる活動であることがわかった。また最近この周波数と一致するガンマ活動が通常の頭皮上脳波でも記録されるという報告があり今後このパラダイムを皮質脳波と頭皮上脳波の双方に用いて比較し、その意味付けを明らかにしながら、分裂病患者に応用していく。

  • スポーツ競技に用いられる脳機能のfMRI研究

    科学研究費助成事業(早稲田大学)  科学研究費助成事業(萌芽研究)

  • 身体運動が夜間睡眠と前頭葉機能に及ぼす影響

    科学研究費助成事業(早稲田大学)  科学研究費助成事業(萌芽研究)

  • 脳波ガンマ(40Hz)活動を指標とした精神分裂症の情報処理過程に関する研究

    科学研究費助成事業((財)東京都精神医学総合研究所)  科学研究費助成事業(一般研究(C))

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Misc

  • うつ病運動療法の現状と展望

    武田典子, 内田直

    ストレス科学研究   28   20 - 25  2013年  [査読有り]

    DOI

  • 一過性の高強度無酸素運動が夜間睡眠に及ぼす影響

    塩田 耕平, 後藤 一成, 内田 直

    日本臨床スポーツ医学会誌 = The journal of Japanese Society of Clinical Sports Medicine   20 ( 2 ) 306 - 315  2012年04月

    CiNii

  • 5日間の睡眠時間の短縮が身体機能に及ぼす影響

    窪田千恵, 塩田耕平, 守田優子, 守田優子, 小嶋拓人, 住友純也, 我如古雅志, 内田直

    スポーツ精神医学   9  2012年

    J-GLOBAL

  • 職場の運動療法とうつ病の予防

    内田直, 我如古雅志, 塩田耕平, 武田典子, 楳沢旬, 田代小百合, 佐藤大介, 阿部哲夫

    心身医学   52 ( 8 ) 718 - 725  2012年  [査読有り]

     概要を見る

    2011年から5大疾病として,精神疾患が取り上げられた.この大きな部分をうつ病が占めている.うつ病の治療は,休息と投薬が主体であるが,近年適度な運動がうつ病に対して治療的に働き,さらに寛解状態の維持や予防に役に立つ可能性が示唆されている.また,睡眠障害とうつ病の関連も大きい.これまでの研究では,睡眠障害はうつ病の危険因子になると考えられているが,運動療法は睡眠に対しても促進的に働く.さらに,復職という視点からは,運動療法が休職中に失われた体力を回復するという効果もある.このようなことを総合的に考えると,運動⇒(気分の改善,睡眠の改善,身体的健康度の向上)⇒うつ病の改善,という構図が成り立つ.職場のメンタルヘルス向上のために運動療法を推進するうえでは,単に運動をするだけでは必ずしも十分な効果が難しいと考えられる.気分の変化は主観的なスケールに頼らざるを得ないが,睡眠の変化については,シート型睡眠測定装置,加速度センサー付体動計などを用いて身体運動量や睡眠の質をフィードバックする方法が効率的と考えられた.

    DOI CiNii

  • スポーツとうつ状態

    内田 直

    日本臨床スポーツ医学会誌 = The journal of Japanese Society of Clinical Sports Medicine   17 ( 3 ) 467 - 470  2009年08月

    CiNii

  • Theta oscillation in the human anterior cingulate cortex during all-night sleep: An electrocorticographic study (vol 50, pg 331, 2004)

    Masaki Nishida, Nobuhide Hirai, Fumikazu Miwakeichi, Taketoshi Maehara, Kensuke Kawai, Hiroyuki Shimizu, Sunao Uchida

    NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH   58 ( 2 ) 215 - 217  2007年06月

    その他  

    DOI

  • アスリートに見られる抑うつ状態(落ち込み)

    内田 直

    日本臨床スポーツ医学会誌 = The journal of Japanese Society of Clinical Sports Medicine   15 ( 2 ) 187 - 193  2007年04月

    CiNii

  • A model selection of GLM applied to fMRI data using AlC

    Jobu Watanabe, Fumikazu Miwakeichi, Andreas Galka, Ryuta Kawashima, Tohru Ozaki, Sunao Uchida

    NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH   55   S260 - S260  2006年

    研究発表ペーパー・要旨(国際会議)  

  • オーバートレーニング症候群の精神医学的側面

    内田 直

    日本臨床スポーツ医学会誌 = The journal of Japanese Society of Clinical Sports Medicine   13 ( 3 ) 364 - 370  2005年08月

    CiNii

  • 高度1,500mと2,000m相当の常圧低酸素環境が競技選手の夜間睡眠構造に及ぼす影響

    星川雅子, 菅生貴之, 熊井康こ, 花井淑晃, 川原貴, 内田直

    体力科学   53 ( 6 ) 795  2004年12月

    J-GLOBAL

  • ヒト側頭葉皮質における視覚オドボール課題に対するガンマバンドオシレーションの出現 (ガンマリズムの臨床)

    渡辺 なな子, 内田 直, 平井 伸英

    臨床脳波 = Clinical electroencephalography : 脳波・筋電図と臨床神経生理   45 ( 1 ) 1 - 7  2003年01月

    CiNii

  • 皮質脳波のインパルス応答による側頭葉性てんかんの焦点側の同定

    三分一 史和, 内田 直, 荒垣 宏, 平井 伸英, 前原 健寿, 川合 謙介, 清水 博之

    日本統計学会講演報告集   70   303 - 304  2002年09月

    CiNii

  • 大うつ病エピソードを繰り返した良性成人型家族性ミオクローヌスてんかん(BAFME)の1症例

    西多 昌規, 加藤 昌明, 内田 直

    臨床脳波 = Clinical electroencephalography : 脳波・筋電図と臨床神経生理   44 ( 7 ) 476 - 480  2002年07月

    CiNii

  • 脳波・筋電図の臨床 ヒトの辺縁系における覚醒睡眠時の脳波律動

    内田 直, 西多 昌規, 平井 伸英, 川合 謙介, 清水 弘之, 前原 健寿

    臨床脳波   44 ( 6 ) 361 - 366  2002年06月

     概要を見る

    深部の大脳皮質の活動記録及び皮質の局所的な電気活動記録を用いて,大脳皮質における覚醒睡眠時の皮質脳波律動について検討した.その結果,高周波ガンマ活動は常に出現していたが,除波睡眠期には出現量が減少した.ベータ1律動では,覚醒時と除波睡眠期に限定した出現が見られ,周波数ピークはレム睡眠期で有意に低かった.更に,前帯状回に規則的なシータ帯域の律動が存在することが明らかとなった

  • E-1 皮質脳波のインパルス応答による側頭葉性てんかんの焦点側の同定

    三分一 史和, 内田 直, 荒垣 宏, 平井 伸英, 前原 健寿, 川合 謙介, 清水 博之

    日本統計学会誌   32 ( 3 ) 368 - 368  2002年

    CiNii

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特別研究期間制度(学内資金)

  • スポーツにおける回復過程としての睡眠―身体機能と脳機能に関連して

    2009年10月
    -
    2010年09月

    アメリカ   カリフォルニア大学ディビス校医学部、ブルックヘブン国立研究所、デルタソフトウェア開発部、米国睡眠学会、IMRA研究所

    中国   吉林大学体育学院

    グルジア   I.ベリタシビり国立生理学研究所

    トルコ   ヨーロッパスポーツ科学会

特定課題制度(学内資金)

  • 日中のさまざまなタイミングに行う身体運動が、夜間睡眠に与える効果

    2014年   有竹清夏

     概要を見る

    2014年度卒業田邊弘祐修士論文として、提出した。日中繰り返し行う中強度有酸素運動が夜間睡眠に与える効果スポーツ医科学研究領域5013A045-4 田邊 弘祐 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 研究指導教員:内田 直 教授

  • 睡眠改善のための運動療法の開発

    2013年  

     概要を見る

    本年度は、フィールド研究として行ってきた長期運動が睡眠に及ぼす効果についてのデータを詳細に分析し、以下の結果を得た。これは、スペイン・バルセロナで行われたヨーロッパスポーツ科学会において発表された。運動をした日の夜間睡眠中の心拍数は、運動をしなかった日の心拍数よりも低い。我如古雅史(大学院生)筆頭発表者近年、運動が睡眠中の様々な生理学的指標(脳波、心拍数、深部体温など)に及ぼす影響について調べられている。これまでのいくつかの研究は、運動したあとの夜間睡眠中の心拍数が上がっていることを示している。しかし、これらの研究は実験的に一回の運動をさせたあとの夜間睡眠中の心拍を調べたものである。この研究で、我々は一年間の運動習慣を与えた場合の心拍数の変化について調べた。方法: 23名のオフィス労働者で、それまで習慣的な運動を持っていない人を対象とした。週に4日間、65~73%HRmax(220-年齢の心拍数)を目標として、20分間の自転車エルゴメーターをこぐことを目標とした。運動については、毎日記録をつけてもらった。睡眠中の心拍数は、マットレスの下に挿入するシート型のセンサーを用いた。これは、体の発する体動のほか、心拍や呼吸などの振動を検知し、この振動データにフィルタ処理をして心拍数を抽出するもので、すでに心電図との高い相関を示したデータが出版されている。結果: 年間をとおした運動の回数は週に3.4回であった。一年間を通して、平均の運動会数に有意な変化は見られなかった。平均心拍数は、6ヶ月目では1ヶ月目と9ヶ月目に比べて有意に低かった。運動をした日の夜の心拍数は、運動をしていない日の心拍数よりも有意に低かった。考察: 本研究では、週に3-4回の運動を続けても、睡眠中の心拍数に対する有意な変化は見られなかった。しかし、運動をした日の睡眠中の心拍数は、運動をしていない日よりも低かった。これは、今回行ったような中強度の運動習慣は、睡眠中に副交感神経優位な状態をつくり、これによって心拍数が減少している可能性を示唆している。睡眠改善のための運動は、高強度のものでなく、中強度のものを継続するのが良い可能性がある。The Heart rate during sleep is lower in the day with exercise than without exerciseGaneko, M. 1, Kazama, S. 2, Ito, S. 2, Inagaki, Y. 2, Uchida, S. 31: Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University (Saitama, Japan), 2: Aisin Seiki Co., LTD. (Aichi, Japan), 3: Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University (Saitama, Japan)

  • スポーツパフォーマンス向上のための生体リズムコンディショニング技術の開発

    2012年  

     概要を見る

    本研究では次の3つの研究を行なっている。内1本は、英文論文として出版された。1. スポーツパフォーマンスは、一日の中で様々な時間帯で変動する。一日のうち、時間帯別にスポーツに関わる様々なパフォーマンスがどのように変動するのかを調べた。2.アスリートは、環境隔離室などで生体リズムシフトを行うことができないため、自然光のもとで、光を用いてどの程度位相のシフを行うことができるのかについての実験を行った。3.一日の早起きがもつ位相シフトの効果についての検証を行った。成果1.Circadian variations in muscle strength, darts, Wingate test, and respiratory variables at rest in ultra-short sleep-wake cycleAbstractWe examined circadian variations in muscle strength, darts, Wingate test, and respiratory variables at rest using the 2-4 h ultra-short sleep-wake protocol. Eight healthy men participated in a 24 h laboratory experiment involving 4 alternating cycles of 2 h sleep and 4 h wakefulness. Performance test (muscle strength, darts and Wingate) and measurement of respiratory variables were conducted at 2 h from uprise and at the time of awakening, respectively. The body temperature rhythm was assessed with the cosinor analysis of rectal temperatures measured throughout the experiment. The data were expressed relative to time of day and circadian phases based on each individual time of body temperature minimum. Wingate performance and respiratory variables (V(・)CO2, V(・)E and RER) generally demonstrated significant variations relative to time of day and circadian phases in parallel with body temperature rhythm. There were no significant variations in muscle strength and V(・)O2. Darts performance was more directly related to subjective fatigue and performance tended to be decreased with increased degree of fatigue. These results emphasize the usefulness of the ultra-short sleep wake-cycle protocol. To assess more elaborate circadian variation in performances, especially accuracy, chronobiological protocols such as ultra-short sleep-wake cycle are required. 2.Changes of the human core body temperature rhythm and sleep structure by 6-hour phase advance treatment under a natural light-dark cycle.ABSTRACTObjectiveThe purposes of this study were to reveal how far the core body temperature rhythm phase advances and the corresponding changes in sleep structure. The extremities of core body temperature rhythm shifts and nocturnal sleep structure changes were examined during 6 days of 6-hour phase advance treatment using bright light and melatonin under the natural light-dark cycle.Methods6 healthy males received phase advance treatments with 1 hour bright light exposure after waking, oral melatonin (1.0 mg) administered in the early evening, and advancement of environmental routines intended to advance the onset of the sleep period 1 hour per day. Core body temperature was recorded continuously for 8 days comprising adaptation, baseline, and 6 treatment days. Nighttime sleep quality was evaluated by polysomnography (PSG) on adaptation, baseline, night 3, and night 6. Results and ConclusionThe core body temperature nadir in each day compared with baseline advanced significantly (p < 0.05). The mean nadir had advanced approximately 4.5 hours from baseline by day 6. The only significant change found in sleep structure was REM sleep duration, which was significantly decreased in day 6 compared with baseline (p< 0.05). Significant negative correlations existed between nadir phase advances and %REM in baseline, day 3, and day 6 recordings. Thus, phase advances greater than 4 hours were possible under natural light-dark condition, although a phase shift of 1 hour per day may be too rapid to maintain normal sleep structure.3.The Effects of Advancing Circadian Rhythms versus Acute Phase Shift on the Neurobehavioral Functions, Neuromuscular Control and Muscular Strength in the Early MorningBackground: In general, peak athletic performance has been considered to occur during the late afternoon and the early evening hours when the core body temperature is maximum, and to be worse during subjective late night and early morning when core body temperature is minimum. Phase advances occur as the bright light is given after the core body temperature minimum. Athletic games in the early morning or international athletic competitions with transmeridian travel may not be suitable for the optimum performance. To overcome the circadian disturbance, particularly with morning games, phase advance treatment on athletes is required. The effect of phase advance treatment on the morning performance remains unclear. The purposes of this study are 1) to investigate the effects of advancing human circadian rhythms by exposure to bright light versus by acute sleep-wake cycle change on cognitive functions, neuromuscular control, and muscular strength in the early morning, and 2) to assess the effects of holding a new sleep-wake schedule for a few days on cognitive and motor functions.Design: Six healthy male subjects participated in this study. Following two baseline bed time scheduled from 2200 h to 0600 h, the sleep-wake cycle was advanced 3 hours in the day 3 which sleep episode was scheduled from 1900 h to 0300 h. From the day 4 to the day 7, participants were exposed to bright light for 1 hour after waking. Core body temperature was recorded at one minute intervals by means of a rectal thermistor. Total sleep time, wake after sleep onset and sleep latency, were measured by the activity monitor. Subjective sleepiness and fatigue ratings were performed 5 minutes before scheduled bed time, just after scheduled wake time, and before and after a performance test. The performance test session was conducted at 0800 h in the day 1 (baseline), the day 3 (acute sleep-wake cycle shift), the day 5 (phase advance treatment 1), and the day 7 (phase advance treatment 2). The Test consisted of neurobehavioral assessments, which include the 10-minute Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), and a 4-minute mathematical addition test (ADD), neuromuscular control (Star Excursion Balance Test: SEBT), and muscular strengths including grip strength and back extension. Data were analyzed using a single-factor, repeated-measures ANOVA. When significant effects were found, Bonferroni significant difference test was used for post hoc analysis. Statistical significance was defined as the 95% level of confidence. Results and Discussions: Compared with that of the day 1 (baseline), the core body temperature nadir from the day 3 through the day 7 significantly advanced (p<0.05). The core body temperature after the day 4 also significantly advanced when compared with that of the day 2 whereas no difference was found between the day 2 and the day 3. These results may indicate that maintaining a new sleep-wake schedule at least 2 days rather than only a day would be preferable to re-entrain the human body temperature rhythm to a 3-hour phase advance life pattern. No significant differences were observed in any sleep parameters and subjective sleepiness and fatigue except for sleepiness before the test session on the day 7 compared with on the day 1. This suggests that acute sleep-wake cycle change for 3 hours does not deteriorate the objective and subjective sleep qualities. Scores of DSST and ADD on the day 3 and during phase advance treatment with bright light exposure were higher than on the day 1, and further improvements were observed during the treatment period compared to on the day 3. These suggest that phase advance treatment or at least maintaining the new schedule for a few days can improve neurobehavioral functions. No statistical change was found in SEBT. It can be considered that there is no circadian rhythmicity in the neuromuscular control. Since there was no difference in grip strength in this study, even though the circadian variation in grip strength with peaking at the late afternoon or early evening exists, this study indicates there is no difference between 0800 h and 3 hours later, 1100 h. Back strength on the day 5 was higher than on the day 1 in this study while strength on the day 3 was not high as on the day 5 indicates a few days were needed to re-entrain to a new sleep-wake schedule. Further studies are essential to confirm the effectiveness of 3-hour phase advance treatment on athletic performance in the early morning.

  • 競技パフォーマンスを向上させる生体リズム調節に関する研究

    2011年  

     概要を見る

    研究期間中の研究業績として2つの研究を行った。1.Changes of the human core body temperature rhythm and sleep structure by 6-hour phase advance treatment under a natural light-dark cycle.ABSTRACTObjectiveThe extremities of core body temperature rhythm shifts and nocturnal sleep structure changes were examined during 6 days of 6-hour phase advance treatment using bright light and melatonin under the natural light-dark cycle. Methods6 healthy males received phase advance treatments with 1 hour bright light exposure after waking, oral melatonin (1.0 mg) administered in the early evening, and advancement of environmental routines intended to advance the onset of the sleep period 1 hour per day. Core body temperature was recorded continuously for 8 days comprising adaptation, baseline, and 6 treatment days. Nighttime sleep quality was evaluated by polysomnography (PSG) on adaptation, baseline, night 3, and night 6. Results and ConclusionThe core body temperature nadir in each day compared with baseline advanced significantly (p < 0.05). The mean nadir had advanced approximately 4.5 hours from baseline by day 6. The only significant change found in sleep structure was REM sleep duration, which was significantly decreased in day 6 compared with baseline (p< 0.05). Significant negative correlations existed between nadir phase advances and %REM in baseline, day 3, and day 6 recordings. Thus, phase advances greater than 4 hours were possible under natural light-dark condition, although a phase shift of 1 hour per day may be too rapid to maintain normal sleep structure.2.Circadian Variations in Muscle Strength, Dart Throwing, Wingate Test and Respiratory Measures at Rest During Ultra-short Sleep-wake CyclesAbstractWe examined circadian variations in muscle strength, dart throwing accuracy, Wingate Test power expenditure, and respiratory performance at rest during a 2-4h ultra-short sleep-wake protocol. Eight healthy men participated in a 24h laboratory experiment involving 4 alternating cycles of 2h sleep and 4h wakefulness. Measurement of respiratory variables and performance tests (muscle strength, darts and Wingate Test) were conducted at the time of awakening and 2h after rising from bed, respectively. Circadian period phase reflected by body temperature rhythm was assessed by cosinor analysis of rectal temperatures measured throughout the experiment. Data were analyzed relative to time of day and circadian phases based on the time of each individual's body temperature minimum. Wingate Test performance and respiratory variables (・;VCO2, ・;VE and RER) demonstrated significant circadian variations. There were no significant variations in muscle strength or ・;VO2. Dart throwing accuracy was more directly related to subjective fatigue, with performance tending to decrease with increased degrees of fatigue. These results emphasize the usefulness of the ultra-short sleep wake-cycle protocol. To assess elaborate circadian variations in performance, especially measures of accuracy, chronobiological protocols such as the ultra-short sleep-wake cycle are required.

  • 身体運動、睡眠の質、前頭葉機能の相互関係に関する総合的研究

    2011年  

     概要を見る

    睡眠が脳機能に、与える影響についてこの一年間では3つの研究を行った。1.職域において、運動介入を行い、睡眠の質、気分の変化について調べた。現在、11ヶ月が経過しており、まもなくデータ収集が終了する。解析は、部分的にしか行なっていないが、運動介入により、身体的な変化だけでなく睡眠、気分が改善するケースが見られた。また、研究の途中で、被験者の中に睡眠時無呼吸症候群のケースが見つかるなどの付随的な成果もあった。これらの成果は、簡易型の睡眠計測装置を用いて、睡眠の客観的データを測定したために可能になったものであり、このような睡眠測定の健康科学における重要性についても成果が得られた。一方で、干渉因子も多く、フィールド研究の困難さを感じさせる面もあった。全体の解析が終了すれば、出版を行う予定である。2.健常若年成人を対象として、一過性の有酸素運動を行わせ、その後の睡眠の変化を調べた。有酸素運動は、60%VO2maxの自転車エルゴメーター40分間である。これを8時に行わせ、その後睡眠を取らせた。睡眠構造に変化はなかったが、自律神経系や、糖代謝に対して変化が見られた。特に糖代謝に対する影響については、今後、糖尿病などの患者に対して、習慣的に運動介入を行う場合に、夜間の運動が睡眠中の糖代謝に特異的な影響をあたえるのかどうかという視点で興味がもたれる。運動をどの時間帯に行うのが良いのかについては、様々な研究が行われているが、例えば生活習慣病予防の目的の場合はどうかという視点で、多面的に詳細な研究は未だ行われていない。このような視点で更に研究を進めていきたい。現在、データを解析し、論文を執筆中である。3.運動学習と睡眠についての研究手続き記憶課題を行ったたあと、昼寝をすると、昼寝をしなかった場合に比べて、有意に技術の向上が認められるということが知られているが、これがよりスポーツに関連ある課題で行った場合に同様の効果が認められるかどうかについての実験を行った。課題として、ジャグリングのスリーボールカスケードを行った。その結果、スポーツに関連ある課題でも睡眠による効果が認められた。

  • 身体運動、睡眠の質、前頭葉機能の相互関係に関する総合的研究

    2010年  

     概要を見る

    【背景】運動をすると良く眠れると一般には考えられている。しかしながら、これまでの実験研究においては身体運動が睡眠に及ぼす影響については、まだ統一的な見解は十分に得られていない。一方、身体運動はメタボリックシンドロームのような身体疾患だけでなく、うつ病や認知症など前頭葉障害が想定される疾患に対しても良い効果があると考えられ始めている。また短時間睡眠はうつ病の危険因子である。このように身体運動=睡眠=前頭葉機能という3つ事柄は密接に関連しており、これらを総合的に研究することにより、運動、睡眠を含めた24時間の健康的な生活を、脳機能という視点から考えることができる。本研究の目的は、このように、身体運動=睡眠=前頭葉機能の3つの関連を総合的に明らかにすることにある。【本年度の研究】本年度は、主には二つの研究を行った。一つは、睡眠直前の高強度運動が睡眠に及ぼす効果を明らかにする研究で、睡眠の質の測定として従来のポリグラフだけではなく、自律神経系の指標である心拍変動と、直腸温を経時的に測定解析した。もうひとつは、長期に渡るフィールド研究として、20名の運動習慣のない被験者に対して、毎日自転車エルゴメーターによる運動をしてもらい、その結果として、睡眠、気分、前頭葉機能にどのような変化が現れるのかを明らかにする研究の組み立てを行った。【結果】一つ目の睡眠直前の高強度運動後の睡眠では、ポリグラフによる睡眠の質に有意な変化はなかった。しかしながら、自律神経系、体温には有意な変化があり、運動は中枢神経系の睡眠よりもむしろ睡眠中の身体活動に大きな影響があると考えられた。二つ目の準備では、前記のパラダイムによる長期実験が2011年4月より開始できる見込みとなった。【今後への展望】今後、一過性の運動と長期の運動習慣の両方の視点から、睡眠、前頭葉機能、気分などにたいする身体運動の影響を総合的に考察していきたい。

  • 競技パフォーマンスを向上させる生体リズム調節に関する研究

    2010年  

     概要を見る

    【背景】 これまでの研究で、スポーツを行うパフォーマンスは24時間のサーカディアンリズムを持っていると考えられている。このリズムは、パフォーマンスは午前11時ころから午後11時ころの時間帯で、比較的良く、主にには早朝を含む午前の時間帯ではパフォーマンスが悪い。しかしながら、午前の時間帯に行われる試合は多い。また、国際試合などでは時差障害により、体内時計では午前中である時間帯に試合が行われることもある。これらを改善するために、体内時計を操作する「生体リズムコンディショニング」の研究に我々の研究室では取り組んでいる。本研究では、科研費などのより長期の予算につなげるため、2010年度は予備実験を行った。【本年度の研究活動】本年度は、生体リズムに対して大きな効果を持っていると知られている、高照度光(5000ルックス以上の光)とメラトニンの服用を用いて、生体リズムを前進させ、光環境を統制しない通常の生活環境下でどこまでリズム位相を変化させられるかの予備実験を行った。生体リズムの指標として直腸温の連続測定を行った。【結果】その結果、光とメラトニンを用いた生体リズムの制御をスケジュール通りに行えば、通常の生活環境下においても、6時間程度の位相のシフトが出来ることがわかった。【今後の方向性】6時間のシフトを行えば、朝8時のコンディションは、午後2時とほぼ同等となり、早朝の試合においても良いコンディションでパフォーマンスを行うことが出来ることが予想される。今後、パフォーマンスの変化を含めた研究につなげていきたい。

  • スポーツ観戦の脳科学

    2003年   泰羅雅登, 堀野博之

     概要を見る

    本年度は早稲田大学赴任の年であり、早稲田大学におけるこの分野の研究のフィールドを確保し、さらにfunctionalMRI (fMRI)データを実際に測定する手続きをおこない、さらに、予備的な実験データの取得をすることを目標として研究をおこなった。この目的はほぼ完全に達成できた。具体的には、早稲田大学女子ア式蹴球部部員でユニバシアードレベルの技術をもった5名を対象として、日本大学医学部板橋病院にてfMRIの測定を行った。刺激はブロックデザインによるサッカーシーンの視覚刺激で、被験者にはシーンの次の場面を予測しながら視覚刺激を見るように話した。刺激は、20秒ごとのブロックデザインで、ブランク刺激、プレーをしていないサッカーコートの画面、とプレーをしている画像を比較検討した。その結果、プレーをしていないサッカーコートの場面との比較において、今回の被験者では足の補足運動野の賦活が認められた。この部分は、運動のデザインを行う脳の部分であり、高度な技術を持ったサッカー選手ではサッカー場面の視覚刺激によりこういった部位が賦活されることが示唆された。

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