The Greater Jakarta Metropolitan Area consists of 3 regencies and five cities, making it the second-largest conurbation in the world. The city is grappling with massive environmental issues and rampant social problems that give a rise to a child-unfriendly city. Jakarta is not only unfriendly to the lower-class children but also the higher-class groups. The disconnected transportation network has rendered families, especially those from the middle to high-income groups, to rely on private vehicles for their daily mobility. Due to this situation, children might spend more time on car rides or child-care services such as daycare or domestic nanny. The government has been trying to improve the Greater Jakarta Metropolitan Area's child-friendly city by creating some child-friendly city policies and interventions. But how effective are they to resolve the current issues faced by many Jakartan families? Through this article, we intend to identify families' everyday problems in Jakarta to meet the juggle demands and assess the effectiveness of those policies to resolve the daily issues faced by families in Jakarta. The data were collected through document analysis, internet-based data collection, and in-depth online interviews with 16 respondents living in Greater Jakarta Metropolitan Area. The findings indicated several improvements that Jakarta needs to address to provide a child-friendly environment for its residents.

Page 3: In figure 1, the figure is not yet equipped with its source or reference number that should be written next to the figure title. The figure title was previously written: Figure 1. Jakarta Population According to Age and Gender in 2019. It should written: Figure 1. Jakarta Population According to Age and Gender in 2019 [9]. Page 5: In figure 2, the figure is not yet equipped with its source that should be written next to the figure title. The figure title was previously written: Figure 2. The various functions of RPTRA. It should written: Figure 2. The various functions of RPTRA (Source: Adopted from the document [13]). * The source of figure 2 was not yet listed in the reference list, so it is certainly changing the sequence of reference numbering. In the first sentence of paragraph under figure 2, the reference number was previously written: Approximately 290 RPTRA have been built by 2018 [13], and the government plans to add some more shortly. The addition of the source in figure 2, that was not yet listed in the reference list, is certainly changing the sequence of reference numbering. So, it should be written: Approximately 290 RPTRA have been built by 2018 [14], and the government plans to add some more shortly.

There is a common perception that downtown areas will never attract families and big cities are not the best place to raise children. Particularly the downtown areas of cities been depicted as the place where criminals, prostitutes, drug-sellers, and other dangerous strangers live. People with children are more likely to look for the suburbs to find bigger housing with more affordable prices, cleaner air, richer nature, a slower lifestyle, and safer environment. However, living in the modern suburb is not always easy and cheap, especially for those who need to commute to the central city. Dealing with the long commutes can be stressful and it affects the health, happiness, and well-being of family members. As the number of modern families with both parents in the workforce is rising, the demand to live closer to the workplace is getting stronger and growing. In some parts of the world, more families increasingly want to live in the cities. This trend can be seen in the United States, Japan, Korea, and Canada. Being family-friendly has become increasingly important for modern cities as more millennial generation show the tendency to raise their families in the urban area. Moreover, it is predicted that two-thirds of world's population will live in cities by 2030. To accommodate the growing population, in particular, those with children, modern cities should be developed to suit urban families. But what criteria and qualities make one city more family-friendly than another? What would a family-friendly city look like? To date, the number studies exploring the notion of the family-friendly city has been very limited. Most studies have been focusing on the notion of family-friendly dwellings, family-friendly workplaces, or child-friendly cities. This paper brings together and examines the dominant and recurring ideas about the family-friendly city represented in the relevant literature and current urban practices. This paper also questions whether the concept of the child-friendly city is adequate to create a better environment to raise families in the city.

This paper presents findings from a research project aimed at understanding children’s perceptions of play spaces, with an emphasis on safety and fun. Six places that were considered by the respondents of the first-stage research as having both attributes of safety and fun were observed. The findings show that these spaces are generally separated from motor vehicles and the child and adult users of these spaces show socially acceptable behaviours and a positive response toward children's outdoor play. Nevertheless, the findings also point out the significant differences in the characteristics of the safe and fun play spaces in Tokyo, Japan, and Bandung, Indonesia, in terms of their user behaviour, space availability, play affordances and availability of natural elements.

This study explored the extent to which the enormous development in Bandung City, Indonesia has some bearing on local children as the youngest inhabitants. In particular, it focused on the issue of children's independent mobility and the availability of friendly play environments in children's neighbourhoods. The result of this study showed that the development of Bandung City has created a disparity in access regarding children's opportunities for mobility as well as participation in friendly play environments. This study identified that many children were allowed to visit two places - local shops and the local mosque - without accompanying elders. This study also recognised children's desires to have appropriately designed play spaces, such as parks that are equipped with play equipment and rich in nature. Thus, this study argues the necessity to preserve the remaining and add a significant number of new, free, outdoor play spaces in the city.