2024/12/07 更新

写真a

フルカワ ユキオ
古川 行夫
所属
理工学術院 先進理工学部
職名
教授
学位
理学博士 ( 東京大学 )

経歴

  • 2007年03月
    -
    継続中

    早稲田大学理工学術院教授に配置換

  • 1997年
    -
    継続中

    Professor, Waseda University (Dept of Chemistry)

  • 1997年09月
    -
    2007年03月

    早稲田大学理工学部教授

  • 1992年08月
    -
    1997年08月

    東京大学理学部助教授

  • 1992年
    -
    1997年

    Associate Professor, The University of Tokyo (Dept of Chemistry)

  • 1990年11月
    -
    1992年07月

    東京大学理学部講師

  • 1990年
    -
    1992年

    Lecturer, The University of Tokyo (Dept of Chemistry)

  • 1988年01月
    -
    1990年10月

    東京大学理学部助手

  • 1988年
    -
    1990年

    Assistant, The University of Tokyo (Dept of Chemistry)

  • 1982年
    -
    1988年

    Assistant, Tohoku University (Pharmaceutical Institute)

  • 1982年04月
    -
    1987年12月

    東北大学薬学部助手

▼全件表示

学歴

  • 1988年03月
    -
    継続中

    東京大学大学院   理学博士取得  

  • 1981年04月
    -
    1982年03月

    東京大学大学院   理学系研究科   化学専攻博士課程  

  •  
    -
    1982年

    東京大学  

  • 1979年04月
    -
    1981年03月

    東京大学大学院   理学系研究科   化学専攻修士課程  

  • 1977年04月
    -
    1979年03月

    東京大学   理学部   化学科  

  •  
    -
    1979年

    東京大学  

▼全件表示

委員歴

  • 2020年05月
    -
    継続中

    日本分光学会  監事

  • 2018年05月
    -
    2020年05月

    日本分光学会  理事・会長

  • 2014年05月
    -
    2019年05月

    IAESTE  理事

  • 2016年05月
    -
    2018年04月

    日本分光学会  理事・副会長

  • 2007年12月
    -
    2011年11月

    日本分光学会  理事・副会長

  • 1993年04月
    -
    1994年03月

    日本化学会  関東支部幹事

  • 1993年04月
    -
    1994年03月

    日本分光学会  赤外ラマン部会主査

  • 1992年04月
    -
    1994年03月

    日本化学会  化学と教育誌編集委員

  • 1991年04月
    -
    1992年03月

    日本分光学会  赤外ラマン部会幹事

▼全件表示

所属学協会

  •  
     
     

    応用分光学会

  •  
     
     

    アメリカ化学会

  •  
     
     

    日本分光学会

  •  
     
     

    応用物理学会

  •  
     
     

    日本化学会

研究分野

  • 基礎物理化学   構造化学,分光化学

研究キーワード

  • 赤外分光,ラマン分光,有機無機ハイブリッドペロブスカイト,有機半導体,太陽電池,熱電材料,二酸化炭素の回収と有効利用

  • Physical chemistry

受賞

  • BCSJ賞

    2016年11月   日本化学会  

    受賞者: 古川 行夫

  • 日本分光学会賞

    2016年05月   日本分光学会   赤外・ラマン分光法を用いた高分子半導体・導体に関する研究  

    受賞者: 古川 行夫

  • BCSJ賞

    2013年10月   日本化学会  

    受賞者: 古川 行夫

  • BCSJ賞

    2010年05月   日本化学会  

  • BCSJ Award, The Chemical Society of Japan

    2010年  

  • BCSJ賞

    2009年07月   日本化学会  

  • BCSJ Award, The Chemical Society of Japan

    2009年  

  • BCSJ賞

    2007年10月   日本化学会  

  • BCSJ Award, The Chemical Society of Japan

    2007年  

  • BCSJ賞

    2002年09月   日本化学会  

  • BCSJ Award, The Chemical Society of Japan

    2002年  

▼全件表示

 

論文

  • Near-infrared resonance stimulated Raman study of short-lived transients in PTB7 films

    Tomohisa Takaya, Ippei Enokida, Yukio Furukawa, Koichi Iwata

    VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY   106  2020年01月  [査読有り]

     概要を見る

    Low-bandgap conjugated polymers, which have an alternating structure of electron-donating and electron-withdrawing monomer units in their main chains, are expected to show high photovoltaic efficiency when the monomer units are appropriately designed. For understanding key factors of the photovoltaic efficiency, we have investigated the structure and dynamics of short-lived transients in films of a low-bandgap conjugated polymer with an alternating structure of thieno[3,4-b]thiophene and benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene, PTB7, by time-resolved near-infrared stimulated Raman spectroscopy as well as time-resolved near-infrared absorption spectroscopy. Positive polarons of PTB7 are clearly distinguished from its singlet excitons in stimulated Raman spectra by the peak position of a CC stretch band of the thiophene rings in benzodithiophene and intensity of a C-S-C deformation band of them. These differences strongly suggest that the repeated structure of thiophene rings in the main chain predominantly contributes to the charge transfer characteristics of PTB7 in films. Time-resolved absorption and stimulated Raman spectra of PTB7 films blended with a fullerene derivative show that spectral changes associated with the initial charge separation complete within 1 ps while effects of conformational changes and intermediate species are absent. We suggest that alternating copolymers composed of electron-donating and electron-accepting units commonly undergo the initial charge separation process without conformational changes or intermediates.

    DOI

    Scopus

    2
    被引用数
    (Scopus)
  • Direct Observation of Structure and Dynamics of Photogenerated Charge Carriers in Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Films by Femtosecond Time-Resolved Near-IR Inverse Raman Spectroscopy

    Tomohisa Takaya, Ippei Enokida, Yukio Furukawa, Koichi Iwata

    MOLECULES   24 ( 3 ) 431  2019年02月  [査読有り]

     概要を見る

    The initial charge separation process of conjugated polymers is one of the key factors for understanding their conductivity. The structure of photogenerated transients in conjugated polymers can be observed by resonance Raman spectroscopy in the near-IR region because they exhibit characteristic low-energy transitions. Here, we investigate the structure and dynamics of photogenerated transients in a regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT):[6,6]-phenyl-C-61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) blend film, as well as in a pristine P3HT film, using femtosecond time-resolved resonance inverse Raman spectroscopy in the near-IR region. The transient inverse Raman spectrum of the pristine P3HT film at 50 ps suggests coexistence of neutral and charged excitations, whereas that of the P3HT:PCBM blend film at 50 ps suggests formation of positive polarons with a different structure from those in an FeCl3-doped P3HT film. Time-resolved near-IR inverse Raman spectra of the blend film clearly show the absence of charge separation between P3HT and PCBM within the instrument response time of our spectrometer, while they indicate two independent pathways of the polaron formation with time constants of 0.3 and 10 ps.

    DOI

    Scopus

    15
    被引用数
    (Scopus)
  • Effect of Anions on Bipolaron Formation in Ionic-Liquid-Gated Transistors Fabricated with Poly(2,5-bis(3-hexadecylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) (PBTTT-C16)

    I. Enokida, Y. Furukawa

    Chem. Lett.   48   190039  2019年  [査読有り]

  • Temperature-Dependent Evolution of Raman Spectra of Methylammouium Lead Halide Perovskites, CH3NH3PbX3 (X = I, Br)

    K. Nakada, Y. Matsumoto, Y. Shimoi, K. Yamada, Y. Furukawa

    Molecules   24 ( 3 ) 626  2019年  [査読有り]

  • Doping-Level Dependent Mobilities of Positive Polarons and Bipolarons in Poly(2,5-bis(3-hexadecylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) (PBTTT-C16) Based on an Ionic-Liquid-Gated Transistor Configuration

    I. Enokida, Y. Furukawa

    Org. Electronics   68   28 - 34  2019年  [査読有り]

  • Environmentally stable perovskite film for active material of high stability solid state solar cells

    A. Bahtiar, M. Putri, E. S. Nurazizah, Risdiana, Y. Furukawa

    Journal of Physics: Conference Series   1013 ( 1 )  2018年05月

     概要を見る

    We studied new perovskite material lead (II) thiocyanate [Pb(SCN)2] in ambient air with humidity above 90%. We prepared perovskite film by use of two-step method combination of spin-coating and dip-coating technique. The Pb(SCN)2 film was first spin-coated either on bare glass or TiO2 coated glass and then followed by dipping it into methylammonium iodide (MAI) solution. The UV-Vis spectrum of Pb(SCN)2 film shows absorption at wavelength shorter than 400 nm. Meanwhile, perovskite MAPb(SCN)xI3-x film absorps light ranging from 300 nm to 760 nm, which shows that the perovskite film can absorp more light to be converted into free charge carrier for generating electricity in solar cells. The XRD patterns shows that perovskite peaks are clearly observed which confirms that perovskite is already well formed. We also observe no significant changes in XRD pattern of perovskite films after stored for five days at ambient air with humidity exceed 90%. This result shows that perovskite MAPb(SCN)XI3-X film is environmentally stable, therefore high stability perovskite solar cells is expected to be produced in ambient air with high humidity. This is in accordance with the SEM images of surface morphology that shows no "pin-hole".

    DOI

    Scopus

  • Raman imaging of carrier distribution in the channel of an ionic liquid-gated transistor fabricated with regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene)

    Y. Wada, I. Enokida, J. Yamamoto, Y. Furukawa

    Spectrochimica Acta - Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy   197   166 - 169  2018年05月

     概要を見る

    Raman images of carriers (positive polarons) at the channel of an ionic liquid-gated transistor (ILGT) fabricated with regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) have been measured with excitation at 785 nm. The observed spectra indicate that carriers generated are positive polarons. The intensities of the 1415 cm−1 band attributed to polarons in the P3HT channel were plotted as Raman images
    they showed the carrier density distribution. When the source–drain voltage VD is lower than the source–gate voltage VG (linear region), the carrier density was uniform. When VD is nearly equal to VG (saturation region), a negative carrier density gradient from the source electrode towards the drain electrode was observed. This carrier density distribution is associated with the observed current–voltage characteristics, which is not consistent with the “pinch-off” theory of inorganic semiconductor transistors.

    DOI

    Scopus

    10
    被引用数
    (Scopus)
  • Voltage-induced Infrared Absorption from a Spin-cast Thin Film of Ferroelectric Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE))

    Kenji Takashima, Yukio Furukawa

    ANALYTICAL SCIENCES   33 ( 1 ) 59 - 64  2017年01月

     概要を見る

    Voltage-induced infrared spectra of annealed spin-cast thin films of ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride-cotrifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) (molar ratio, 3:1) were measured in a stepwise cyclic external electric field. Most of the observed infrared bands originated from the beta ferroelectric crystalline phase. The voltage-induced spectral changes were decomposed into zeroth- (original), first-, and second-derivative spectra, and were attributed to the rotational motions of the polymer chains and the vibrational Stark effect. The values of the original spectral absorbance change ratios, Delta A/A, for the 849-cm(-1) band (CF2 symmetric stretching, a(1)) and the 884-cm(-1) band (CH2 rocking, b(2)) of the film exhibited double minimum and maximum peak hysteresis loops, respectively. The intensity of each band increased or decreased suddenly near a coercive field of +/- 0.6 MV/cm. These sudden intensity changes were attributed to the rotational inversion of the polymer chains that are associated with ferroelectricity.

    DOI

    Scopus

    4
    被引用数
    (Scopus)
  • Experimental Evaluation of Temperature and Concentration Effects on Heat of Dissociation of CO2-loaded MEA Solution in Strippers

    Takao Nakagaki, Ryutaro Yamabe, Yukio Furukawa, Hiroshi Sato, Yasuro Yamanaka

    Energy Procedia   114   1910 - 1918  2017年

     概要を見る

    Regeneration heat in strippers of CCS system is affected by operating temperature and concentration of amine solutions and accurate measurement, modelling and prediction of it are necessary to design the strippers with selecting new or blend amine solutions. This paper reports the heat of dissociation of CO2-loaded 30wt% monoethanolamine (MEA) solution quantified experimentally by a small-scale apparatus circulating the solution through absorber and stripper. This method can quantify total regeneration heat as well as breakdown of regeneration heat consisted of the heat of CO2 dissociation, the sensible heat of solution and the latent heat of condensed water simultaneously. The heat of CO2 dissociation agreed well with the heat of CO2 absorption at 120 degrees C in literatures. Aspen Plus offers an example file of rate-based CCS system using MEA, and the process flow diagram (PFD) was developed to simulate the apparatus by using it. The developed PFD with the original electrolyte NRTL model underestimated heat duty of the stripper. We modified temperature dependency of the specific heat capacity of protonated MEA. The modified model could predict accurately the heat of CO2 dissociation as well as mole fraction of chemical species, while effect of solution concentration on the heat of CO2 absorption was still not sufficiently simulated.

    DOI

    Scopus

    6
    被引用数
    (Scopus)
  • 13C-NMR Study of Acid Dissociation Constant (pKa) Effects on the CO2 Absorption and Regeneration of Aqueous Alkanolpiperidine

    Yukio Furukawa, Hirotaka Koriki, Daiki Shuto, Hiroshi Sato, Yasuro Yamanaka

    Energy Procedia   114   1765 - 1771  2017年

     概要を見る

    We have studied the formation rates of HCO3 -/CO3 2-, amine/protonated amine, carbamate/protonated carbamate, and carbonate/protonated carbonate in the course of CO2 absorption at room temperature, and composition changes and CO2 release upon heating at 93 °C for 30 min for aqueous solutions of 9 kinds of alkanolpiperidines using 13C-NMR spectroscopy. The pKa values of these alkanolpiperidines were measured. The initial CO2 capture rates of alkanolpiperidines do not depend on their pKa values, which is quite different from general trends of aqueous amine absorbents. The CO2 release amount of each alkanolpiperidine increased with decreasing pKa, as a general trend. The CO2 release amounts of 1-HE-PD, 2-HM-1-M-PD, 3-HM-1-M-PD, and 4-HM-1-M-PD increased with increasing concentrations.

    DOI

    Scopus

    3
    被引用数
    (Scopus)
  • Reaction of a Stable Digermyne with Acetylenes: Synthesis of a 1,2-Digermabenzene and a 1,4-Digermabarrelene

    Tomohiro Sugahara, Jing-Dong Guo, Takahiro Sasamori, Yusaku Karatsu, Yukio Furukawa, Arturo Espinosa Ferao, Shigeru Nagase, Norihiro Tokitoh

    BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN   89 ( 11 ) 1375 - 1384  2016年11月

     概要を見る

    Reactions between acetylenes and a stable digermyne bearing 4-t-Bu-2,6-[CH(SiMe3)(2)](2)-C6H2 (Tbb) groups afforded the corresponding stable 1,2-digermabenzenes together with the respective 1,4-digermabarrelenes. The properties of the obtained products and the reaction mechanism are discussed on the basis of experimental and theoretical results. Especially, the aromaticity of the newly obtained 1,2-digermabenzene has been discussed on the detailed calculations, revealing its aromatic character to some degree.

    DOI

    Scopus

    52
    被引用数
    (Scopus)
  • Raman spectra of carriers in ionic-liquid-gated transistors fabricated with poly(2,5-bis(3-tetradecylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene)

    Yukio Furukawa, Kotaro Akiyama, Ippei Enokida, Jun Yamamoto

    VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY   85   29 - 34  2016年07月

     概要を見る

    We observed the Raman spectra of carriers, positive polarons and bipolarons, generated in a poly(2,5-bis (3-tetradecylthiophen-2-ypthieno[3,2-13]thiophene) (PBTIT-C14) film by FeCl3 vapor doping. Electrical conductivity and Raman measurements indicate that the dominant carriers in the conducting state were bipolarons. We identified positive polarons and bipolarons generated in an ionic-liquid-gated transistor (ILGT) fabricated with PBTIT-C14 as an active semiconductor and an ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide [BMIM[TFSI] as a gate dielectric using Raman spectroscopy. The relationship between the source-drain current (ID) at a constant source-drain voltage (VD) and the gate voltage (VG) was measured. ID increased above -V-G = 1.1 V and showed a maximum at -V-G = 2.0 V. Positive polarons were formed at the initial stage of electrochemical doping (-V-G = 0.8 V). As ID increased, positive bipolarons were formed. Above V-G = -2.0 V, bipolarons were dominant. The charge density (n), the doping level (x), and the mobility of the bipolarons were calculated from the electrochemical measurements. The highest mobility (mu,) of bipolarons was 0.72 cm(2) V-1 s(-1) at x=110 mol%/repeating unit (-V-G = 2.0 V), whereas the highest mu of polarons was 4.6 x 10(-4) cm(2) V-1 s(-1) at x = 10 mol%. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

    DOI

    Scopus

    12
    被引用数
    (Scopus)
  • Raman study on pentacene:C-60 bulk heterojunction films

    Yasuhiro Iwasawa, Tomoya Sasaki, Takanori Shibata, Yukio Furukawa

    VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY   84   133 - 138  2016年05月

     概要を見る

    We measured 785 nm excited Raman and infrared spectra of pentacene-d(14). The observed spectra were assigned on the basis of the Raman and infrared spectra calculated by the density functional theory (DFT) method at the B3LYP/6-311 + G** level. We measured 785 nm excited Raman spectrum of a pentacne-d(14): C-60 bulk heterojunction film. The spectrum was assigned on the basis of the wavenumber shifts upon deuteration of pentacene. The assignments of the 1462 and 493 cm(-1) A(g) bands of C-60 were confirmed. The 511, 453, and 256 cm(-1) bands, which were observed only in pentacene:C-60 bulk heterojunction films, did not show large deuteration shifts. This result indicates that the 511, 453, and 256 cm(-1) bands are attributed to activation of the silent modes of C-60 due to symmetry lowering. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

    DOI

    Scopus

    2
    被引用数
    (Scopus)
  • Infrared spectroscopic study on electric-field-induced dynamics of polymer chains in a ferroelectric melt-quenched cold-drawn film of nylon-12

    Hayato Isoda, Yukio Furukawa

    VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY   84   30 - 37  2016年05月

     概要を見る

    We studied the intensity changes of the infrared bands of a ferroelectric melt-quenched, cold-drawn film of nylon-12 as a function of an external cyclic stepwise electric field with the polarization perpendicular to the draw direction. The infrared bands assigned to the NH stretching and amide I modes exhibited butterfly-shaped hysteresis loops characteristic of ferroelectric materials, whereas the intensity changes of the infrared bands assigned to the CH2 antisymmetric and symmetric stretching modes were small and showed no butterfly-shaped hysteresis loops. These results indicate that only the amide groups were inverted under the external electric field. We proposed a molecular mechanism explaining the ferroelectric properties of nylon-12: the amide groups in the antiparallel beta-sheet structure are inverted by the external electric field to form new hydrogen bonds, generating two stable states in a nearly double minimum potential. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

    DOI

    Scopus

    2
    被引用数
    (Scopus)
  • Raman characterization and electrical properties of poly(3-hexylthiophene) doped electrochemically in an ionic liquid-gated transistor geometry

    Jun Yamamoto, Yukio Furukawa

    ORGANIC ELECTRONICS   28   82 - 87  2016年01月

     概要を見る

    Using Raman spectroscopy, we observed carriers, polarons and bipolarons formed in an ionic-liquid-gated P3HT electrochemical transistor with an ionic liquid [BMIM][TFSI] as a gate dielectric. The relationships between the source-drain current (I-D), the gate voltage (V-G) at a constant source-drain voltage (V-D), and injected charges at each V-G were investigated. An increase in I-D is attributed to the formation of positive polarons, whereas a decrease in I-D corresponded to positive bipolarons. Thus, positive polarons are efficient carriers in P3HT electrochemical transistors. Charge densities, doping levels, electrical conductivities, and mobilities of tiolarons in P3HT were calculated from the electrochemical measurements. Only positive polarons exist below the dopant level x = 27 mol%, whereas at higher doping levels, polarons and bipolarons coexist. The mobility of polarons was dependent on the doping level. The highest mobility was 031 cm(2) V-1 s(-1) at x = 15 mol%. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

    DOI

    Scopus

    28
    被引用数
    (Scopus)
  • Raman study of the interaction between regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and transition-metal oxides MoO3, V2O(5), and WO3 in polymer solar cells

    Jun Yamamoto, Yukio Furukawa

    CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS   644   267 - 270  2016年01月

     概要を見る

    We measured the Raman spectra of indium-tin oxide (ITO)/poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)/metal oxide (MoO3, V2O(5), or WO3) samples as an anode buffer layer. The difference Raman spectrum between ITO/P3HT/MoO3 and ITO/P3HT was similar to that of positive polarons generated by FeCl3 doping, which indicated that positive polarons were formed upon MoO3 deposition. MoO3 functioned as an oxidizing dopant. Positive polarons were also formed upon V2O(5) and WO3 deposition. The polaron electronic energy levels formed near the Fermi level of an ITO, Ag, or Au electrode are associated with an improvement of charge transport through the interface. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

    DOI

    Scopus

    18
    被引用数
    (Scopus)
  • Non-destructive Raman evaluation of a heavily doped surface layer fabricated by laser doping with B-doped Si nanoparticles

    Miho Momose, Yukio Furukawa

    MATERIALS SCIENCE IN SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSING   39   748 - 754  2015年11月

     概要を見る

    The heavy B-doping of an intrinsic Si(1 0 0) wafer has been performed by irradiating a B-doped Si nanoparticle film on the surface of the Si(1 0 0) substrate with energy densities of 8.0 and 16.0 J/cm(2) by 532-nm laser light. The thicknesses of the heavily doped surface layers were investigated using Raman spectroscopy. The observed 488.0-nm-excited Raman bands were decomposed into two bands: a Fano-type band due to the heavily doped Si surface layer and a Voigt band due to the lightly doped, intrinsic Si region. The analysis of the Fano-type band indicated that the carrier concentration of the heavily doped region was larger than approximately 10(19) cm(-3). Based on the two-state model, the thicknesses of the heavily doped surface layers were 480 and 630 nm for the samples prepared with energy densities of 8.0 and 16.0 J/cm(2), respectively. These values were consistent with those obtained by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

    DOI

    Scopus

    2
    被引用数
    (Scopus)
  • Electric-Field-Induced Dynamics of Polymer Chains in a Ferroelectric Melt-Quenched Cold-Drawn Film of Nylon-11 Using Infrared Spectroscopy

    Hayato Isoda, Yukio Furukawa

    JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B   119 ( 44 ) 14309 - 14314  2015年11月

     概要を見る

    The changes in intensity of the infrared bands of a ferroelectric melt-quenched, cold-drawn film of nylon-11 were measured as a function of a cyclic external electric field of 1.4 MV/cm. The infrared bands assigned to the NH stretching, amide I, NH-vicinal, and CO-vicinal CH2 scissoring modes showed butterfly-shaped hysteresis loops that are characteristic of ferroelectrics; however, the intensity changes of the infrared bands assigned to the CH2 antisymmetric and symmetric stretching modes are small and showed no butterfly-shaped hysteresis loops. These results indicate that the amide groups are inverted, while the methylene groups are not inverted under the external electric field. We propose a new molecular mechanism that explains the ferroelectric properties of nylon-11. Only the amide groups in the antiparallel beta-sheet structure are inverted by the external electric field to form new hydrogen bonds; these two states form a nearly double-minimum potential.

    DOI

    Scopus

    19
    被引用数
    (Scopus)
  • Raman study on a bulk-heterojunction film of pentacene and C-60

    Yasuhiro Iwasawa, Yukio Furukawa

    CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS   636   58 - 61  2015年09月

     概要を見る

    We measured the 785-nm excited Raman spectrum of a pentacene:C-60 blend film. The 1462-, 492-, and 268-cm(-1) bands of C-60 showed broadening in bandwidth and downward shifts in peak wavenumbers, whereas such broadening and downward shifts were not observed for pentacene. These results indicate that there are pentacene crystallites among the amorphous C-60. The intensity ratio of the 1598-cm(-1) (B-3g) and the 1534-cm(-1) (A(g)) bands indicates that pentacene molecules have standing orientations. The appearance of a 514-cm (1) band (Flu) and the splitting of the H-g bands of C-60 indicate symmetry lowering induced by the interaction between pentacene and C-60 molecules. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

    DOI

    Scopus

    4
    被引用数
    (Scopus)
  • Vibrational Stark effect of 9-cyanoanthracene dispersed in a poly(methyl methacrylate) film

    Kenji Takashima, Yukio Furukawa

    CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS   633   252 - 255  2015年07月

     概要を見る

    The vibrational Stark effect (VSE) spectra of the CN stretching band of 9-cyanoanthracene dispersed in a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) film were measured under electric fields of 1.27-1.82 MV/cm at 77K using the difference FT-IR method and a cell with a BaF2/Al/9-cyanoanthracene (10 mol%):PMMA/Al structure. The changes in the electric dipole moment between the ground and the first excited states of the CN stretching mode were 0.0299 +/- 0.0003 D/f, where f is a local field correction factor. This novel polymer matrix method will be useful for measuring the VSE of low molecular weight compounds. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

    DOI

    Scopus

    4
    被引用数
    (Scopus)
  • Raman Spectroscopic Study on Phosphorous-Doped Silicon Nanoparticles

    Miho Momose, Masao Hirasaka, Yukio Furukawa

    APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY   69 ( 7 ) 877 - 882  2015年07月

     概要を見る

    The Raman spectra of films prepared from 8, 19, and 30 nm nanoparticles of silicon doped with phosphorous were measured with excitation at 514.5 nm. The observed spectra were analyzed by decomposing the observed Raman bands into three symmetric Voigt function bands, which were assigned to the Si Si stretching modes of crystalline, boundary, and amorphous-like components. The fractions of crystalline, boundary, and amorphous-like regions were estimated from the obtained components. The obtained fractions can be explained as a sphere-like nanoparticle consisting of a crystalline core surrounded with boundary and amorphous-like shells, which is consistent with the transmission electron microscope images showing a sphere-like shape. The observed spectral shape of the 8 nm nanoparticle film showed significant changes upon light irradiation with a power density of 5.5 kW cm(-2), i.e., the amorphous-like region converted to a crystalline one. The temperature of the film under laser irradiation was estimated to be lower than 1041 degrees C from the anti-Stokes to the Stokes Raman bands due to the Si Si stretching mode. The observed partial crystallization is probably induced by heating associated with light irradiation.

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  • Effect of electric field on the infrared spectrum of a ferroelectric poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) film

    Hayato Isoda, Yukio Furukawa

    VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY   78   12 - 16  2015年05月

     概要を見る

    We have used infrared spectroscopy to study electric-field induced motions of polymer chains in a ferroelectric uniaxially drawn film of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) [P(VDF-HFP)] (molar ratio, 1:0.18) consisting mainly of the polar crystalline beta phase. We analyzed the observed spectra under the C-2v symmetry of an infinite poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) chain. The changes in intensity of the a(1) bands (2979, 1432, 1280, and 842 cm(-1)), b(1) bands (1073 cm(-1)), and b(2) bands (3017, 1168, and 880 cm(-1)) showed butterfly-shaped hysteresis loops characteristic of ferroelectricity when the electric field was varied from 1.4 to 1.4 MV/cm. The changes in intensity of the a(1) and b(2) bands with transition dipole moments perpendicular to the polymer chain were large, whereas those of the b(1) bands with transition dipole moments parallel to the polymer chain were small. The changes in intensity of the a(1) and b(2) bands were mainly attributed to the inversion of the polymer chain around the polymer axis. On the other hand, the changes in intensity of the b(1) band were attributed to the motion of a polar crystallite. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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  • Vibrational Stark effect (VSE) on the infrared spectrum of a poly(methyl methacrylate) thin film

    Kenji Takashima, Yukio Furukawa

    VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY   78   54 - 59  2015年05月

     概要を見る

    Electric-field-induced infrared spectra of a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) thin film have been collected in the temperature range between 77 and 297 K by the difference FT-IR method using a cell with a BaF2/Al/PMMA (500 nm)/Al layered structure. The observed temperature dependence suggests that the electric-field-induced spectra collected below 150 K are due to the vibrational Stark effect (VSE), whereas those collected above 150 K are caused by the VSE, electric-field-induced molecular orientation changes, etc. The dependence of the VSE spectrum on the electric field was also measured between 2.0 and 2.8 MV/cm at 77K. The slightly asymmetric infrared band with a peak at 1732 cm(-1) and its VSE spectrum were fitted with two bands with peaks at 1741 and 1731 cm-1. The 1731-cm(-1) band was assigned to C=O stretching vibration. The values of the changes in the electric dipole moment Delta mu and polarizability Delta alpha between the ground and the first excited vibrational states of the C=O stretching mode were determined to be 0.0633 Df(-1) and -3.3 angstrom(3)f(-2), respectively, where f is a local field correction factor. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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  • Electronic and Vibrational Spectra of Positive Polarons and Bipolarons in Regioregular Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Doped with Ferric Chloride

    Jun Yamamoto, Yukio Furukawa

    JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B   119 ( 13 ) 4788 - 4794  2015年04月

     概要を見る

    We studied the carriers generated in regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) upon FeCl3 vapor and solution doping using visible/near-infrared (VIS/NIR) absorption, infrared (IR), and Raman spectroscopy. Upon doping with an FeCl3 solution in air, the main carriers that were generated were positive polarons. Upon doping with FeCl3 vapor, positive polarons also formed initially, but at higher doping levels, positive bipolarons formed with the concomitant disappearance of the positive polarons. The Raman and IR spectra of the positive bipolarons and the positive polarons were obtained. Raman spectroscopy is very useful for characterizing positive polarons and bipolarons. The Raman results indicated that the positive bipolarons were converted to polarons upon heating to 85 degrees C, indicating that the positive bipolarons formed a metastable state. The temporal changes in the electrical conductivity of a P3HT film upon doping with FeCl3 vapor were measured. The conductivity reached a maximum and then decreased by 2 orders of magnitude. This result suggests that the mobility of the polarons is approximately 100 times as high as that of the bipolarons.

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  • Terahertz absorption spectra of oxidized polyethylene and their analysis by quantum chemical calculations

    Marina Komatsu, Masashi Hosobuchi, Xiaojun Xie, Yonghong Cheng, Yukio Furukawa, Maya Mizuno, Kaori Fukunaga, Yoshimichi Ohki

    JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS   53 ( 9 )  2014年09月

     概要を見る

    Low-density polyethylene, either cross-linked or not, was oxidized and its absorption spectra were measured in the terahertz (THz) range and infrared range. The absorption was increased by the oxidation in the whole THz range. In accord with this, infrared absorption due to carbonyl groups appears. Although these results indicate that the increase in absorption is induced by oxidation, its attribution to resonance or relaxation is unclear. To clarify this point, the vibrational frequencies of three-dimensional polyethylene models with and without carbonyl groups were quantum chemically calculated. As a result, it was clarified that optically inactive skeletal vibrations in polyethylene become active upon oxidation. Furthermore, several absorption peaks due to vibrational resonances are induced by oxidation at wavenumbers from 20 to 100 cm(-1). If these absorption peaks are broadened and are superimposed on each other, the absorption spectrum observed experimentally can be reproduced. Therefore, the absorption is ascribable to resonance. (C) 2014 The Japan Society of Applied Physics

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  • Synthesis of 1,4-Dihydropyridines and Their Fluorescence Properties

    Shunsuke Sueki, Ryo Takei, Yuto Zaitsu, Junya Abe, Akane Fukuda, Keisuke Seto, Yukio Furukawa, Isao Shimizu

    EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY   2014 ( 24 ) 5281 - 5301  2014年08月

     概要を見る

    We have successfully synthesized 3,4,5-substituted 1,4-dihydropyridines (1,4-DHPs) from amine hydrochloride salts, aldehydes, and acetals in good yields without the addition of a catalyst. The synthesized 1,4-DHPs exhibit various wavelengths of fluorescence, which could be tuned by changing the substituents at the 3- and 5-positions of the 1,4-DHPs.

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  • Raman spectroscopic study on boron-doped silicon nanoparticles

    Miho Momose, Masao Hirasaka, Yukio Furukawa

    VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY   72   62 - 65  2014年05月

     概要を見る

    Raman analyses were performed on thin films prepared from B-doped Si nanoparticles with an average diameter of 15 nm using the spin-coating method. The resulting spectrum exhibited a broad band with a peak near 520 cm(-1). The band was decomposed into three bands corresponding to the crystalline, grain boundary (GB), and amorphous regions by the least-squares band-fitting method based on the three Voigt bands. The fractions of the crystalline, GB, and amorphous regions were 37%, 35%, and 28%, respectively. A spherical particle exhibited an ordered crystalline core surrounded by a disordered shell in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image. The crystalline fraction of the 15-nm B-doped Si nanoparticle film was much lower than that of the 19-nm P-doped Si nanoparticle film. This result suggested that the B-doping mechanism was different from that of P-doping. The temperature of the sample was estimated from the ratio of the peak intensities of anti-Stokes to Stokes Raman bands (I-AS/I-S) observed near 520 cm(-1). The temperature of the B-doped Si nanoparticle film upon irradiation at a power density of 4.6 kW/cm(2) was 298 degrees C, whereas the temperature of the P-doped Si nanoparticle film was 92 degrees C. The B-doped Si nanoparticle films were capable of producing light-induced heat. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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  • High crystallinity parameter poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) thin film fabricated by the electrospray deposition method

    Yingjie Liao, Takeshi Fukuda, Kenji Takagi, Norihiko Kamata, Fumihiko Fukuda, Yukio Furukawa

    THIN SOLID FILMS   554   132 - 136  2014年03月

     概要を見る

    Control of the crystallinity parameter and phase segregation of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) and the soluble fullerene derivative [6,6]-phenyl C-61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) is a critical issue for polymer/ fullerene-type organic photovoltaic cell applications. In this paper, P3HT thin films and P3HT: PCBM blend thin films were fabricated using the electrospray deposition method. The Raman spectral features of the samples were estimated using a two-peak fitting with a mixture of Gaussian and Lorentzian functions to determine their crystallinity parameters. Then, the relationship between the film morphology and crystallinity parameter was investigated. Homogenous P3HT thin films with high crystallinity parameters were obtained under dry/wet conditions, and a similar trend was found for P3HT: PCBM blend films. (C) 2013 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.

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    11
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  • C-13-NMR study of acid dissociation constant (pKa) effects on the CO2 absorption and regeneration of aqueous tertiary alkanolamines

    Kogoro Hayashi, Yukio Furukawa, Hiroshi Sato, Yasuro Yamanaka

    12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12   63   1876 - 1881  2014年

     概要を見る

    We have studied the formation rates of chemical species such as CO32-/HCO3-, amine/protonated amine, and carbonate/protonated carbonate in the course of CO2 absorption at room temperature and concentration changes after CO2 release upon heating at 93 degrees C for 30 min for aqueous solutions of 12 kinds of tertiary alkanolamines using C-13-NMR spectroscopy. A positive linear correlation was found between the CO2 capture rates of alkanolamines having a normal hydroxyalkyl group and their pKa values. The CO2 capture rates of alkanolamines having a branched hydroxyalkyl group were lower than those in this relationship. The CO2 release amount of each tertiary amine increased with decreasing pKa, as a general trend. N-ethyldiethanolamine (EDEA) showed the largest CO2 release amount and a moderately high rate of CO2 absorption. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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  • Experimental evaluation of effect of oxidative degradation of aqueous monoethanolamine on heat of CO2 absorption, vapor liquid equilibrium and CO2 absorption rate

    Takao Nakagaki, Ippei Tanaka, Yukio Furukawa, Hiroshi Sato, Yasuro Yamanaka

    12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12   63   2384 - 2393  2014年

     概要を見る

    Oxidative degradation produces carboxylic acids which are one of the undesirable degradation products and may have a negative impact on the CO2 separation energy of post combustion capture system. 30wt% MEA solutions mixed with carboxylic acids were regarded as a simulated solution for degraded MEA and effect of the additives on heat of CO2 absorption, equilibrium CO2 loading and CO2 absorption rate were experimentally evaluated by using a differential reaction calorimetry (DRC) apparatus, a pressurized vessel to obtain vapor liquid equilibrium (VLE) data and a gas-liquid contactor, respectively. At the range of CO2 loading from 0.0 to 0.3 mol-CO2/mol-amine, the heat of CO2 absorption of the simulated solution increased by around 10% compared to the normal MEA solution. Moreover, the changing-point of the heat of CO2 absorption of the simulated solution moved to a leaner CO2 loading compared to the normal solution. Result of a C-13-NMR analysis also indicated the change in reaction mechanism. At the absorber condition, the equilibrium CO2 loading of the simulated solution decreased by 20% in comparison with the normal solution, where it decreased by 10 /0 at the stripper condition and therefore the cyclic CO2 loading also decreased. Both CO2 absorption rates decreased linearly but in different gradients with increasing CO2 loading. Higher pH in the simulated solution kept higher CO2 absorption rate, which is consistent with the result of pH measurement. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creati vecornmons.orgll censes/hy-nc-nd/3.0/)

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  • C-13-NMR study of acid dissociation constant (pKa) effects on the CO2 absorption and regeneration of aqueous tertiary alkanolamine-piperazine blends

    Miho Nitta, Kogoro Hayashi, Yukio Furukawa, Hiroshi Sato, Yasuro Yamanaka

    12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, GHGT-12   63   1863 - 1868  2014年

     概要を見る

    We have studied the concentration changes of chemical species such as CO32-/HCO3-, amine/protonated species, carbonate/protonated species, carbamates/protonated species, etc. in the course of CO2 absorption and those after CO2 release upon heating at 93 degrees C for 30 min for aqueous blends of piperazine (PZ) and each of 11 tertiary alkanolamines using C-13-NMR spectroscopy. The initial rates of CO2 capture of the blends ranged between 0.125 and 0.167 mol/L min, which were contributed by the rapid formation of PZ monocarbamate. A positive linear correlation was found between the CO2 release amounts of the blends upon heating and the pKa values of the tertiary alkanolamines. The CO2 content captured as PZ mono-and bis-carbamates decreased upon heating in the pKa range smaller than 9.34, whereas it increased upon heating in the pKa range higher than 9.55. A tertiary alkanolamine having the pKa smaller than 9.34 is promising as a blend amine with PZ. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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  • Raman temperature measurements of copper phthalocyanine layer of organic light-emitting diode using bandwidth-temperature relationship

    Ryota Iwasaki, Masaki Hirose, Yukio Furukawa

    Japanese Journal of Applied Physics   52 ( 5 )  2013年05月

     概要を見る

    We have estimated the temperature of a buried copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) layer in an organic light-emitting diode with the glass/indium-tinoxide (ITO)/CuPc/N,N0-di-1-naphthaleyl-N,N0-diphenyl-1,10-biphenyl-4,40-diamine (NPD)/tris(8-quinolinolato)aluminum(III) (Alq3)/LiF-Al structure from the full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of a Raman band at around 1528 cm-1. The FWHMs of the band were measured at temperatures in the range from 25 to 200 C. A linear equation was obtained from the observed data by the least-squares method. We estimated the temperature of the CuPc layer in an operating organic light-emitting diode at current densities from 100 to 1000 mA/cm2 using this relationship. The highest temperature was 148 4 -C at a current density of 1000 mA/cm2. © 2013 The Japan Society of Applied Physics.

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  • 1,2-Bis(ferrocenyl)-substituted distibene and dibismuthene: Sb=Sb and Bi=Bi units as π spacers between two ferrocenyl units

    Michiyasu Sakagami, Takahiro Sasamori, Heisuke Sakai, Yukio Furukawa, Norihiro Tokitoh

    Chemistry - An Asian Journal   8 ( 4 ) 690 - 693  2013年04月

     概要を見る

    Pi in the sky: 1,2-bis(ferrocenyl)distibene and 1,2-bis(ferrocenyl) dibismuthene derivatives, where two bulky ferrocenyl units are bridged by a Sb=Sb and Bi=Bi π spacer, have been synthesized as a new family of novel d-π conjugated systems. Their molecular structures, spectroscopic behavior, and electrochemical properties reveal the Sb=Sb and Bi=Bi units to be effective π-electron spacers. Copyright © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

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  • Experimental study on CO2 solubility in aqueous Piperazine/alkanolamines solutions at stripper conditions

    Shota Inoue, Takuya Itakura, Takao Nakagaki, Yukio Furukawa, Hiroshi Sato, Yasuro Yamanaka

    GHGT-11   37   1751 - 1759  2013年

     概要を見る

    Vapor liquid equilibrium (VLE) experiments using pressurized vessel operated at wide range of temperatures from 40 degrees C to 120 degrees C were conducted with four binary solutions of Piperazine (PZ) and alkanolamines, which are 2-Isopropylaminoethanol (IPAE), Monoethanolamine (MEA), Diethanolamine (DEA) and Methyldiethanolamine (MDEA). Effective CO2 loadings of some PZ based binary solutions, which meant the difference between the CO2 loadings at the consistent absorber and stripper conditions, increased in comparison with the PZ only solution and especially, PZ/MDEA showed the largest effective CO2 loading. CO2 loadings at the stripper condition did not depend on additive amount of MDEA to PZ and was the same CO2 loading as PZ only solution, while those increased with increase in MDEA concentration at the absorber condition. According to the reaction products analysis for PZ/MDEA samples operated at different temperature by using C-13-NMR spectroscopy, the bicarbonate in the solution decreased significantly with increase in temperature, but the PZ carbamate dissociated CO2 much less than the carbamate even at 120 degrees C. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of GHGT

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  • C-13-NMR Spectroscopic Study on Chemical Species in Piperazine-Amine-CO2-H2O System before and after Heating

    Miho Nitta, Masaki Hirose, Toru Abe, Yukio Furukawa, Hiroshi Sato, Yasuro Yamanaka

    GHGT-11   37   869 - 876  2013年

     概要を見る

    Chemical reactions associated with the absorption of CO2 into aqueous solutions of blends of piperazine (PZ) with N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), etc. were studied by C-13-NMR spectroscopy. The coexistence of PZ and MDEA enhanced the initial apparent rate of HCO3-/CO32- formation. This result can be explained by considering that PZ monocarbamate rapidly formed works as an organocatalyst in the formation reaction of HCO3-. Concentration changes of chemical species in CO2-absorbed aqueous amine solutions upon heating (80 degrees C, 30 min) were studied by C-13-NMR spectroscopy. Carbon dioxide regeneration originates mainly from HCO3-/CO32-, and not from carbamate and carbonate.(C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of GHGT

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  • Bis(1,2,5-thiadiazolo)-p-quinobis(1,3-dithiole) (BTQBT) Templating Effect on Structure and Performance of Organic Solar Cells

    Yasuhiro Iwasawa, Yukio Furukawa

    PADJADJARAN INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM 2013 (PIPS-2013): CONTRIBUTION OF PHYSICS ON ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENERGY CONSERVATIONS   1554   47 - 49  2013年

     概要を見る

    We have studied the templating effect of bis(1,2,5-thiadiazolo)-p-quinobis(1,3-dithiole) (BTQBT) on structure and performance of organic solar cells having the multilayer of ITO/BTQBT/metal-free phthalocyanine (H2Pc)/C-60/2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP)/Al. Orientation of H2Pc molecules has been studied by infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy. The angle between the molecular plane and the substrate surface was 82 degrees for an ITO/H2Pc sample, whereas 32 degrees for an ITO/BTQBT/H2Pc sample. The angle depends on the materials below the H2Pc layer. The short-circuit current was increased from 3.97 to 5.45 mA/cm(2) by the insertion of the BTQBT layer. This result probably originates from the change in orientation of H2Pc molecules. The power conversion efficiency of the solar cell with the ITO/BTQBT/H2Pc/C-60/BCP/Al structure was 1.4 %, whereas that of a cell without the BTQBT layer was 1.1 %. The efficiency was also enhanced by the insertion of the BTQBT layer.

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  • 1,2-bis(ferrocenyl)dipnictenes: Bimetallic systems with a Pn=Pn heavy π-spacer (Pn: P, Sb, and Bi)

    Michiyasu Sakagami, Takahiro Sasamori, Heisuke Sakai, Yukio Furukawa, Norihiro Tokitoh

    Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan   86 ( 10 ) 1132 - 1143  2013年

     概要を見る

    1,2-Bis(ferrocenyl)dipnictenes bearing a Pn=Pn π-spacer (Pn: P (1), Sb (2), and Bi (3)) between two ferrocenyl units have been synthesized as stable compounds. Not only their molecular structures and fundamental properties but also their redox behavior have been systematically disclosed. Interestingly, in the reduction region, the dipnictenes showed two pseudo-reversible one-electron redox couples at low temperature, suggesting possible generation of the corresponding radical anion and dianion species. On the other hand, they showed three-step one-electron oxidation processes in the oxidation region. The first two oxidation steps would correspond to those of the two ferrocenyl moieties, while the third step would be that of the Pn=Pn π-spacer moiety, respectively. Thus, these 1,2-bis(ferrocenyl)dipnictenes with a Pn=Pn π-spacer should be stable multiredox systems reflecting unique properties of a double bond between heavier 15 group elements. As a result, all Pn=Pn units (Pn: P, Sb, and Bi) were found to work as a more effective π-spacer than those of 2nd row elements such as C=C and N=N. © 2013 The Chemical Society of Japan.

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  • Measurements of THz Absorption Peaks in Photo-degraded Polyethylene and Their Assignment by Quantum Chemical Calculations

    M. Hosobuchi, M. Komatsu, X. Xie, Y. Cheng, Y. Furukawa, Y. Ohki, M. Mizuno, K. Fukunaga

    2013 IEEE CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL INSULATION AND DIELECTRIC PHENOMENA (CEIDP)     1046 - 1049  2013年

     概要を見る

    Electrical insulation properties of low density polyethylene (LDPE) are still unclear, especially when it is degraded. In this regard, ultraviolet (UV) photons were irradiated to LDPE sheets at room temperature and 85 degrees C and their absorption spectra were measured at frequencies from 0.5 to 3.0 THz and from 18 to 105 THz. A very broad absorption band with its peak at around 1.6 THz appears by the UV irradiation. In accord with this appearance, the infrared absorption peak due to a carbonyl structure increases. Quantum chemical calculations were carried out using 3-dimensional models with and without carbonyl groups. As a result, the model with carbonyl groups was found to have optically active modes at about 1.7 THz. From these results, the increase in absorption at 1.6 THz is assumed to be induced by oxidation.

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  • Lab-scale Characterization of CO2 Absorbents Containing Various Amine Species

    Hiroshi Sato, Kumiko Yoshihisa, Nobuhiko Kubota, Katsumi Takahashi, Ario Matsumoto, Yasuro Yamanaka, Yukio Furukawa

    GHGT-11   37   431 - 435  2013年  [査読有り]

     概要を見る

    Characterizations of CO2 absorbents containing various amine species were carried out with their simple aqueous solutions and binary mixed solutions. Absorption and desorption process were demonstrated under the temperature of 50 degrees C and 80 degrees C, respectively. All absorbents were characterized using two indexes; absorption rate and release ratio. The results show typical primary amines have high absorption rate and low release ratio, while tertiary amines has low absorption rate and high release ratio. The characteristics of mixed absorbents changed continuously by changing compositions of mixed amine species. The result of quantitative analysis show negative relationship between bicarbonate formation and release ratio, indicating bicarbonate formation does not affect directly to release ratio of the CO2 absorbent. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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  • Study on solid structure of pentacene thin films using Raman imaging

    Keisuke Seto, Yukio Furukawa

    JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY   43 ( 12 ) 2015 - 2019  2012年12月

     概要を見る

    We present a 532-nm excited Raman imaging study of pentacene thin films (thickness, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, and 150?nm) prepared on an SiO2 surface. The structure of the pentacene films has been investigated by images and histograms of the ratio (R) of intensity of the 1596-cm-1 band (b3g) to that of the 1533-cm-1 band (ag), which can be used as a marker of solid-state phases: 1.54-nm and 1.44-nm phases. The Raman images showed that island-like 1.44-nm phase domains are grown on the 1.54-nm phase layer from 50?nm, and all the surface of the 1.54-nm phase layer is covered with the 1.44-nm phase layer from 100?nm. The structural disorders have been discussed on the basis of the full width at half maximum of a band in the histogram of the R values for each film. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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  • Infrared and Raman spectroscopy of organic thin films used for electronic devices

    Y. Furukawa, K. Seto, K. Nakajima, Y. Itoh, J. Eguchi, T. Sugiyama, H. Fujimura

    VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY   60   5 - 9  2012年05月

     概要を見る

    We present Raman imaging and photoexcitation infrared studies of organic semiconductor films, which are used in organic light-emitting diodes, thin-film transistors, and photovoltaic solar cells. Raman images of the ratio (R) of intensity of the 1596-cm(-1) band (b(3g)) to that of the 1533-cm(-1) band (a(g)) were used for characterizing the 1.55-nm and the 1.44-nm phases in pentacene thin films. The Raman spectrum of N,N'-di-1-naphthaleyl-N,N'-diphenyl-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (NPD) film formed on a MoO3-deposited indium-tin-oxide (ITO)/glass substrate indicated that the cation of NPD is formed upon oxidation by MoO3. The Raman image of the sample showed the heterogeneous distribution of the cation of NPD. Photoinduced infrared absorption from a film of regioregular poly(3-octylthiophene) (P3OT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C-61-butyric acid methyl ether (PCBM) blend was measured by difference infrared spectroscopy. The temperature dependence of photoinduced infrared absorption due to positive polarons showed the existence of two kinds of carrier traps. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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  • Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of a Stable 1,2-Dibromodialumane(4) Bearing a Bulky Aryl Substituent

    Tomohiro Agou, Koichi Nagata, Heisuke Sakai, Yukio Furukawa, Norihiro Tokitoh

    ORGANOMETALLICS   31 ( 9 ) 3806 - 3809  2012年05月

     概要を見る

    The stable 1,2-dibromodialumane(4) Bbp(Br)Al-Al(Br)Bbp (1; Bbp = 2,6-bis[bis(trimethylsily)methyl]phenyl) was synthesized by the reduction of the corresponding dibromoalumane etherate BbpAlBr(2)center dot OEt2 (2). The structure and properties of 1 have been elucidated on the basis of the analyses of spectroscopic and crystallographic data and are supported by DFT calculations.

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  • 1,2-bis(ferrocenyl)digermene: A d-π electron system containing a Ge=Ge unit

    Takahiro Sasamori, Hisashi Miyamoto, Heisuke Sakai, Yukio Furukawa, Norihiro Tokitoh

    Organometallics   31 ( 10 ) 3904 - 3910  2012年05月

     概要を見る

    The synthesis and structural analysis of the 1,2-bis(ferrocenyl)digermene (E)-Tip(Fc)Ge=Ge(Fc)Tip (Tip = 2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl, Fc = ferrocenyl), a stable crystalline compound, is reported. In this digermene, two ferrocenyl d electron systems are bridged by a Ge=Ge π spacer. As is evident from X-ray crystallographic, spectroscopic, and electrochemical analysis, this 1,2-bis(ferrocenyl)digermene shows effective d-π interaction and the Ge=Ge π bond is stable in the solid state. The Ge=Ge double bond is cleaved at elevated temperatures in the presence of butadiene, with concomitant loss of the π conjugation in the molecule. © 2012 American Chemical Society.

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  • Organic Field-Effect-Transistor-Based Memory with Nylon 11 as Gate Dielectric

    Heisuke Sakai, Hayato Isoda, Yukio Furukawa

    JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS   51 ( 4 )  2012年04月

     概要を見る

    We present the electrical properties of an organic memory device based on an organic field-effect transistor using a thin film of nylon 11 as a gate dielectric. The transfer characteristics of the memory device showed large hysteresis. A large shift of 37 V in the transfer characteristics was obtained by the application of a writing bias to the gate dielectric. The drain current ratio of the on-state to off-state was ca. 100. The on-state of the memory device showed a clear memory characteristic. (C) 2012 The Japan Society of Applied Physics

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    12
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  • Synthesis of Kinetically Stabilized 1,2-Dihydrodisilenes

    Tomohiro Agou, Yusuke Sugiyama, Takahiro Sasamori, Heisuke Sakai, Yukio Furukawa, Nozomi Takagi, Jing-Dong Guo, Shigeru Nagase, Daisuke Hashizume, Norihiro Tokitoh

    JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY   134 ( 9 ) 4120 - 4123  2012年03月

     概要を見る

    Kinetically stabilized 1,2-dihydrodisilenes were successfully synthesized and isolated by the introduction of sterically protecting bulky aryl groups. These 1,2-dihydrodisilenes exhibit distinct Si=Si double-bond character in both solution and the solid state. The Si H bonds in these 1,2-dihydrodisilenes exhibit higher s character than those of typical sigma(4),lambda(4)-hydrosilanes. Moderate heating of these 1,2-dihydrodisilenes in solution resulted in their isomerization to the corresponding trihydrodisilanes, with an intramolecular hydrogen migration as the rate-determining step.

    DOI PubMed

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    48
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  • Infrared study on the molecular orientation in bulk-heterojunction films based on perylene and 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride

    Keisuke Seto, John Pham, Yukio Furukawa

    CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS   529   31 - 34  2012年03月

     概要を見る

    Solid-state structures of thin blend films of perylene and 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) formed on the Au surface have been studied by a combination of infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy and the RATIO method of Debe. In the blend films, PTCDA molecules take the face-on orientation in the whole range of PTCDA contents from 7.5 to 88 mol%. On the other hand, the molecular orientation of perylene molecules changes from edge-on toward random as the PTCDA content increases. (C) 2012 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.

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    3
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  • Synthesis of a stable 1,2-bis(ferrocenyl)diphosphene

    Takahiro Sasamori, Michiyasu Sakagami, Masatoshi Niwa, Heisuke Sakai, Yukio Furukawa, Norihiro Tokitoh

    CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS   48 ( 68 ) 8562 - 8564  2012年

     概要を見る

    The synthesis and characterization of a stable 1,2-bis(ferrocenyl)diphosphene, wherein a P=P pi-bond connects two ferrocenyl units will be reported. This represents an unprecedented example for a d-pi electron system containing a heavier pnictogen pi-spacer group. Stabilization of the highly reactive P=P pi-bond was achieved by steric protection using two bulky ferrocenyl moieties.

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    24
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  • Molecular stacking induced by intermolecular C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds leading to high carrier mobility in vacuum-deposited organic films

    Daisuke Yokoyama, Daisuke Yokoyama, Hisahiro Sasabe, Yukio Furukawa, Chihaya Adachi, Junji Kido

    Advanced Functional Materials   21 ( 8 ) 1375 - 1382  2011年04月

     概要を見る

    Simple bottom-up fabrication processes for molecular self-assembly have been developed for the construction of higher-order structures using organic materials, and have contributed to maximization of the potential of organic materials in chemical and bioengineering. However, their application to organic thin-film devices such as organic light-emitting diodes have not been widely considered because simple fabrication of a solid film containing an internal self-assembly structure has been regarded as difficult. Here it is shown that the intermolecular C-H···N hydrogen bonds can be simply formed even in vacuum-deposited organic films having flat interfaces. By designing the molecules containing pyridine rings properly for the intermolecular interaction, one can control the molecular stacking induced by the intermolecular hydrogen bonds. It is also demonstrated that the molecular stacking contributes to the high carrier mobility of the film. These findings provide new guidelines to improve the performance of organic optoelectronic devices and open up the possibilities for further development of organic devices with higher-order structures. Copyright © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

    DOI

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    148
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  • Synthesis, Structures, and Reactivity of Kinetically Stabilized Anthryldiphosphene Derivatives

    Akihiro Tsurusaki, Noriyoshi Nagahora, Takahiro Sasamori, Kazunari Matsuda, Yoshihiko Kanemitsu, Yasuaki Watanabe, Yoshinobu Hosoi, Yukio Furukawa, Norihiro Tokitoh

    BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN   83 ( 5 ) 456 - 478  2010年05月

     概要を見る

    The first stable anthryldiphosphenes, 1 and 2, were synthesized by utilizing kinetic stabilization of 2,4,6-tris[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]phenyl (Tbt) and 2,6-bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]-4-[tris(trimethylsilyl)methyl]phenyl (Bbt) groups, and were characterized by spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analyses. The UV-visible spectroscopic data suggested the electronic communication between the anthryl moiety and the P=P unit. It was found that TbtP=P(9-Anth) (1a: 9-Anth = 9-anthryl) showed weak fluorescence in hexane solution. Furthermore, the reactivities of anthryldiphosphene 1 with a chromium complex, chalcogenation reagents, a diene, and electron-deficient olefins have been revealed.

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    17
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  • One-Pot Synthesis and Fluorescence Properties of 2-Arylquinolines

    Shunsuke Sueki, Chiharu Okamoto, Isao Shimizu, Keisuke Seto, Yukio Furukawa

    BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN   83 ( 4 ) 385 - 390  2010年04月

     概要を見る

    The one-pot synthesis of 2-arylquinoline with arylamines, arylaldehyde, and 1,1-diethoxyethane were studied using a catalytic amount ytterbium triflate. Various 2-arylquinolines showed fluorescence properties and the fluorescence was quenched by introducing the nitro group into aryl moiety of 2-arylquinolines.

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    13
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  • Temperature measurements of a phosphorescent organic light-emitting diode by Raman spectroscopy

    Hiroya Tsuji, Yukio Furukawa

    CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS   488 ( 4-6 ) 206 - 208  2010年03月

     概要を見る

    We have observed the Raman spectrum of an operating phosphorescent organic light-emitting diode fabricated with bis(2-(2'-benzothienyl)-pyridinato-N, C(3')) iridium( acetylacetonate) (Btp(2)Ir(acac)) as a phosphorescent emitter with excitation at 532 nm. All of the observed bands have been attributed to Btp(2)Ir( acac) because of the resonance Raman effect. We have determined the temperature of the emitting layer containing Btp(2)Ir( acac) from the ratio of the anti-Stokes to Stokes Raman bands of the 283-cm (1) vibrational mode attributed to Btp(2)Ir( acac). The temperature of the emitting layer is estimated to be 89 +/- 8 degrees C at a current density of 400 A/m(2). (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

    DOI CiNii

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    11
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  • Synthesis and properties of stable 1,2-bis(metallocenyl)disilenes: Novel d-π conjugated systems with a Si=Si double bond

    Akihiro Yuasa, Takahiro Sasamori, Yoshinobu Hosoi, Yukio Furukawa, Norihiro Tokitoh

    Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan   82 ( 7 ) 793 - 805  2009年07月

     概要を見る

    Stable 1,2-bis(metallocenyl)disilenes were synthesized for the first time and were characterized by spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analyses. On the basis of cyclic voltammograms, (E)-1,2-bis(ferrocenyl)-1,2-bis(2,4,6- triisopropylphenyl)disilene (1a) was found to be a stable five-electron redox system with four steps, while (E)-1,2-bis(ruthenocenyl)-1,2-bis(2,4,6- triisopropylphenyl)disilene (1b) showed four-step redox couples with four electrons. The UV-vis spectra and theoretical calculations for these disilenes suggested that they should be novel d-π conjugated systems containing a disilene unit. In addition, chalcogenation reactions of 1a resulted in the formation of new heterocyclic compounds bearing ferrocenyl units. For example, the first stable 1,2,3,4-dithiadisiletane derivative was obtained by the sulfurization reaction of 1a. © 2009 The Chemical Society of Japan.

    DOI CiNii

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    52
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  • Synthesis and reactions of a stable 1,2-diaryl-1,2-dibromodisilene: A precursor for substituted disilenes and a 1,2-diaryldisilyne

    Takahiro Sasamori, Koji Hironaka, Yusuke Sugiyama, Nozomi Takagi, Shigeru Nagase, Yoshinobu Hosoo, Yukio Furukawa, Norihiro Tokitoh

    JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY   130 ( 42 ) 13856 - 13857  2008年10月

     概要を見る

    Synthesis and isolation of the stable diaryldibromodisilene, Bbt (Br)Si =(Br)Bbt, has been accomplished for the first time. The dibromodisilene underewent substitution reactions with organometallic reagents on the low-coordinated silicon atom to afford the corresponding substituted disilenes. Futhermore, the reaction of 1 with t-BuLi afforded the corresponding 1,2-diaryldisilyne, BbtSi SiBbt, the characters of which were revealed by spectroscopic and crystallographic analyses.

    DOI PubMed CiNii

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    190
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  • 1,2-bis(ferrocenyl)disilene: A multistep redox system with an Si=Si double bond

    Takahiro Sasamori, Akihiro Yuasa, Yoshinobu Hosoi, Yukio Furukawa, Norihiro Tokitoh

    ORGANOMETALLICS   27 ( 14 ) 3325 - 3327  2008年07月

     概要を見る

    A new type of disilene substituted by ferrocenyl groups, 1,2-bis(ferrocenyl)disilene, was synthesized as a good candidate for a novel d-pi electron system, and the unique properties of the Si=Si pi bond of this new disilene were revealed. On the basis of the results of the electrochemical analyses, 1,2-TiP(2)-1,2-Fc(2)-disilene (Tip = 2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl, Fc = ferrocenyl) was found to be a stable five-electron redox system with four steps.

    DOI CiNii

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    47
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  • Noncontact Temperature Measurements of Organic Layers in an Organic Light-Emitting Diode Using Wavenumber-Temperature Relations of Raman Bands

    Takuro Sugiyama, Yukio Furukawa

    JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS   47 ( 5 ) 3537 - 3539  2008年05月

     概要を見る

    We have measured the temperatures of the organic layers in operating organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) by Raman spectroscopy. The wavenumbers of the Raman bands due to N,N'-di-naphthaleyl-N,N'-diphenyl-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (NPD) and copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) have been measured as a function of temperature in the range of 25-191 degrees C. The observed positions of strong bands around 1607 cm(-1) (NPD) and 1531 cm(-1) (CuPc) shifted downward linearly with increasing temperature in the ranges lower than 92 and 191 degrees C, respectively. We have determined the temperatures of the NPD and CuPc layers in an operating OLED from the wavenumber-temperature relations of these bands. [DOT: 10.1143/JJAP.47.3537]

    DOI

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    10
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  • Temperature measurements of organic light-emitting diodes by stokes and anti-stokes Raman scattering

    Hiroya Tsuji, Atsushi Oda, Junji Kido, Takuto Sugiyama, Yukio Furukawa

    JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS   47 ( 4 ) 2171 - 2173  2008年04月

     概要を見る

    We have measured the Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman scattering from organic light-emitting diodes based on copper phthalocyanine (CuPc), N,N'-di-1-naphthalenyl-N,N'-diphenyl-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (alpha-NPD), and tris(8-quinolinolate) aluminum(III) (Alq(3)) with excitation at 633 nm. All of the observed bands have been attributed to CuPc because of the resonance Raman effect. The temperature of the CuPc layer has been obtained by taking the intensity ratio of anti-Stokes to Stokes Raman scattering of the 483 cm(-1) vibration. The temperature of the CuPc layer in the device operated at 400 mA was 140 degrees C.

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    17
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  • Temperature measurements of the PEDOT-PSS layer in a polymer light-emitting diode by stokes and anti-stokes Raman scattering

    Takuro Sugiyama, Hiroya Tsuji, Yukio Furukawa

    CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS   453 ( 4-6 ) 238 - 241  2008年03月

     概要を見る

    We have observed Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman scattering from an operating double-layer polymer light-emitting diode fabricated with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT-PSS) as a hole-injection layer (50 nm thickness) and a polyfluorene-based polymer blend as a light-emitting layer (90 nm thickness) with excitation at 633 nm. The temperature of the PEDOT-PSS layer was estimated to be 74 +/- 6 degrees C at a current of 150 mA/cm(2) (1000 cd/m(2)), whereas that of the glass surface measured by a thermocouple was 41 degrees C. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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    15
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  • Generation, isolation, and reactivity of a kinetically stabilized diphosphene anion radical

    Noriyoshi Nagahora, Takahiro Sasamori, Yoshinobu Hosoi, Yukio Furukawa, Norihiro Tokitoh

    JOURNAL OF ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY   693 ( 4 ) 625 - 632  2008年02月

     概要を見る

    The stable lithium diphosphene anion radical, [Li(dme)(3)](+)[TbtPPTbt](.-) (dme: 1,2-dimethoxyethane, Tbt: 2,4,6- tris[bis(trimethyl-silyl) methyl]phenyl), was readily synthesized by the one-electron reduction of the corresponding neutral diphosphene (TbtP=PTbt). The molecular structure of the diphosphene anion radical was discussed in detail on the basis of its ESR, UV-Vis and Raman spectra, and theoretical calculations. The diphosphene anion radical was found to undergo ready chalcogenation reactions using elemental sulfur and selenium to afford the corresponding thiadiphosphirane and selenadiphosphirane, respectively. (C) 2007 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.

    DOI CiNii

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    18
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  • Synthesis and properties of stable 2-metallanaphthalenes of heavier group 14 elements

    Yoshiyuki Mizuhata, Takahiro Sasamori, Noriyoshi Nagahora, Yasuaki Watanabe, Yukio Furukawa, Norihiro Tokitoh

    DALTON TRANSACTIONS   ( 33 ) 4409 - 4418  2008年

     概要を見る

    The first stable neutral stannaaromatic compound, 2-stannanaphthalene 1a, was synthesized by taking advantage of an extremely bulky and efficient steric protection group, 2,4,6-tris[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]phenyl (Tbt). The molecular structure and aromaticity of 1a were discussed on the basis of X-ray crystallographic analysis, NMR, UV-vis, and Raman spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and theoretical calculations. 2-Germanaphthalene 2a, which has a framework similar to that of 1a, was synthesized for comparison, and systematic elucidation was made for the properties of 2-metallanaphthalene systems containing a heavier group 14 element (Si, Ge, or Sn).

    DOI

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    36
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  • Synthesis and properties of stable 2-metallanaphthalenes of heavier group 14 elements

    Yoshiyuki Mizuhata, Takahiro Sasamori, Noriyoshi Nagahora, Yasuaki Watanabe, Yukio Furukawa, Norihiro Tokitoh

    Dalton Transactions   ( 33 ) 4409 - 4418  2008年

     概要を見る

    The first stable neutral stannaaromatic compound, 2-stannanaphthalene 1a, was synthesized by taking advantage of an extremely bulky and efficient steric protection group, 2,4,6-tris[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]phenyl (Tbt). The molecular structure and aromaticity of 1a were discussed on the basis of X-ray crystallographic analysis, NMR, UV-vis, and Raman spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and theoretical calculations. 2-Germanaphthalene 2a, which has a framework similar to that of 1a, was synthesized for comparison, and systematic elucidation was made for the properties of 2-metallanaphthalene systems containing a heavier group 14 element (Si, Ge, or Sn). © 2008 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

    DOI

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    36
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  • Micro-Raman Spectroscopy on Pentacene Thin-Film Transistors

    Yoshinobu Hosoi, Daniel Martinez Deyra, Kazuhiro Nakajima, Yukio Furukawa

    MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS   491   317 - 323  2008年

     概要を見る

    Molecular orientation in pentacene films and thin-film transistors has been studied by micro-Raman spectroscopy. We have found that the relative intensity of the 1596-cm(-1) band (B-3g) is sensitive to the molecular orientation. The standing orientation was observed for the films formed on the bare and hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS)-modified SiO2 surfaces and the Au surfaces modified with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), whereas the lying orientation for the films on the bare Au surface. We have explicitly demonstrated the differences of the molecular orientation in the films on SiO2 dielectric layers and Au electrodes in the devices by mapping measurements.

    DOI CiNii

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    17
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  • Kinetically stabilized 1,1'-bis[(E)-diphosphenyllferrocenes: Syntheses, structures, properties, and reactivity

    Noriyoshi Nagahora, Takabiro Sasamori, Yasuaki Watanabe, Yukio Furukawa, Norihiro Tokitoh

    BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN   80 ( 10 ) 1884 - 1900  2007年10月

     概要を見る

    Kinetically stabilized 1,1'-bis[(E)-diphosphenyl]ferrocenes were synthesized by taking advantage of extremely bulky substituents, 2,4,6-tris[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]phenyl (denoted as Tbt) and 2,6-bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]-4-[tris(trimethylsilyl)methyl]phenyl (denoted as Bbt) groups, and characterized by the spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analyses. The electronic structures of the 1,1'-bis[(E)-diphosphenyl]ferrocenes were determined by analyzing electronic spectra, the transitions of which were reasonably assigned based on theoretical calculations. In the cyclic voltammograms, there were two well-defined reversible one-electron reduction couples corresponding to the intramolecular two diphosphene units. Furthermore, the 1,1'-bis[(E)-diphosphenyl]ferrocene was found to undergo ligand-exchange reactions with group 6 metal carbonyl complexes along with the E-to-Z isomerization of the diphosphene moieties, leading to the formation of the corresponding 1,1'-bis[(Z)-diphosphenyllferrocene group 6 metal tetracarbonyl complexes, [M(CO)(4))(Z,Z)-(BbtP=PC5H4)(2)Fe)] (M = Cr, Mo, and W). The molecular structures of these complexes were determined by spectroscopic analyses (H-1, C-13, and (PNMR)-P-31 spectra, and UV-vis spectra), and that of the tungsten complex was determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Several types of d -> pi*(P=P) electron transitions due to the iron and group 6 metals were detected by using UV-vis spectroscopy, and these results were supported by theoretical calculations.

    DOI

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    34
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  • Raman spectra of Langmuir-Blodgett and Langmuir-Schaefer films of polydiacetylene prepared from 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid

    Keisuke Seto, Yoshinobu Hosoi, Yukio Furukawa

    CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS   444 ( 4-6 ) 328 - 332  2007年08月

     概要を見る

    Blue polydiacetylene films were prepared from the Langmuir-Schaefer (LS) and Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of the cadmium salt of 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid, CH3(CH2)(11)-C C-C C-(CH2)(8)COOH, and the C C stretching modes of the Raman spectra of the LS and LB films were observed at 2068 and 2079 cm(-1), respectively. These wavenumbers appeared to be sensitive to the packing of polymer chains. Most of the progression bands observed in the range of 1332-1182 cm(-1) have been assigned to the CH2 wagging modes of the all-trans structure of the (CH2)(11)CH3 group. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

    DOI CiNii

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    40
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  • Synthesis and properties of a kinetically stabilized 9-silaphenanthrene

    Norihiro Tokitoh, Akihiro Shinohara, Takeshi Matsumoto, Takahiro Sasamori, Nobuhiro Takeda, Yukio Furukawa

    ORGANOMETALLICS   26 ( 16 ) 4048 - 4053  2007年07月

     概要を見る

    Reaction of 9-bromo-9,10-dihydro-9-silaphenanthrene (6) with lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) in THF at room temperature afforded kinetically stabilized 9-silaphenanthrene 1a bearing an efficient steric protection group, 2,4,6-tris[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]phenyl (Tbt). 9-Silaphenanthrene 1a was isolated as pale yellow crystals, and the structure of 1a was completely determined by spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analyses. The H-1 and C-13 NMR chemical shifts corresponding to the 9-silaphenanthrene ring of 1a were observed in a typical aromatic region, while the central silicon atom showed the characteristic signal at 86.9 ppm in the Si-29 NMR in C6D6. The 9-silaphenanthrene ring of 1a showed completely planar geometry, indicating that 9-silaphenanthrene has a delocalized 14 pi-electron system as an aromatic compound. In spite of its high thermal stability, 1a still has high reactivity at the 9,10-position toward small reagents such as H2O.

    DOI

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  • Air-stable n-channel organic field-effect transistors based on N,N′-bis(4-trifluoromethylbenzyl)perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide

    Yoshinobu Hosoi, Daisuke Tsunami, Hisao Ishii, Yukio Furukawa

    Chemical Physics Letters   436 ( 1-3 ) 139 - 143  2007年02月

     概要を見る

    Air-stable n-channel field-effect transistors based on thin films of the compound, N,N′-bis(4-trifluoromethylbenzyl)perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI-TFB), were fabricated, and the effects of surface treatment and substrate temperature at the film deposition on the electron mobility of the transistors were studied. The maximum mobility, 4.1 × 10-2cm2V-1s-1in the saturation region (1.7 × 10-2cm2V-1s-1in the linear region), was obtained in air for the film deposited at 95 °C on the SiO2surface modified with hexamethyldisilazane. The high electron affinity of PTCDI-TFB estimated at 4.8 eV by photoelectron yield spectroscopy and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, which is ascribable to the trifluoromethylbenzyl groups, is likely to result in the observed stable transistor operation in air. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

    DOI CiNii

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  • High performance n-channel organic field-effect transistors based on N,N′-dioctyl-3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic diimide

    Yoshinobu Hosoi, Yoshinobu Hosoi, Yukio Furukawa

    Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals   462   37 - 43  2007年01月

     概要を見る

    The organic field-effect transistors based on N,N'-dioctyl-3,4,9,10- perylene tetracarboxylic diimide have been fabricated on the pristine SiO2/Si substrate whose surfaces are modified with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) and octadecyltriethoxysilane (OTES). The surface modifications have enhanced the electron mobility and on/off ratio, and decreased the threshold voltage. The atomic force microscopy and infrared spectroscopy studies have revealed no differences in the morphology and molecular orientation of the thin films on the pristine and the HMDS-treated substrates.

    DOI CiNii

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    8
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  • Relationship between film structure and electric performance of organic field-effect transistors based on perylene tetracarboxylic diimide derivatives

    Yoshinobu Hosoi, Yukio Furukawa

    MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS   471   189 - 194  2007年

     概要を見る

    We have fabricated organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) based on three derivatives of perylene tetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI). The electron mobility more than 8 x 10(-2) cm(2)V(-1)s-(1) has been obtained in both vacuum and air for N,N'-bis(4-fluorobenzyl) perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide. The study of the film structures suggests that the flat-layer structures near the SiO2 surfaces induce the high electron mobilities.

    DOI CiNii

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    1
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  • Synthesis and properties of 9-anthryldiphosphene

    Takahiro Sasamori, Akihiro Tsurusaki, Noriyoshi Nagahora, Kazunari Matsuda, Yoshihiko Kanemitsu, Yasuaki Watanabe, Yukio Furukawa, Norihiro Tokitoh

    CHEMISTRY LETTERS   35 ( 12 ) 1382 - 1383  2006年12月

     概要を見る

    The first stable 9-anthryldiphosphene, TbtP=P(9-Anth) (1: Tbt = 2,4,6-tris[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]phenyl, 9-Anth = 9-anthryl), was synthesized and its properties were revealed by spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analyses. The weak fluorescence of I was observed in hexane solution.

    DOI

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    24
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  • Voltage-induced infrared absorption from polymer field-effect transistors

    Tomohiro Koyanagi, Shinobu Furukawa, Ken Tsutsui, Yasuo Wada, Yukio Furukawa

    VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY   42 ( 1 ) 156 - 160  2006年10月

     概要を見る

    Voltage-induced infrared absorption spectra from the top- and bottom-contact field-effect transistors fabricated with n-Si, SiO2, and poly(2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene) (MEH-PPV) as a gate electrode, an insulator, and a semiconductor, respectively, have been measured in a transmission-absorption configuration by the FT-IR difference-spectrum method. The observed voltage-induced infrared bands have been attributed to positive carriers (polarons) injected into the MEH-PPV layer by the application of minus gate bias. The cross section of the doping-induced 1510-cm(-1) band has been obtained to be 7.7x10(-17) cm(2) for the MEH-PPV films doped electrochemically with ClO4-. The observed intensities of the voltage-induced 1510-cm(-1) band have been converted to carrier sheet densities by this cross section. The carrier sheet density induced by field effect shows a saturation effect as the gate voltage increases for the top- and bottom-contact devices. The number of carriers injected in the top-contact device is larger than that in the bottom-contact device. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

    DOI

  • One-electron reduction of kinetically stabilized dipnictenes: Synthesis of dipnictene anion radicals

    Takahiro Sasamori, Eiko Mieda, Noriyoshi Nagahora, Kazunobu Sato, Daisuke Shiomi, Takeji Takui, Yoshinobu Hosoi, Yukio Furukawa, Nozomi Takagi, Shigeru Nagase, Norihiro Tokitoh

    JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY   128 ( 38 ) 12582 - 12588  2006年09月

     概要を見る

    The redox behavior of kinetically stabilized dipnictenes, BbtE=EBbt [E = P, Sb, Bi; Bbt = 2,6-bis[ bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]-4-[tris(trimethylsilyl)methyl]phenyl], was systematically disclosed using cyclic voltammetry and theoretical calculations. It was found that they showed reversible one-electron redox couples in the reduction region. The anion radical species of the Bbt-substituted diphosphene and distibene were successfully synthesized by the reduction of the corresponding neutral dipnictenes (BbtP=PBbt and BbtSb= SbBbt). Their structures were reasonably characterized by ESR, UV-vis, and Raman spectroscopy, and the distibene anion radical was structurally characterized by X-ray crystallographic analysis.

    DOI PubMed CiNii

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  • Field-effect transistor configuration for the measurement of infrared Stark spectra

    Kenji Suzuki, Kenji Takashima, Yukio Furukawa

    SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS   7 ( 5 ) 456 - 460  2006年07月

     概要を見る

    The infrared Stark spectrum of a thin film of poly(gamma-benzyl-L-glutamate) (PBLG) has been measured in a field-effect transistor (FET) configuration, instead of the standard Stark cell with semitransparent metal electrodes. In the FET-type cell the PBLG film is sandwiched with an interdigital gold film and a SiO2/n-Si substrate; the gold and n-Si have been used as electrodes. The obtained Stark spectrum is in good agreement with that in the literature. Each of the observed Stark bands, which are assigned to the NH str, the C=O str of the ester group, and the amide I, has been decomposed into the zeroth-, first-, and second-derivative components by the least-squares method. The effective electric field in the PBLG film has been estimated from the obtained second-derivative component for each vibrational mode on the basis of the reported difference electric dipole moment, following excitation to a vibrationally excited state. The effective electric field is 0.42 times as large as that of the corresponding capacitor with a plate electrode instead of the interdigital one. The FET-type cell can be used for the measurements of infrared Stark spectra on the basis of the obtained effective electric field. (c) 2006 NIMS and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

    DOI CiNii

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    4
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  • Synthesis and characterization of two isomers of 14π-electron germaaromatics: Kinetically stabilized 9-germaanthracene and 9-germaphenanthrene

    Takahiro Sasamori, Koji Inamura, Wataru Hoshino, Norio Nakata, Yoshiyuki Mizuhata, Yasuaki Watanabe, Yukio Furukawa, Norihiro Tokitoh

    Organometallics   25 ( 15 ) 3533 - 3536  2006年07月

     概要を見る

    The first stable 9-germaanthracene and 9-germaphenanthrene were successfully synthesized by taking advantage of kinetic stabilization utilizing effective steric protection groups, Tbt and Bbt groups (Tbt = 2,4,6-tris[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]phenyl, Bbt = 2,6-bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)methylJ4-[tris(trimethylsilyl)methyl]phenyl). The similarities and differences of the structures and properties between the two isomers of germaaromatics are discussed. © 2006 American Chemical Society.

    DOI CiNii

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    46
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  • VUV IRRADIATION EFFECTS ON PERFORMANCE OF PENTACENE THIN FILM TRANSISTORS

    TOMOHIKO EDURA, JUN MIZUNO, KEN TSUTSUI, YASUO WADA, YOSHINOBU HOSOI, SYUICHI SHOJI, YUKIO FURUKAWA

    Asia-Pacific Conference of Transducers and Micro-Nano Technology   95-MDC-A0291  2006年06月

  • Photophysical and photochemical processes of 9,10-dihydro-9- silaphenanthrene derivatives: Photochemical formation and electronic structure of 9-silaphenanthrenes

    Hiroshi Hiratsuka, Hiroaki Horiuchi, Yasunari Furukawa, Hikaru Watanabe, Akiko Ishihara, Tetsuo Okutsu, Seiji Tobita, Tetsutaro Yoshinaga, Akihiro Shinohara, Norihiro Tokitoh, Makoto Oba, Kozaburo Nishiyama

    Journal of Physical Chemistry A   110 ( 11 ) 3868 - 3874  2006年03月  [査読有り]

     概要を見る

    Photophysical and photochemical processes of 9-methyl- and 9-phenyl-9,10-dihydro-9-silaphenanthrene derivatives have been studied at room temperature and 77 K in comparison with the carbon analogue, 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene. These 9,10-dihydro-9-silaphenanthrene derivatives show smaller fluorescence quantum yield and remarkably larger Stokes shifts than those of the carbon analogue. In contrast, their phosphorescence quantum yields are two times larger than those of the carbon analogue, although the absolute value is not so large (∼0.1). Reaction products and intermediates produced by the 266 nm light photolysis have been studied, and it has been confirmed that 9-methyl- and 9-phenyl-9-silaphenanthrenes have been photochemically formed in methylcyclohexane at 77 K, in addition to the formation of radical cations of 9,10-dihydro-9-silaphenanthrene derivatives and the carbon-centered radical: 9-hydro-9-silaphenanthrenyl radical. © 2006 American Chemical Society.

    DOI PubMed J-GLOBAL

  • DFT oligomer approach to vibrational spectra of poly (p-phenylenevinylene)

    K Honda, Y Furukawa, H Nishide

    VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY   40 ( 2 ) 149 - 154  2006年03月

     概要を見る

    Experimental Raman and infrared spectra of poly(p-phenylenevinylene) have been analyzed on the basis of the normal coordinate calculations based on the density functional theory method at the B3LYP/cc-pVDZ level for a model oligomer. Vibrational modes corresponding to optically active modes of an infinite polymer chain have been selected from the calculated results. On the basis of these normal vibrations, the observed vibrational spectra of poly( p-phenylenevinylene) have been explained successfully. The angles between the calculated transition dipole moment vectors and the polymer axis for some infrared bands agree with those derived from observed infrared dichroic spectrum. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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    25
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  • Organic field-effect transistor based on a thin film of polydiacetylene prepared from 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid

    T Koyanagi, M Muratsubaki, Y Hosoi, T Shibata, K Tsutsui, Y Wada, Y Furukawa

    CHEMISTRY LETTERS   35 ( 1 ) 20 - 21  2006年01月

     概要を見る

    The organic field-effect transistors based on polydiacetylene as an active semiconductor have been made. The hole mobility and the on/off ratio have been determined to be 1.3 x 10(-3) cm(2)/V s and 1.0 x 10(4), respectively, for the transistor based on the blue phase of polydiacetylene prepared from 10, 12-pentacosadiynoic acid. The gate-voltage-induced infrared absorption spectrum has been attributed to the positive carriers injected by field effect. The spectrum shows a remarkable electron-molecular vibration coupling between vibration levels and an electronic transition.

    DOI CiNii

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    28
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  • Synthesis and properties of a new kinetically stabilized digermyne: New insights for a germanium analogue of an alkyne

    Y Sugiyama, T Sasamori, Y Hosoi, Y Furukawa, N Takagi, S Nagase, N Tokitoh

    JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY   128 ( 3 ) 1023 - 1031  2006年01月

     概要を見る

    The reduction of an overcrowded (E)-1,2-dibromodigermene, Bbt(Br)Ge=Ge(Br)Bbt (2) [Bbt = 2,6-bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]-4-[tris(trimethylsilyl)methyl]phenyl], with KC8 afforded a stable digermyne, BbtGe GeBbt (1). The Ge Ge triple-bond characters of 1 were revealed by the X-ray crystallographic analysis and spectroscopic studies (UV/vis and Raman spectra) together with theoretical calculations. The Ge Ge bond lengths of the two nonidentical molecules of 1 observed in the unit cell were shorter than that of the previously reported digermyne, Ar'Ge GeAr' (Ar' = 2,6-Dip(2)C(6)H(3), Dip = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl).

    DOI PubMed CiNii

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    177
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  • Voltage-induced infrared spectra from the organic field-effect transistor based on N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)- N,N′-diphenyl-1,1′- biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (TPD)

    Hiroya Tsuji, Yukio Furukawa, Yukio Furukawa

    Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals   455   353 - 359  2006年

     概要を見る

    The field-effect transistor fabricated with N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)- N,N′-diphenyl-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (TPD) on a silicon substrate has shown a p-channel organic field-effect transistor (OFET) operating in the accumulation mode. The hole mobility in the TPD layer has been obtained to be 7.2 × 10 -4 cm 2 V -1 s -1 . Gate-voltage-induced infrared absorption from the OFET has been measured in the transmission-absorption configuration by the FT-IR difference-spectrum method. The observed spectra depend on the gate voltage applied. The vibrational Stark effect and the bands originating from the carriers injected into the TPD layer have been observed.

    DOI CiNii

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    2
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  • IR study on stacking manner of peptide nanorings in peptide nanotubes

    Y Nagai, T Nakanishi, H Okamoto, K Takeda, Y Furukawa, K Usui, H Mihara

    JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS & REVIEW PAPERS   44 ( 10 ) 7654 - 7661  2005年10月

     概要を見る

    We here report our theoretical as well as experimental studies on the stacking manner of peptide nanorings (PNRs) in peptide nanotubes (PNTs). We focus on the molecular vibrations of N-H and C=O stretching modes and discuss this subject via their infrared (IR) spectroscopy, because PNTs are formed by the inter-ring H bonds between the adjacent PNRs via -N-H(...)O=C-. Symmetry analysis based on group theory reveals that parallel stacking causes two IR active modes in these molecular vibrations while three modes are active in the antiparallel stacking. This difference in the number of IR active modes is determined only by the stacking manner and not by the number of amino acid residues composing the PNRs. By using two typical PNRs Of cyclo[-((L)-Gln-D-Ala)(3)] and cyclo[-((L)-Gln-(D)-Ala)(4)], we further studied the favorable stacking manners of PNRs via IR observation. Our IR experiments as well as the ab initio energetics show that the former PNRs create a PNT by stacking themselves in parallel while the latter PNRs do so by stacking themselves in an antiparallel manner.

    DOI CiNii

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    8
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  • Raman spectral changes of PEDOT-PSS in polymer light-emitting diodes upon operation

    S Sakamoto, M Okumura, ZG Zhao, Y Furukawa

    CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS   412 ( 4-6 ) 395 - 398  2005年09月

     概要を見る

    The micro-Raman spectra of a double-layer light-emitting diode fabricated with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT-PSS) as a hole-injection layer and poly(2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene)-alt-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) blended with poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) (PF8) as an emissive layer have been measured with excitation at 633 nm. After the operation of the device, the intensities of the bands due to PEDOT have increased. These increases in Raman intensity have been attributed to the reduction (dedoping) of PEDOT chains during operation on the basis of the results of electrochemical oxidation and reduction of a PEDOT-PSS film. The reduction of PEDOT chains is most likely one of the intrinsic factors of the degradation of polymer light-emitting diodes. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V.

    DOI CiNii

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    117
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  • Low temperature synthesis of extremely dense, and vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes

    GF Zhong, T Iwasaki, K Honda, Y Furukawa, Ohdomari, I, H Kawarada

    JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS & REVIEW PAPERS   44 ( 4A ) 1558 - 1561  2005年04月

     概要を見る

    A novel point-arc microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) apparatus was employed to grow single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) on Si substrates coated with a sandwich-like nano-layer structure of 0.7 nm Al2O3 (top)/0.5 nm Fe/ 5-70nm Al2O3 by conventional high frequency sputtering. The growth of extremely dense and vertically aligned SWNTs with an almost constant growth rate of 270 mu m/h within 40 min at a temperature as low as 600 degrees C was demonstrated for the first time. The volume density of the as-grown SWNT films is as higher as 66 kg/m(3).

    DOI CiNii

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    137
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  • Crystalline/amorphous Raman markers of hole-transport material NPD in organic light-emitting diodles

    T Sugiyama, Y Furukawa, H Fujimura

    CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS   405 ( 4-6 ) 330 - 333  2005年04月

     概要を見る

    Raman marker bands characteristic of solid-state structure have been found for N, N'-di-1-naphthaleyl-N,N'-diphenyl-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine(NPD), which is used as a hole-transport material in organic light-emitting diodes. The widths of the marker bands observed for an amorphous state at 1607, 1290, and 1192 cm(-1) are broader than those for the crystalline state observed at 1609, 1288, and 1198 cm(-1). These Raman bands are found to be useful for detecting the crystallization, which may cause degradation of organic light emitting diodes, of amorphous NPD films. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

    DOI CiNii

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    19
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  • Very high yield growth of vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes by point-arc microwave plasma CVD

    GF Zhong, T Iwasaki, K Honda, Y Furukawa, Ohdomari, I, H Kawarada

    CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION   11 ( 3 ) 127 - 130  2005年03月

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  • Conformational analysis of p-terphenyl by vibrational spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations

    K Honda, Y Furukawa

    JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE   735   11 - 19  2005年02月

     概要を見る

    The structures, vibrational frequencies, and infrared and Raman intensities of p-terphenyl have been calculated by the density functional theory method at the B3LYP/6-311 + G** level. On the basis of the results, the infrared and Raman spectra of p-terphenyl in solution and in the melt have been analyzed. The observed spectra have been attributed to two stable rotational isomers around the inter-ring, CC bonds: a helical conformer (D, symmetry) and an alternately twisted conformer (C-2h symmetry). These two isomers coexist in solution and in the melt. The 518-cm(-1) infrared band and the 375-cm(-1) Raman band of the helical conformer are correlated with the 483-cm(-1) infrared band and the 329-cm(-1) Raman band of the twisted conformer, respectively. All of these bands have been assigned to the mixtures of out-of-plane boat deformations and in-plane rotational displacements. The frequencies of these modes are sensitive to the conformation of p-terphenyl. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

    DOI CiNii

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    30
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  • Field-effect transistors based on poly(p-phenylenevinylene) derivatives

    M Muratsubaki, Y Furukawa, T Noguchi, T Ohnishi, E Fujiwara, H Tada

    CHEMISTRY LETTERS   33 ( 11 ) 1480 - 1481  2004年11月

     概要を見る

    Field-effect mobilities and on/off current ratios have been determined for the organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) based on three kinds of poly(p-phenylenevinylene) derivatives. The best transistor performance has been obtained for poly(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene) (MEHPPV). The hole mobility and the on/off ratio obtained for the MEH-PPV OFET are 3.6 x 10(-4) cm(2)/Vs and 1.5 x 10(6), respectively. These OFETs operate stably in the atmosphere as well as in vacuum.

    DOI CiNii

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    14
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  • Low-voltage organic field-effect transistors with a gate insulator of Ta2O5 formed by sputtering

    H Sakai, Y Furukawa, E Fujiwara, H Tada

    CHEMISTRY LETTERS   33 ( 9 ) 1172 - 1173  2004年09月

     概要を見る

    The Ta2O5 film prepared on silicon by RF sputtering has been used as a gate insulator for the top-contact field-effect transistors fabricated with poly(2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)1,4-phenylenevinylene) (MEH-PPV) or pentacene. Good transistor characteristics have been obtained with saturation at low drive voltages (about -3 V) and with hole mobilities of 5.2 x 10(-4) cm(2)/VS (MEH-PPV) and 0.8 cm(2)/VS (pentacene).

    DOI CiNii

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    16
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  • Voltage-induced infrared spectra from polymer field-effect transistors

    Y Furukawa, J Yamamoto, DC Cho, T Mori

    MACROMOLECULAR SYMPOSIA   205   9 - 17  2004年01月

     概要を見る

    Charge-induced infrared absorption spectra from the metal-insulator-semiconductor diodes fabricated with aluminum oxide, poly(p-xylylene), and SiO2 as gate dielectric and regioregular poly(3-octylthiophene) as organic semiconductor have been measured in situ with reflection or transmission configurations by the FT-IR difference-spectrum method. The observed bands have been attributed to the carriers injected into the polymer layers under the application of minus gate bias. The wavenumber of the band around 1300 cm(-1) depends on the gate voltage, indicating that the structure of the carriers depends on the carrier concentration. There exist upper limits in the concentrations of the injected carriers. In situ infrared absorption measurements provide the information about the injected carriers, which affect the properties and the functions of polymer field-effect devices.

    DOI CiNii

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    22
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  • A study of the self-assembling morphology in peptide nanorings and nanotubes

    H Okamoto, T Nakanishi, Y Nagai, T Yamada, H Miyazaki, K Takeda, Y Furukawa, Obataya, I, H Mihara, H Azehara, W Mizutani, K Hashimoto, H Yamaguchi, Y Hirayama

    ARCHITECTURE AND APPLICATION OF BIOMATERIALS AND BIOMOLECULAR MATERIALS   1   245 - 247  2004年

     概要を見る

    Peptide nanotubes of cyclo[-(D-Ala-L-Glu)(4)], cyclo[-(D-Ala-L-Gln)(3)], cyclo[-(D-CyS-L-Gln)(3)], and cyclo[-(L-Gln)(5)] have been synthesized and their morphologies have been studied by scanning probe microscopy. The atomic force microscopy displayed several interesting self-assembling forms of these peptide nanotubes. The three D,L-peptides showed not only the straight tubular forms but also the self-assembled bundles. The number and size of observed nanotubes and their bundles were different among those three and also among employed solvents and substrates. On the contrary, the homo-L-peptide of cyclo[-(L-Gln)(5)] provided meandering nanotubes. which were caused by the symmetry lowering due to the odd number of amino acids. The meandering characteristics also resulted peculiar super-ring forms of the homo-L-peptide nanotubes. Additionally, the scanning tunneling microscopy was performed and high-resolution images of D,L-peptide nanotubes as well as their bundles were obtained.

  • Infrared absorption induced by field effect from a metal-insulator-semiconductor diode fabricated with regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene)

    H Takao, Y Furukawa

    CHEMISTRY LETTERS   32 ( 12 ) 1168 - 1169  2003年12月

     概要を見る

    Infrared absorption induced by field effect from a metal-insulator-semiconductor diode with an Au/aluminum oxide/regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) structure has been obtained by using a combination of infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy and the FT-IR difference-spectrum method. The observed bands have been attributed to carriers (positive polarons) injected into the polymer layer and accumulated near the surface of the layer.

    DOI CiNii

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    8
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  • Density functional theory study of infrared-active vibrational modes in doped poly(p-phenylene)

    K Honda, Y Furukawa

    SYNTHETIC METALS   135 ( 1-3 ) 335 - 336  2003年04月

     概要を見る

    The absorption spectra of a poly(p-phenylene) film doped with FeCl3 in the range from visible to infrared have been measured. The observation of two intra-gap electronic absorptions indicates the formation of positive polarons upon FeCl3 doping. The observed doping-induced infrared spectrum is in good agreement with that calculated by the density functional theory method at the BLYP/6-31G* level for the radical cation of p-sexiphenyl. Although the infrared bands predicted by the effective conjugation coordinate theory have strong intensities, the infrared bands not predicted by this theory have considerable intensities.

    DOI

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    2
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  • Infrared absorption induced by field-effect doping from poly(3-alkylthiophene)s

    Y Furukawa, H Takao, J Yamamoto, S Furukawa

    SYNTHETIC METALS   135 ( 1-3 ) 341 - 342  2003年04月

     概要を見る

    Field-induced infrared absorption spectra from the metal-insulator-semiconductor diodes fabricated with regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) or poly(3-octylthiophene) have been obtained by using a combination of infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy and the FT-IR difference-spectrum method. The obtained spectra have been attributed to positive polarons generated at the interface with the insulator (aluminum oxide) layer in the range of minus gate voltage.

    DOI

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    8
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  • Raman spectrum of model peptide (Ala-Gly)<inf>15</inf>for Bombyx mori silk fibroin with Silk I form and theoretical calculation according to repeated β-turn type II structural model

    Tsutomu Yamane, Masashi Sonoyama, Tetsuo Asakura, Yukio Furukawa

    Journal of Fiber Science and Technology   58 ( 9 ) 327 - 331  2002年09月

     概要を見る

    We observed Raman spectra of Silk I and Silk II powders of (Ala-Gly)15, which is a model peptide of crystalline region of Bombyx mori silk fibroin. Additionally Raman spectra of Ac-(Gly-Ala)4-NHMe and Ac-(Gly-Ala)3-NHMe with Silk I and Silk II forms were calculated according to the repeated β-turn type II structural model and β-sheet model, respectively. The ab initio molecular orbital calculation was used for the theoretical calculation. The calculated results could reproduce the spectra. Especially, in silk I form, observation of splitting of amide I and III bands was in agreement with the predicted bands according to the repeated β-turn type II structural model.

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  • Raman studies on the self-localized excitations in lightly and heavily doped trans-polyacetylene with sodium

    JY Kirn, Y Furukawa, A Sakamoto, Tasumi, V

    JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A   106 ( 38 ) 8876 - 8882  2002年09月

     概要を見る

    The difference of Raman spectra between lightly and heavily Na-doped traps-polyacetylene (trans-PA) was observed with the 1320 nm laser line, and these were discussed on the basis of the Raman spectra of the negatively charged anions Ph(CH)(n)Ph- [DPn-, n = 3, 5, 7, 9, and 13] and the radical-anion species Ph(CH)(n)Ph.- [DPn.-, n = 4, 6, 8, and 10] and 19,19',20,20'-tetranor-beta,beta'-carotene [TNBC.-, n = 22] of the model compounds, which correspond respectively to negatively charged soliton and negative polarons in traps-PA. The observed wavenumbers of the nu(1) and nu(4) bands (C=C and C-C stretches) of lightly doped traps-PA are lower than those of the corresponding bands of pristine traps-PA, whereas the contrary is the case for heavily doped traps-PA. Raman spectra of the negatively charged soliton models (DPn-) and the negative polaron models (DPn.- and TNBC.-) were very similar to their spectrum patterns as a whole, but their wavenumbers and relative intensities are mutually different to some extent. In particular, the Raman wavenumbers of heavily doped traps-PA are very similar with those of the polaron models. The dispersion of the C=C stretching band (nu(1)) in doped PA with the various wavelengths of excitation laser line were explained as the presence of charged domains having various lengths of electron localization.

    DOI CiNii

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    5
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  • Infrared and Raman studies of the radical anion of α,ω-diphenyl-1,3,5,7,9-decapentaene as a model compound in polyacetylene

    Jin Yeol Kim, Yukio Furukawa, Akira Sakamoto, Mitsuo Tasumi

    Synthetic Metals   129 ( 3 ) 235 - 238  2002年08月

     概要を見る

    The FT-infrared (IR) and Raman spectra of the radical anion of α,ω-diphenyl-1,3,5,7,9-decapentaene (DP10&amp;dot;-), a polyene molecule with five conjugated CC bonds, were observed in vacuum condition. The IR absorption spectrum for ionic species of polyene molecule was observed for the first time in the experimental method. The CC stretching band of IR absorption has the weak at 1591-1603cm-1, while the Raman band has the two intense peaks at 1533 and 1574cm-1. In IR absorption, the in-plane CH bending has the several strong bands between 1448 and 1551cm-1, whereas the Raman has a strong band used as a marker of negatively charged polyene at 1272cm-1. The origin of IR and Raman spectra of DP10̇-is discussed in terms of a polaron model compound in polyacetylene. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

    DOI CiNii

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  • Density functional theory study on the Raman spectra of negative polarons and negative bipolarons in Na-doped poly(p-phenylene)

    K Honda, Y Furukawa, K Furuya, H Torii, M Tasumi

    JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A   106 ( 14 ) 3587 - 3592  2002年04月

     概要を見る

    Density functional theory with the 6-31G* basis set and the BYLP nonlocal exchange-correlation functional has been used for the normal coordinate calculations of the neutral, radical anion, and dianion species of p-terphenyl to p-sexiphenyl. The bands attributed to negative polarons and negative bipolarons in the reported Raman spectra of Na-doped poly(p-phenylene) have been successfully assigned on the basis of the present calculations. The calculated atomic displacements have indicated that the Raman bands not corresponding to the zone-center modes of neutral poly(p-phenylene) are due to negative polarons and negative bipolarons. The Raman bands characteristic of negative polarons and negative bipolarons have been identified. The frequency of the inter-ring CC stretch is sensitive to the structural changes in going from benzenoid to quinoid structure in negative polarons and negative bipolarons.

    DOI CiNii

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    19
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  • The 1320-nm excited FT-Raman spectra of lightly iodine-doped trans-polyacetylene

    Jin-Yeol Kim, Yukio Furukawa, Akira Sakamoto, Mitsuo Tasumi

    Macromolecular Research   10 ( 5 ) 286 - 290  2002年

     概要を見る

    The FT-Raman spectra of trans-polyacetylene films doped lightly with iodine were obtained with the 1320-nm laser line. The observed Raman bands are attributed to positively charged domains created by acceptor doping. The observed Raman wavenumbers of the ν2 (CC stretch), ν3 and ν4 bands (mixed of CC stretch and CH in-plan bending) of iodine-doped form are slightly higher than those of the corresponding bands of pristine trans-polyacetylene, whereas the contrary is the case for ν1 band (C=C stretch) of iodine-doped form. In particular, these upshifts of the ν2 and ν3 bands are distinguished from the downshifts of these bands in donor doping. The origin of doping induced Raman bands is discussed in terms of solitons and polarons.

    DOI

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    9
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  • Syntheses, structures and properties of kinetically stabilized distibenes and dibismuthenes, novel doubly bonded systems between heavier group 15 elements

    Takahiro Sasamori, Yoshimitsu Arai, Nobuhiro Takeda, Renji Okazaki, Yukio Furukawa, Masahiro Kimura, Shigeru Nagase, Norihiro Tokitoh

    Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan   75 ( 4 ) 661 - 675  2002年

     概要を見る

    The first stable distibene (RSb=SbR) and dibismuthene (RBi=BiR) were successfully synthesized by taking advantage of steric protection using an efficient steric protection group, 2,4,6-tris[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]phenyl (Tbt). Since it is quite difficult to investigate the reactivities of the distibene (TbtSb=SbTbt) and dibismuthene (TbtBi= BiTbt) in solution due to their extremely low solubility values, similarly overcrowded distibene and dibismuthene, BbtE=EBbt (E = Sb, Bi), with sufficiently high solubility were also synthesized using another bulky substituent, 2,6-bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]-4-[tris(trimethylsilyl)methyl]phenyl group (Bbt). The crystallographic analysis and spectroscopic studies of these stable dipnictenes led to the systematic comparison of structural parameters and physical properties for all homonuclear doubly bonded systems between heavier group 15 elements. In addition to these experimentally obtained results, theoretical calculations for these doubly bonded systems also revealed the intrinsic character of dipnictenes.

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  • Infrared spectroscopy of electroluminescent conjugated polymers

    Yukio Furukawa, Shinobu Furukawa, Shino Maekawa, Mitsuru Ishima

    Macromolecular Symposia   184   99 - 106  2002年

     概要を見る

    The infrared spectra of the light-emitting diodes and the metal-insulator-semiconductor devices based on a poly(p-phenylenevinylene) derivative MEH-PPV have been measured in situ with a reflection configuration. The voltage-induced infrared spectra of these devices have been measured by the FT-IR difference-spectrum method. The observed bands have been attributed to the carriers injected into the polymer layers. The observation of positive carriers in the polymer light-emitting diode is probably related to the predominance of injected positive carriers, which is one of the factors in the low efficiency of the polymer light-emitting diode. In situ infrared reflective absorption measurements provide the information about injected carriers, which play a central role in the properties and the functions of polymer electronic devices.

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  • ノーベル賞と分光学IV. 導電性高分子と分光学

    古川 行夫, 坂本 章, 田隅 三生

    分光研究 = Journal of the spectroscopical research of Japan   50 ( 4 ) 181 - 189  2001年08月

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  • Voltage-induced infrared absorption of the light-emitting diode based on MEH-PPV

    Y Furukawa, M Ishima, T Noguchi, T Ohnishi

    SYNTHETIC METALS   121 ( 1-3 ) 1649 - 1650  2001年03月

     概要を見る

    Infrared spectra of the light-emitting diodes fabricated with poly(2-methoxy-5-(2 ' -ethylhexyl oxy)-p-phenylenevinylene) have been measured in situ with an external reflection apparatus on a Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometer. Voltage-induced infrared absorption spectra have been measured using the difference-spectrum method. The observed bands have been attributed to injected positive carriers (polarons) on the basis of the spectra of the carriers generated by iodine-doping, Na-doping, and photo-irradiation. The observation of positive carriers is probably related to the predominance of injected positive carriers, which reduces the electroluminescence efficiency of the light-emitting diodes.

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    5
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  • Vibrational spectra and structures of long-chain streptocyanine dyes: Effects of electron-vibration interactions and vibrational polarizabilities

    K Furuya, H Torii, Y Furukawa, M Tasumi

    JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A   104 ( 47 ) 11203 - 11211  2000年11月

     概要を見る

    The structural and vibrational properties of streptocyanine dyes, expressed as [(CH3)(2)N(CH)(x)N(CH3)(2)]+ClO4- (called SCx in this paper) with x 2n + 1 (n = 0-10), are examined by measuring the infrared (IR) and Raman spectra in solution and in the polycrystalline state (for x 1, 3, 7, 9) and by carrying out density functional calculations at the BHandHLYP/6-31G* level. It is shown that the strong IR bands observed and calculated in the 1800-800 cm(-1) region arise from the normal modes containing large contributions from the vibrations along the bond-alternation coordinate of the conjugated chains. As the conjugated chain becomes longer, the strongest IR band shifts toward the lower-wavenumber side, inducing noticeable changes in the spectral pattern, and the total IR intensity increases significantly. The shifts to lower wavenumbers and the changes in the spectral pattern are explained by the decrease in the intrinsic wavenumber of the bond-alternation mode. A two-state model Hamiltonian, which involves electron-vibration interaction of the bond-alternation mode, reasonably explains the IR intensity enhancement. In the Raman spectra of SC7 and SC9, a few strong bands appear in solution which are not seen in the polycrystalline state. These Raman bands are considered to arise from the same vibrational modes as the strong IR bands, as in the case of similar Raman bands observed previously for SC5 in solution. The relative Raman intensities of the bands are, however, larger in the spectra of SC7 and SC9. These results provide strong evidence for the validity of the mechanism proposed previously that the electron-vibration interaction in the conjugated chain and the intermolecular interaction with the perchlorate ions (existing at various positions near the conjugated chain in solution) give rise to the strong Raman intensities of these bands. It is also suggested that the appearance of these bands is a good signature of the large vibrational contributions to the polarizability tensors in this type of conjugated molecules. The diagonal and off-diagonal force constants of the CC stretches in the conjugated chains are analyzed. It is shown that the conjugated chains of streptocyanine dyes are more strongly correlated than those of neutral polyene chains.

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  • Phase-modulation measurements of photoinduced infrared absorptions from poly(p-phenylene) and poly(2,5-dioctyloxy-p-phenylenevinylene)

    Y Furukawa, YH Cha, T Noguchi, T Ohnishi, M Tasumi

    JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE   521 ( 1-3 ) 211 - 220  2000年03月

     概要を見る

    Photoinduced infrared absorption spectra of poly(p-phenylene) and poly(2,5-dioctyloxy-p-phenylenevinylene) have been measured by the phase-modulation technique. The modulation-frequency dependencies of the intensity and the phase delay of the photoinduced infrared absorptions have been obtained. The observed modulation-frequency dependencies have been numerically simulated on the basis of a model consisting of a bimolecular recombination of the positive and negative polarons that are formed from a photogenerated polaron pair (interchain charge-transfer exciton). The rate constant of the bimolecular recombination process has been obtained. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

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  • Dynamic studies of conjugated polymers by phase-modulation IR-spectroscopy

    Yukio Furukawa

    Vibrational Spectroscopy   19 ( 1 ) 77 - 83  1999年

     概要を見る

    The application of phase-modulation infrared spectroscopy to the photoexcitation dynamics of conjugated polymers is described. The modulation-frequency dependencies of the intensity and phase delay of photoinduced absorption have been observed and simulated numerically on the basis of a model based on second-order kinetics involving a neutralization process between the positive and negative charge carriers (polarons) that are formed from a photogenerated interchain charge-transfer exciton (polaron pair). The rate constant of the bimolecular recombination process has been obtained. This numerical simulation is useful in analyzing the observed responses of a nonlinear system in the phase-modulation measurements. © 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

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    4
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  • Raman study of trans-polyacetylenes doped with electron donor and acceptors

    Jin Yeol Kim, Dae Woo Ihm, Yukio Furukawa, Mitsuo Tasumi

    Korea Polymer Journal   6   302 - 306  1998年12月

     概要を見る

    The Raman spectra of trans-polyacetylene films doped heavily with electron donor (Na) and acceptors (iodine, SO3, HClO4 FeCl3) were studied with excitation wavelengths between 488.0 and 1320 nm. The observed Raman bands are attributed to negatively and positively charged domains created by donor- and acceptor-doping, respectively. The observed large wavenumber dispersion of the C=C stretching vibration (v1 band) of charged domains suggests a broad distribution of localization lengths in the charged domains. The charged domains generated by doping are localized over not more than eleven conjugated C=C bonds. The observed wavenumber of the v2 band (CC stretch) of the acceptor-doped forms is higher than that of the corresponding band of pristine trans-poylacetylene, whereas the contrary is the case for the donor-doped forms.

  • Vibrational analysis of a strongly correlated system, pentamethine streptocyanine dye, based on observed infrared and Raman spectra and density functional calculations

    K Furuya, Y Inagaki, H Torii, Y Furukawa, M Tasumi

    JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A   102 ( 43 ) 8413 - 8421  1998年10月

     概要を見る

    Vibrational analysis is carried out for the organic (cationic) part of a pentamethine streptocyanine dye, [(CH3)(2)N(CH)(5)N(CH3)(2)]+ClO4- (alias SC5), by measuring its infrared and Raman spectra in solution and in the polycrystalline state and by calculating the vibrational force field and the IR and Raman intensities by the ab initio molecular orbital and density functional methods. It is found that a reasonable set of structural parameters and vibrational force field can be obtained for the SC5 organic part at the BHandHLYP/6-31G* level. The observed features of the IR and Raman spectra, including relative intensities, are well reproduced by the calculations at this theoretical level. Two strong IR bands observed in the 1600-1200-cm(-1) region arise from the delocalized b(1) modes along the bond-alternation coordinate of the conjugated chain. The strong IR intensities are explained by large charge fluxes induced by these modes due to the strong electron-vibration interaction. These modes also appear in the Raman spectrum in solution because of the interaction with the perchlorate ion existing at an asymmetric position near the conjugated chain. A delocalized al mode of the conjugated chain gives rise to a strong Raman band. Examination of the LR and Raman intensities and the vibrational force constants clearly shows that the conjugated chain of the SC5 organic part is a strongly correlated system. A detailed analysis of the origin of the IR and Raman intensities shows that the potential energy distribution is not necessarily a good indicator of the origin of intensities.

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  • Density functional study on the structures and vibrational spectra of the radical anion and cation of biphenyl

    K Furuya, H Torii, Y Furukawa, M Tasumi

    THEOCHEM-JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE   424 ( 3 ) 225 - 235  1998年02月

     概要を見る

    Density functional theory using the 6-31G* basis set and two non-local exchange-correlation functionals (B-YLP and B3-LYP) has been applied to the calculations of the structures and vibrational spectra of the radical anion and cation, of biphenyl. The B3-LYP dihedral angles between the two phenyl rings are 5.8 degrees and 19.5 degrees for the radical anion and cation, respectively. Upon ionization, structural changes occur in the direction from benzenoid to quinoid. The unsealed vibrational frequencies calculated at the B-YLP/6-31G* level are mostly in agreement with the frequencies in the Raman spectra of the radical anion and cation of the normal and perdeuterated species reported in the literature. The calculations predict that both the radical anion and cation give rise to a very strong infrared band, and that this band arises from a mode in which the benzenoid-to-quinoid deformation occurs out of phase in the two phenyl rings. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.

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  • Analysis of the intensity and phase delay of photoinduced infrared absorption from poly(2,3-thienylenevinylene)

    YH Cha, Y Furukawa, M Tasumi, T Noguchi, T Ohnishi

    CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS   280 ( 5-6 ) 464 - 468  1997年12月

     概要を見る

    Photoinduced infrared absorption spectra have been measured from poly(2,5-thienylenevinylene) by the phase-modulation method with modulation frequencies between 0.8 and 15 kHz. The modulation-frequency dependencies of the intensity and phase delay of the photoinduced infrared absorption have been numerically simulated by the use of a model based on second-order kinetics involving a neutralization recombination process between the positive and negative polarons, This numerical method is useful in analysing the nonlinear response associated with a bimolecular process. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.

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    5
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  • Electronic absorption and Raman studies of the radical anion and dianion of a polyene molecule (19,19′,20,20′-tetranor-β,β-carotene)

    Jin Yeol Kim, Yukio Furukawa, Mitsuo Tasumi, Mitsuo Tasumi

    Chemical Physics Letters   276 ( 5-6 ) 418 - 422  1997年09月

     概要を見る

    The electronic absorption and Raman spectra of the radical anion and dianion of 19,19′,20,20′-tetranor-β,β-carotene, a polyene molecule with eleven conjugated C=C bonds, have been studied. The radical anion has an intense absorption at 1.46 eV and a weak absorption at 1.00 eV, while the dianion has an intense absorption at 1.59 eV. The C=C stretching (v1) band of the radical anion is 26 cm-1lower, whereas the v1band of the dianion is 15 cm-1higher, than that of the neutral species. This upshift observed for the dianion suggests large structural changes such as inversion of bond alternation. The CH in-plane-bending (v2) bands of the radical anion and the dianion, both observed at 1275 cm-1, are 15 cm-1lower than that of the neutral species and may be used as a marker of negatively charged polyenes. © 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.

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    12
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  • Photoinduced infrared absorptions from conjugated polymers with nondegenerate ground states

    YH Cha, Y Furukawa, M Tasumi, T Noguchi, T Ohnishi

    CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS   273 ( 3-4 ) 159 - 163  1997年07月

     概要を見る

    Photoinduced infrared absorptions from poly(p-phenylene), poly(p-phenylenelinylene), poly(2,5-dioctyloxy-p-phenylenevinylene) and poly(2,5-thienylenevinylene) have been measured using the FT-IR difference-spectrum method, The observed photoinduced bands are attributable to photo-generated charged species which give rise to giant infrared intensities. The excitation-power dependences of the photoinduced absorption intensities can be explained by means of the bimolecular recombination of the positive and negative polarons that are formed from a polaron pair (interchain charge-transfer exciton) generated by photoirradiation. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B,V.

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    8
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  • Spectroscopic studies on the radical-cation dimer of a model compound of Poly(p-phenylenevinylene). Similarities between the dimer and the state of positive polarons in the sulfuric-acid-treated polymer

    A Sakamoto, Y Furukawa, M Tasumi

    JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B   101 ( 10 ) 1726 - 1732  1997年03月

     概要を見る

    Reversible dimerization of the radical cations of a model compound [CH3(C6H4CH=CH)(2)C6H4CH3] of poly-(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) in dichloromethane solution has been studied by electronic absorption, electron spin resonance, and resonance Raman spectroscopy. The electronic absorption spectrum of the radical-cation monomer drastically changes upon dimerization; the absorption maxima of the monomer are located at 636 and 1200 nm (15 700 and 8330 cm(-1)) and those of the dimer at 527 and 981 nm (19 000 and 10 200 cm(-1)) The monomer-dimer equilibrium constants (K's) at various temperatures have been determined from the observed temperature dependence of the electronic absorption spectra. From the van't Hoff plot of ln K against 1/T, the heat of dimerization Delta H has been evaluated to be -12.6 kcal mol(-1). Electron spin resonance measurements have shown that the unpaired spins of the radical-cation monomers make a pair in the dimer. Such a radical-cation dimer is a good model of interchain interaction between polarons that are created on neighboring chains of PPV. The resonance Raman spectra of sulfuric-acid-treated PPV have been analyzed on the basis of the spectra of the radical-cation monomer and dimer. Sulfuric-acid-treated PPV is considered to contain positive polarons that interact with other polarons, in addition to positive polarons without such interaction.

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  • The 1320-nm excited FT-Raman spectra of Na-doped trans-polyacetylene

    Jin Yeol Kim, Satoshi Ando, Akira Sakamoto, Yukio Furukawa, Mitsuo Tasumi

    Synthetic Metals   89 ( 2 ) 149 - 152  1997年01月

     概要を見る

    The FT-Raman spectra of trans-polyacetylene doped with Na at various concentrations were observed with the 1320-nm laser line. Doping-induced Raman bands for lightly doped trans-polyacetylene were observed for the first time. The observed wavenumbers of the ν1, and ν4bands (C=C and C-C stretches) of lightly doped trans-polyacetylene are lower than those of the corresponding bands of pristine transpolyacetylene, whereas the contrary is the case for heavily doped trans-polyacetylene. The origins of doping-induced Raman bands are discussed in terms of solitons and polarons. © 1997 Elsevier Science S.A.

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  • Inelastic neutron scattering from trans-polyacetylene

    S Hirata, H Torii, Y Furukawa, M Tasumi, J Tomkinson

    CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS   261 ( 3 ) 241 - 245  1996年10月

     概要を見る

    A high-resolution inelastic neutron scattering (INS) spectrum has been observed for trans-polyacetylene films in the range 8-4000 cm(-1) at 6 K, and compared with the calculated INS spectrum based on the force field obtained in our previous study. The peak positions as well as the overall intensity profile of the observed INS spectrum are well reproduced by the present calculation, in which the effects of the Debye-Waller factors and the phonon wings are taken into account.

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  • Electronic absorption and Raman studies of BF-<inf>4</inf>-doped polythiophene based on the spectra of the radical cation and dication of α-sexithiophene

    N. Yokonuma, N. Yokonuma, Y. Furukawa, M. Tasumi, M. Kuroda, J. Nakayama

    Chemical Physics Letters   255 ( 4-6 ) 431 - 436  1996年06月

     概要を見る

    The electronic absorption and Raman spectra of as-polymerized BF-4-doped polythiophene have been analyzed on the basis of the spectra of the radical cation and dication of α-sexithiophene, viewed as models of a positive polaron and a positive bipolaron, respectively. The Raman spectra taken with laser lines between 632.8 and 1064 nm have been attributed to positive polarons existing in doped polythiophene. The Raman results confirm that the two-band feature observed in the electronic absorption spectra of doped polythiophene is attributable to polarons.

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  • Phase-modulation measurements of photoinduced infrared absorptions from polythiophene

    Nami Yokonuma, Yukio Furukawa, Mitsuo Tasumi

    Journal of Molecular Structure   379 ( 1-3 ) 25 - 30  1996年

     概要を見る

    The magnitude and phase delay of the photoinduced infrared absorption bands of polythiophene have been measured at 78 K with a sinusoidal intensity-modulation of 514.5 nm laser light. All the photoinduced bands show the same response in magnitude and phase delay to the external stimulus. The magnitudes of the photoinduced bands show an approximate f 0.6 dependence on the modulation frequency above 1.25 kHz. The micro- to millisecond photoexcitation dynamics are discussed. © 1996 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

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    6
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  • Electronic absorption and vibrational spectroscopies of conjugated conducting polymers

    Yukio Furukawa

    Journal of Physical Chemistry   100 ( 39 ) 15644 - 15653  1996年

     概要を見る

    Conjugated conducting polymers constitute a subject of research lying at the interface between solid-state physics and molecular science. Electronic absorption and vibrational spectroscopies of doped conjugated polymers, whose ground states are nondegenerate, are reviewed from a viewpoint of molecular spectroscopy. Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool for studying the structures of polarons and bipolarons, which are associated with electrical, magnetic, and optical properties of the polymers. Electronic absorption and Raman spectra of doped polymers have been analyzed on the basis of those of model compounds. These analyses have led us to the conclusion that polarons are the major species generated by doping in most nondegenerate conjugated polymers such as polythiophene, poly(p-phenylene), and poly(p-phenylenevinylene), in contrast with the previous view that bipolarons are the major species. The theoretical and experimental bases of these two contradictory views are discussed. © 1996 American Chemical Society.

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  • Spectroscopic studies of conducting polymers

    Y Furukawa, A Sakamoto, M Tasumi

    MACROMOLECULAR SYMPOSIA   101   95 - 102  1996年01月

     概要を見る

    Electronic and vibrational spectra of poly(p-phenylenevinylene) doped with donors or accepters have been studied, together with the spectra obtained for the radical ions and divalent ions of its oligomers. The electronic absorption spectra of doped poly(p-phenylenevinylene) in the region from visible to near-infrared show two bands for the H2SO4-doped species and one very broad band for the Na-doped species. On the basis of the analyses of resonance Raman spectra, the two electronic absorption bands of the H2SO4-doped species are attributed to a polaron-lattice structure, whereas the broad band of the Na-doped species is attributed to overlapping absorptions associated with localized electronic levels of polarons and bipolarons. A Pauli spin susceptibility of the H2SO4-doped species is explained by the polaron-lattice structure.

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    7
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  • Vibrational analysis of the radical anion and cation of biphenyl based on density functional calculations

    K Furuya, H Torii, Y Furukawa, M Tasumi

    CHEMISTRY LETTERS   ( 10 ) 913 - 914  1996年

     概要を見る

    The density functional theory has been used for calculating the structures and vibrational wavenumbers of the radical anion and cation of biphenyl. The radical anion has a planar structure, while the radical cation is twisted. Upon ionization, structural changes occur in the direction from benzenoid to quinoid. Unsealed wavenumbers calculated at the Becke-Lee-Yang-Parr/6-31G* level are mostly in agreement with observed vibrational wavenumbers in the literature.

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    14
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  • RESONANCE RAMAN-SPECTRA OF SO3-DOPED POLY(P-PHENYLENEVINYLENE)

    A SAKAMOTO, Y FURUKAWA, M TASUMI, T NOGUCHI, T OHNISHI

    SYNTHETIC METALS   69 ( 1-3 ) 439 - 440  1995年03月

     概要を見る

    The resonance Raman spectra of SO3-doped poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) with two different electrical conductivities of 1 and 10 S cm(-1) have been observed and analyzed by referring to the data of the radical cations of the model compounds. Both SO3-doped PPV films with electrical conductivities of 1 and 10 S cm(-1) are considered to contain positive polarons having a more or less uniform lengths. The difference in the formation of polarons on the two sides of the doped film, i.e., one shiny side and the other dull side, is observed.

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    6
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  • RAMAN-SPECTRA OF POLYACETYLENE DOPED WITH ELECTRON-ACCEPTOR

    Y UCHIDA, Y FURUKAWA, M TASUMI

    SYNTHETIC METALS   69 ( 1-3 ) 55 - 56  1995年03月

     概要を見る

    The Raman spectra of a polyacetylene film doped heavily with SO3 have been measured with excitation wavelengths between 488.0 and 1064 nm. Observed Raman bands are attributed to positively charged domains generated by SO3 doping. Doping-induced changes in the Raman spectra are summarized as follows. (1) The nu(1) and nu(3) bands observed in the region of 1575-1485 and 1147-1122 cm(-1) respectively, upshift upon doping. (2) The nu(1) and nu(3) bands become broad upon doping. (3) Small but significant upshifts of the nu(2) band in the region of 1301-1294 cm(-1) are observed upon p-type doping in contrast to downshifts for n-type doping.

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  • REEXAMINATION OF THE ASSIGNMENTS OF ELECTRONIC ABSORPTION-BANDS OF POLARONS AND BIPOLARONS IN CONDUCTING POLYMERS

    Y FURUKAWA

    SYNTHETIC METALS   69 ( 1-3 ) 629 - 632  1995年03月

     概要を見る

    Electronic absorptions due to polarons and bipolarons in nondegenerate polymers have been reexamined on the basis of the data of the radical ions (models of polarons) and divalent ions (models of bipolarons) of alpha-oligothiophenes and p-oligophenyls. From the electronic absorption spectra of these model species, it has been concluded that two transitions are strong among the three expected for a polaron, whereas one transition is strong among the two expected for a bipolaron. Two bands observed in the electronic absorption spectra of doped polythiophene, poly(p-phenylene) and poly(-phenylenevinylene), which were previously attributed to bipolarons, have been reassigned to polarons. These assignments are consistent with the results of Raman studies reported recently. The confinement parameters of these polymers have been estimated on the basis of the new assignments.

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  • RAMAN STUDIES OF DOPED POLYTHIOPHENE AND THE RADICAL-CATION AND DICATION OF QUINQUETHIOPHENE

    Y FURUKAWA, N YOKONUMA, M TASUMI, M KURODA, J NAKAYAMA

    MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SECTION A-MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS   256   113 - 120  1994年

     概要を見る

    The near-infrared Raman and electronic absorption spectra of an as-polymerized BF4--doped polythiophene film have been measured and analyzed by referring to the data of the radical cation and dication of alpha-quinquethiophene, which are models of a positive polaron and a positive bipolaron, respectively. Similarities between the Raman spectrum of doped polythiophene and that of the radical cation suggest that the observed Raman bands of the doped polymer arise from positive polarons. It is shown that the two characteristic bands in the electronic absorption spectrum of the doped polymer are assignable to positive polarons.

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  • RAMAN-SPECTRA OF HEAVILY SODIUM-DOPED TRANSPOLYACETYLENE AND THE RADICAL-ANIONS OF DIPHENYLPOLYENES AND DITHIENYLPOLYENES

    Y FURUKAWA, Y UCHIDA, M TASUMI, CW SPANGLER

    MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SECTION A-MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS   256   721 - 726  1994年

     概要を見る

    The Raman spectra of trans-polyacetylene doped with sodium (Na) at the maximal level have been measured with excitation laser lines between 488.0 and 1064 nm. These spectra have been compared with those of model compounds, i.e., the radical anions of alpha, omega-diphenylpolyenes (Ph-(CH=CH)(n)-Ph, n = 3, 4) and alpha, omega-di-2-thienylpolyenes (Th-(CH=CH)(n)-Th, n = 3 and 4). The similarity between the Raman spectra of Na-doped polyacetylene and those of the radical anions indicates that the observed bands of Na-doped polyacetylene arise from charged domains generated by Na-doping. The observed large wavenumber dispersion of the C=C stretching vibration of the charged domains suggests a broad distribution of localization lengths in the charged domains.

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  • Resonance Raman and ultraviolet to infrared absorption studies of positive polarons and bipolarons in sulfuric-acid-treated poly(p-phenylenevinylene)

    Akira Sakamoto, Yukio Furukawa, Mitsuo Tasumi

    Journal of Physical Chemistry   98 ( 17 ) 4635 - 4640  1994年

     概要を見る

    The resonance Raman and infrared spectra of sulfuric-acid-treated poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) have been observed and analyzed on the basis of the resonance Raman spectra of the radical-cation and dication species of the model compounds CH3(C6H4CH=CH)nC6H 4CH3 (PVn, n = 1-3), which correspond, respectively, to positive polarons and bipolarons in PPV. Sulfuric-acid-treated PPV is considered to contain a considerable amount of positive polarons having a more or less uniform length and a relatively small amount of positive bipolarons. Of the two electronic absorption bands at 2.25 and 1.00 eV of sulfuric-acid-treated PPV, the former absorption band is due to the positive polarons, whereas the latter has overlapping components arising from the positive polarons and bipolarons. It is suggested that the high electrical conductivity of sulfuric-acid-treated PPV may be due to formation of a polaron lattice, a regular array of polarons. © 1994 American Chemical Society.

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  • Vibrational studies on electronic structures in metallic and insulating phases of the Cu complexes of substituted dicyanoquinonediimines (DCNQI). A comparison with the cases of the Li and Ba complexes

    Yoshihiro Yamakita, Yukio Furukawa, Akiko Kobayashi, Mitsuo Tasumi, Reizo Kato, Hayao Kobayashi

    The Journal of Chemical Physics   100 ( 4 ) 2449 - 2457  1994年

     概要を見る

    Electronic structures in metallic and insulating phases of the Li, Cu, and Ba complexes of 2,5-R1,R2-DCNQI [R1=R 2=Br (abbreviated as DBr) or R1=R2=CH 3 (abbreviated as DMe)
    DCNQI=N,N′-dicyanoquinonediimine
    2,5- is usually omitted] have been studied by observing temperature dependencies of their infrared absorption bands between 295 and 23 K. At room temperature, the wave numbers (ṽi) of infrared absorption bands of R 1,R2-DCNQI and its Li and Ba complexes are linearly correlated with the degrees of charge transfer (ρ) (ρ=- 0.5 and -1.0e for the Li and Ba complexes, respectively). The ṽi-ρ relationships indicate that the ρ value for the Cu complexes is -0.67e. This result is consistent with the previously established view that the Cu cations in the Cu complexes at room temperature are in a mixed-valence state of Cu 1.33+. In the infrared spectrum of Cu(DBr-DCNQI)2 at room temperature, no electron-molecular vibration (EMV) coupling bands are observed. Below the metal-insulator (M-I) transition temperature (TMI), EMV bands grow continuously and the ordinary infrared bands observed at room temperature gradually split into three bands with decreasing temperature. Similarly, the infrared bands of Li(DBr-DCNQI)2 split into two bands. These splittings are due to an inhomogeneous charge distribution in the DCNQI columns produced by the freezing of charge-density wave (CDW). The peak-to-peak amplitudes of CDWs in the DCNQI columns estimated by use of the ṽi-ρ relationships are 0.08±0.04 and 0.40±0.04e, respectively, for the Li and Cu complexes of DBr-DCNQI. The state of the frozen CDW is inferred from the number of split bands. Based on the observed continuous change of the infrared spectra of Cu(DBr-DCNQI)2 and the discontinuous changes of other quantities such as x-ray satellite reflections, lattice parameters, and magnetic susceptibilities, the M-I transition in Cu(DBr-DCNQI)2 may be described as follows: (1) above TMI the charges on Cu cations (two Cu1+'s: one Cu 2+) are dynamically averaged to + 1.33e through the Cu⋯N≡C bridge. (2) At TMI the charges abruptly localize in the order of (Cu1+⋯Cu2+⋯Cu 1+⋯)n. At the same time, the CDWs begin to be frozen in the DCNQI columns. (3) As temperature decreases below TMI, the order of the frozen CDW develops gradually. In contrast to these changes in Cu(DBr-DCNQI)2, neither EMV bands nor band splittings are observed in the infrared spectra of Cu(DMe-DCNQI)2 at low temperatures. Instead, almost all bands show negative absorption lobes on their low-wave number sides and become asymmetric. This asymmetrization is due to interactions between the vibrational levels and low-lying continuous electronic levels responsible for a broad band observed in the 1600-800 cm-1 region. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.

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  • Picosecond transient Raman spectra of S-1 bis(methylstyryl)benzene: A model for photoexcitations in poly(p-phenylenevinylene)

    TL GUSTAFSON, LA HUSTON, JD LEONARD, A SAKAMOTO, Y FURUKAWA, M TASUMI

    FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY     464 - 465  1994年  [査読有り]

  • Vibrational studies of conducting polymers

    M TASUMI, Y FURUKAWA, A SAKAMOTO, H OHTSUKA

    FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY     35 - 38  1994年  [査読有り]

  • Resonance Raman study of the radical anions and dianions of P-oligophenyls: Models of polarons and bipolarons (charge carriers) in conducting poly(p-phenylene)

    Y FURUKAWA, H OHTSUKA, M TASUMI

    FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY     260 - 261  1994年  [査読有り]

  • RESONANT RAMAN CHARACTERIZATION OF POLARONS AND BIPOLARONS IN ALKALI-METAL-DOPED POLY(P-PHENYLENEVINYLENE)

    A SAKAMOTO, Y FURUKAWA, M TASUMI

    SYNTHETIC METALS   55 ( 1 ) 593 - 598  1993年03月

     概要を見る

    The resonant Raman spectra of lightly sodium-doped and heavily potassium-doped poly(p-phenylenevinylene)'s (PPV's) have been studied. These spectra have been analyzed on the basis of the resonant Raman spectra of the radical anions and dianions of three model compounds CH3(C6H4CH=CH)nC6H4CH3 (PVn, n=1-3), which correspond, respectively, to negative polarons and bipolarons in PPV. The lightly sodium-doped PPV film contains a bipolaron which is localized in a region close to PV3, in addition to two kinds of polarons whose lengths are close to PV2 and PV3. The 1064-nm-excited resonant Raman spectrum of potassium-doped PPV is attributed to a bipolaron localized in a region close to PV3. The resonant Raman spectra of potassium-doped PPV excited at 514.5, 632.8 and 752.5 nm are explained by the existence of negative polarons. However, the bands in the 1271 - 1246 cm-1 range, which are observed for sodium-doped PPV and assigned to polarons, are not observed for potassium-doped PPV. The reason for their absence is discussed.

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  • RAMAN STUDIES OF POLARONS AND BIPOLARONS IN SODIUM-DOPED POLY-P-PHENYLENE

    Y FURUKAWA, H OHTSUKA, M TASUMI

    SYNTHETIC METALS   55 ( 1 ) 516 - 523  1993年03月

     概要を見る

    Raman spectra have been measured of heavily Na-doped poly-p-phenylene (PPP) with various laser lines in the 488.0-1064 nm region. They have been compared with those of the radical anions and dianions of p-oligophenyls (p-terphenyl, p-quaterphenyl, p-quinquephenyl and p-sexiphenyl). The Raman spectra of Na-doped PPP excited at 488.0-514.5 nm and 632.8-1064 nm are attributed, respectively, to negative polarons and bipolarons. Electronic absorption spectra of doped PPP are explained by the coexistence of negative polarons and bipolarons on the basis of the Raman results.

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  • Raman studies of intact and sodium doped 13C‐substituted poly‐p‐phenylene

    Yukio Furukawa, Hirofumi Ohtsuka, Mitsuo Tasumi, Isao Wataru, Takaki Kanbara, Takakazu Yamamoto

    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy   24 ( 8 ) 551 - 554  1993年

     概要を見る

    The Raman and infrared spectra of 13C‐substituted poly‐p‐phenylene (PPP) and the Raman spectra of Na‐doped PPP excited at 488.0 and 1064 nm were observed and compared with the corresponding spectra for the ordinary (12C) polymer. 13C substitution is shown to be useful for characterizing not only the bands of intact PPP but also those of polarons and bipolarons generated in Na‐doped PPP. The number of Raman bands observed for bioplarons (and also for polarons) is greater than that for intact PPP. This observation is explained as the result of the loss of translational symmetry in the regions of these local excitations. Copyright © 1993 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

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  • Dependencies of the Raman spectra of p-oligophenyls on the chain length and the excitation wavelength

    Hirofumi Ohtsuka, Yukio Furukawa, Mitsuo Tasumi

    Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular Spectroscopy   49 ( 5-6 ) 731 - 737  1993年

     概要を見る

    The 1064 nm excited Raman spectra of p-terphenyl, p-quaterphenyl, p-quinquephenyl and p-sexiphenyl have been observed and compared with the 514.5 nm excited spectra. Dependencies of intensities of some major bands on the chain length and the excitation wavelength are discussed in terms of the preresonant Raman effect. A method for estimating the chain length from relative intensities is proposed. © 1993.

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  • Mixed valency of Cu, electron-mass enhancement, and three-dimensional arrangement of magnetic sites in the organic conductors (R1,R2-N,N'-dicyanoquinonediimine)2Cu (where R1,R2=CH3,CH3O,Cl,Br)

    H. Kobayashi, A. Miyamoto, R. Kato, F. Sakai, A. Kobayashi, Y. Yamakita, Y. Furukawa, M. Tasumi, T. Watanabe

    Physical Review B   47 ( 7 ) 3500 - 3510  1993年

     概要を見る

    The unique molecular conductors with pπ-d mixing band structures (R1,R2-N,N'-dicyanoquinonediimine)2Cu [(R1,R2-DCNQI)2Cu] (R1,R2=CH3,CH3O,Cl,Br) were examined. General features of the phase diagram of the DCNQI-Cu system were depicted. A region that is related to the existence of anomalously heavy-metal electrons has been found. The T2 dependence of the low-temperature resistivity of the alloyed system (DMe1-xMeBrx-DCNQI)2Cu (where Me=CH3) suggests a large enhancement of the electron mass at the critical situation where the system begins to exhibit a characteristic metal instability. The mixed valency of Cu (Cu+1.3) in (DMe-DCNQI)2Cu was confirmed by ir experiments performed on neutral DMe-DCNQI crystals and (DMe-DCNQI)2M (M=Li, Ba, Cu). The same conclusion was also derived from a low-temperature x-ray-diffraction experiment. The gradual temperature dependences of the ir absorption intensities of totally symmetric modes of (DBr-DCNQI)2Cu observed below the metal-insulator transition temperature (TMI) are in contrast with the discontinuous resistivity and susceptibility changes at TMI. This may be attributable to the existence of two driving forces characterizing the M-I transition. One is the sharp charge ordering in Cu sites and the other is the continuous development of charge-density waves on DCNQI stacks. The arrangement of Cu2+ and Cu+ below TMI was determined by an x-ray crystal-structure analysis of the threefold insulating phase of (MeBr-DCNQI)2Cu at 110 K. The nearest-neighbor Cu2+ ions interact with each other via two DCNQI molecules. A plausible spin structure of the antiferromagnetic ground state was proposed. According to this spin-structure model, the magnetic moments of Cu2+ along the crystallographic c axis will be arranged ferromagnetically. © 1993 The American Physical Society.

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  • Vibrational studies on the dynamics of switching between the surface-stabilized states of a ferroelectric liquid crystal by asynchronous time-resolved fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

    Koji Masutani, Akira Yokota, Yukio Furukawa, Mitsuo Tasumi, Atsushi Yoshizawa

    Applied Spectroscopy   47 ( 9 ) 1370 - 1375  1993年

     概要を見る

    Time-resolved polarized infrared spectra have been observed from a ferroelectric liquid crystal (chiral smectic C phase) consisting of a chiral dopant and a nonchiral smectic base during the course of switching between the surface-stabilized states. A primary fast process and the subsequent slow process have been observed for all infrared bands. The chiral dopant and smectic base molecules move simultaneously. The observed time behavior of the infrared bands can be mostly explained by the reorientation of a rigid molecule whose rotational motion around the molecular long axis is almost free. The static intensities and the time behavior of the ester and keto C=O stretching bands do not seem to be consistent with the simple view on the role of these groups. © 1993 Society for Applied Spectroscopy.

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  • Phase-modulation infrared spectroscopy and its application to measurements of photo-induced absorptions from trans-polyacetylene

    Yukio Furukawa

    Applied Spectroscopy   47 ( 9 ) 1405 - 1410  1993年

     概要を見る

    The outline of phase-modulation infrared spectroscopy is described. The relationship between the frequency-domain response from phase-modulation experiments and the time-domain response from time-resolved experiments is derived. The microsecond dynamics following photoexcitation in trans-polyacetylene has been studied by phase-modulation infrared spectroscopy. The magnitude and phase (or in-phase and quadrature components) of the photo-induced infrared band at 1367 cm J have been measured at 78 K with modulation frequencies between 600 Hz and 10.5 kHz by using an experimental setup based on a continuousscan Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer. The magnitude of this band shows an approximate ε-1 dependence for frequencies below 9 kHz and a rapid decrease above 9 kHz. These results are inconsistent with a unimolecular decay, which should show a dependence of the form ε-1. © 1993 Society for Applied Spectroscopy.

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  • Asynchronous pulsed-laser-excited Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy and its applications

    Akira Sakamoto, Yukio Furukawa, Mitsuo Tasumi, Koji Masutani

    Applied Spectroscopy   47 ( 9 ) 1457 - 1461  1993年

     概要を見る

    An asynchronous pulsed-laser-excited Fourier transform Raman spectrophotometer based on a conventional continuous-scan interferometer has been developed. The additional assembly required for pulsed-laserexcited measurements, which consists of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser, a gate circuit, and a low-pass filter, can be attached to any conventional FTRaman spectrophotometer. The principle of the signal-processing of this method is almost the same as that of the asynchronous time-resolved Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy reported previously. This method does not require the synchronization between the Raman excitation and the sampling of the A/D converter. As an application of this method, it is demonstrated that the use of a pulsed laser and a gate circuit can give a significant increase in signal-to-noise ratios over continuous-wave measurements with the same average laser power. It is also shown that when a constant background (for example, thermal radiation from samples at high temperatures) or a long-lived background is present, the use of pulsed excitation and a gate circuit can effectively reduce the background. Moreover, pulsed excitation can be used for recording timeresolved Raman spectra by using an FT-Raman spectrophotometer. The time resolution is governed only by the width of the probe laser pulse. The potentiality of this method is demonstrated. © 1993 Society for Applied Spectroscopy.

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  • RAMAN CHARACTERIZATION OF POLARONS, BIPOLARONS AND SOLITONS IN CONDUCTING POLYMERS

    Y FURUKAWA, A SAKAMOTO, H OHTA, M TASUMI

    SYNTHETIC METALS   49 ( 1-3 ) 335 - 340  1992年08月

     概要を見る

    The use of Raman spectroscopy for characterizing self-localized excitations (polarons, bipolarons and solitons) in conducting polymers is described. A methodology for identifying these excitations is proposed. The method includes two important points: (1) Raman measurements with not only visible but also near-infrared laser excitation; (2) spectral analysis based on the Raman spectra of radical ions, divalent ions and ions of oligomers. Applications of this method to Na-doped poly(1,4-phenylenevinylene) and Na-doped trans-polyacetylene are demonstrated.

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  • Infrared and Raman studies of poly(p-phenylenevinylene) and its model compounds

    Akira Sakamoto, Yukio Furukawa, Mitsuo Tasumi

    Journal of Physical Chemistry   96 ( 3 ) 1490 - 1494  1992年

     概要を見る

    The infrared and Raman spectra of poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) and its low molecular weight model compounds CH3(C6H4CH=CH)nC6H 4CH3 (n = 1-3) have been studied, and the following points have been made clear. (1) The vinylene groups in PPV are slightly distorted from a planar trans form, so that the PPV molecule has approximate C2h symmetry. (2) Extensive π-electron conjugation takes place between the phenylene and vinylene groups, and the degree of conjugation increases with increasing chain length. (3) The positions and relative intensities of the infrared and Raman bands of the model compounds change regularly as the chain length increases and rapidly converge on those of PPV, which are considered to be practically identical to those of an infinitely long chain. (4) The positions of the Raman bands of PPV slightly shift with the excitation wavelength. The 363.8-nm-excited Raman spectrum seems to arise from segments whose lengths are of the order of the model compound n = 3, whereas the Raman spectra excited at longer wavelengths correspond to longer segments which are dominant in quantity. © 1992 American Chemical Society.

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  • Resonance Raman characterization of polarons and bipolarons in sodium-doped poly(p-phenylenevinylene)

    Akira Sakamoto, Yukio Furukawa, Mitsuo Tasumi

    Journal of Physical Chemistry   96 ( 9 ) 3870 - 3874  1992年

     概要を見る

    The resonance Raman spectra of sodium-doped poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) and the radical anions and dianions of three model compounds CH3(C6H4CH=CH)nC6H 4CH3 (PVn, n = 1-3) have been studied. The Raman spectra of sodium-doped PPV show marked changes with laser wavelengths used for Raman excitation. These spectra have been analyzed on the basis of the resonance Raman spectra of the radical anions and dianions of the model compounds, which correspond, respectively, to negative polarons and bipolarons in PPV. Three kinds of negative polarons whose lengths are close to PV1, PV2, and PV3, and a bipolaron which is localized in a region close to PV3, exist in a sodium-doped PPV film. Upon prolonged heat treatment of the sodium-doped PPV (290°C, 12 h), the shortest polaron corresponding to the radical anion of PV1 disappears, probably because it combines with another polaron to form a bipolaron. These results indicate that resonance Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool for characterizing polarons and bipolarons in conducting polymers. © 1992 American Chemical Society.

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  • NOVEL ASYNCHRONOUS TIME-RESOLVED FOURIER-TRANSFORM IR SPECTROSCOPY

    K MASUTANI, A YOKOTA, Y FURUKAWA, M TASUMI

    8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FOURIER TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY   1575   224 - 225  1992年  [査読有り]

  • INFRARED-SPECTRA OF A TI(O-N-BU)4-ALET3 CATALYST AND VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA OF HIGHLY-CONDUCTING POLYACETYLENE

    Y FURUKAWA, Y IMAI, H OHTA, M TASUMI

    SYNTHETIC METALS   41 ( 1-2 ) 91 - 94  1991年04月

     概要を見る

    A new method for measuring infrared spectra of a Ti(O-n-Bu)4-AlEt3 catalyst is developed. Upon heat treatment of the catalyst, formation of linear and/or cyclic oxo-complexes of titanium having the Ti-O-Ti linkage is suggested. The existence of oxo-complexes seems to be correlated with high electrical conductivity of resulting polyacetylene upon full iodine-doping. Raman spectra arising from doped domains have been obtained for the first time by Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy with 1064-nm excitation. Even at full iodine-doping, the polymer chain does not have a uniform bond order, and contains doped domains in which bond alternation persists. Small differences are observed between the Raman spectra of conventional and new highly-conducting polyacetylenes.

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  • 1064-nm-excited Fourier transform Raman studies of bacteriochlorophyll-a in solid films and in a blue-green mutant of Rhodobacter sphaeroides

    T. Noguchi, Y. Furukawa, M. Tasumi

    Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular Spectroscopy   47 ( 9-10 ) 1431 - 1440  1991年

     概要を見る

    1064-nm-excited Fourier transform Raman spectra of bacteriochlorophyll-a (BChl) in various solid films and in chromatophores from a blue-green mutant of Rhodobacter sphaeroides have been obtained. The observed Raman spectra are free from high fluorescence backgrounds and sample degradation. The observed intensities seem to be enhanced because of a pre-resonant effect between the exciting radiation at 1064 nm and the Qy absorption at 770-870 nm of BChl. The spectral features are substantially different from the Soret and Qx resonance Raman spectra extensively investigated so far
    several bands in the wavenumber region lower than 1200 cm-1 are particularly enhanced in the Qy pre-resonance Raman spectra. Bands due to both the C2O and C9O stretches appear at 1700-1620 cm-1, providing structural information on these carbonyl groups. In the CC stretching region (1620-1490 cm-1), the correlation between band positions and the co-ordination number of central magnesium, which was previously found in the Soret-excited Raman spectra, is preserved in the Qy, pre-resonance Raman spectra as well. The relative intensities of strong bands in the 1200-1000 cm-1 region appear to be useful for characterizing the BChl state. By using these advantages of the Qy, pre-resonance Raman spectra, molecular interactions and arrangements of BChl in hydrated films and in the B870 light-harvesting complex of R. sphaeroides are discussed. © 1991.

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  • 1064-NANOMETER-EXCITED FOURIER-TRANSFORM RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY OF CONDUCTING POLYMERS

    Y FURUKAWA, H OHTA, A SAKAMOTO, M TASUMI

    SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY   47 ( 9-10 ) 1367 - 1373  1991年

     概要を見る

    Application of 1064-nm-excited Fourier transform (FT)-Raman spectroscopy to the characterization of conducting polymers is described. 1064-nm-excited FT-Raman spectra with high signal-to-noise ratios are obtained from polyacetylene (PA), poly(1,4-phenylene) (PPP), poly(1,4-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) and poly(2,5-thienylene vinylene) (PTV) in their neutral (insulting) state. The resonant Raman spectra of acceptor- or donor-doped (conducting) PA and PPV are also obtained with 1064-nm excitation. The resonant Raman spectra of Na-doped PA change in two stages with increasing dopant concentration, the first change corresponding to the increase in electrical conductivity and the second to the appearance of a Pauli susceptibility. The 1064-nm-excited FT-Raman spectrum of Na-doped PPV indicates existence of negative bipolarons which are equivalent to divalent anions extending over a few repeating units in the polymer chains.

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  • Study on the Interconversion of Unit Structures in Polyaniline by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

    T. Nakajima, M. Harada, R. Osawa, T. Kawagoe, Y. Furukawa, I. Harada

    Macromolecules   22 ( 6 ) 2644 - 2648  1989年11月

     概要を見る

    XPS N1S and valence spectra of various forms of polyaniline were studied and the compositions of four unit structures in some films were determined. A proposed scheme of interconversion of the unit structures by reduction/oxidation and acid/base treatment is useful to understand the interconversion mechanism of polyaniline. Reduced-base-treated polyaniline (1A, white) is taken as a standard material because it consists solely of imino-l,4-phenylene (IP) units (—NHC6H4—). Electrochemical oxidation of 1A in nonaqueous medium converts part (46%) of IP into its radical cation (IP.+) (doped 1A). Acid treatment of 1A changes some IP (28%) to its cation (IP+) (IS). Base treatment of doped 1A converts two IP.+-IP parts into two IP parts and one nitrilo-2,5-cyclohexadiene-l,4-diylidenenitrilo-l,4-phenylene (NP) (—N=C6H4= N—C6H4—) part to give a sample which is practically the same as base-treated polyaniline (2A). Washing of as-polymerized polyaniline changes some IP+to IP and some IP*+to NP (2S(H20)). An earlier conclusion that the radical cation of imino-l,4-phenylene plays an important role in electrical conduction in polyaniline has been supported, and it is pointed out that a highly conducting form of polyaniline exhibits a finite density of state at the Fermi energy. A large change in the valence structure is also observed at 8.7 eV in polyaniline containing IP*+. The advantage of an electrochemical redox process in nonaqueous media over that in aqueous media for practical purposes is explained. © 1989, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

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  • RAMAN STUDIES OF POLYACETYLENE PREPARED BY THE NAARMANN METHOD

    Y FURUKAWA, Y IMAI, M TASUMI

    SYNTHETIC METALS   32 ( 2 ) 253 - 256  1989年10月

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  • VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA AND STRUCTURE OF POLYANILINE AND RELATED-COMPOUNDS

    HARADA, I, Y FURUKAWA, F UEDA

    SYNTHETIC METALS   29 ( 1 ) E303 - E312  1989年03月

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  • Infrared Studies on the Less Stable Conformer of Isoprene in Argon Matrices

    Taka-Aki Ishibashi, Yukio Furukawa, Mitsuo Tasumi

    NIPPON KAGAKU KAISHI   1989 ( 8 ) 1418 - 1422  1989年

     概要を見る

    In frared spectra of the less stable conformer of isoprene have been observed in low-temperature argon matrices (Figs 1-3). Irradiation of the matrix-isolated isoprene with a low-pressure Hg lamp increases the population of the less stable conformer. Deposition of an isoprene/argon mixture heated through a high temperature nozzle exhibits a similar effect. The less stable conformer has been identified as the gauche form by comparing the observed spectra with the results of normal-coordinate calculations previously reported by Bock et al. Most of the observed bands in the region below 1700 cm-1 have been reasonably assigned to the calculated modes of either the trans or the gauche form (Table 1). © 1989, The Chemical Society of Japan. All rights reserved.

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  • Structural studies and vibrational analyses of stable and less stable conformers of 1,3,5-hexatriene based on ab initio MO calculations

    H. Yoshida, Y. Furukawa, M. Tasumi

    Journal of Molecular Structure   194   279 - 299  1989年01月

     概要を見る

    For 3-trans and 3-cis isomers of 1,3,5-hexatriene, structure parameters of not only the stable (trans about the CC single bonds) but also less stable conformers have been optimized by restricted Hartree-Fock calculations at the 6-31G level. The less stable conformers are found to have torsional angles about the CC single bonds in the range between 32° and 48° from the planar s-cis conformation. Force constants in the Cartesian-coordinate space have been calculated and transformed into the group-coordinate force constants, which have then been adjusted to obtain good agreement between the calculated and observed vibrational frequencies. Vibrational assignments for the stable conformers are reexamined in view of the latest experimental data. Infrared bands of less stable conformers previously reported by two of the present authors are reasonably assigned on the basis of the results of normal-coordinate calculations. Characteristics features of some normal modes of individual conformers are discussed in detail. © 1989.

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  • Raman and infrared studies on the molecular structures of poly(1,4-phenylenevinylene) and poly(2,5-thienylenevinylene)

    Yukio Furukawa, Akira Sakamoto, Mitsuo Tasumi

    Journal of physical chemistry   93 ( 14 ) 5354 - 5356  1989年

     概要を見る

    The Raman and infrared spectra of poly(1,4-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) and poly(2,5-thienylenevinylene) (PTV) show that extensive π-electron conjugation take place in both polymers. There are indications that the phenylene ring in PPV is considerably different from a typical p-phenylene ring. The peak wavenumbers and bandwidths of a few Raman bands of PTV depend on the excitation wavelength. This observation is explained as a result of existence of segments with various lengths of π-electron conjugation. No bands in the Raman spectrum of PPV show such behavior.

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  • Raman spectra of polypyrrole and its 2,5-13C-substituted and C-deuterated analogues in doped and undoped states

    Y. Furukawa, S. Tazawa, Y. Fujii, I. Harada

    Synthetic Metals   24 ( 4 ) 329 - 341  1988年

     概要を見る

    Raman and optical absorption spectra were studied on electrochemically polymerized polypyrrole in as-polymerized doped (highly conductive), partially undoped and substantially undoped 'neutral' (insulating) states. Vibrational assignments were made on the basis of the data of 2,5-13C-substituted and C-deuterated derivatives. The Raman result of the neutral polymer is consistent with the α,α′-linked all-s-trans coplanar and conjugated structure. In the as-polymerized polymer there exist both radical cation and dication in which the bond orders of C3C4 and interring CC are increased as compared to those in the neutral polymer. The structural distortion in the dication is greater than that in the radical cation. Changes in optical absorption and Raman spectra during reduction (undoping) were explained by the conversions of the dication to the radical cation and the radical cation to the neutral species. © 1988.

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  • Vibrational Spectra and Structure of Polyaniline

    Y. Furukawa, F. Ueda, Y. Hyodo, I. Harada, T. Nakajima, T. Kawagoe

    Macromolecules   21 ( 5 ) 1297 - 1305  1988年

     概要を見る

    Vibrational spectra have been studied on polyaniline in various forms with different electrical properties: two conducting forms, as-polymerized (2S) and doped 1A polyanilines
    and three insulating forms, reduced-alkali-treated (1A), acid-treated 1A (IS), and oxygen-treated 1A [1A(O2)] polyanilines. Polyaniline 1A is spectroscopically evidenced to be poly(imino-l,4-phenylene), -(NHC6H4)n-. Polyaniline 1S consists of imino-l,4-phenylene (IP) unit (-NHC6H4-) and its salt unit (-NH2 +A--C6H4-, (A-, anion)). Treatment of 1A with oxygen converts part of consecutive IP units (-NHC6H4NHC6H4-) to nitrilo-2,5-cyclo-hexadiene-l,4-diylidenenitrilo-l,4-phenylene (NP) unit (-N=C6H4=NC6H4-). Semiquinone radical cations of IP units exist only in the conducting forms of polyaniline, 2S and doped 1A, indicating that semiquinone radical cations play an important role in electrical conduction in polyaniline. © 1988, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

    DOI

    Scopus

    648
    被引用数
    (Scopus)
  • Density of vibrational states in trans-polyene: comparison with the infrared, Raman and neutron spectra of trans-polyacetylene

    Hideo Takeuchi, Tsutomu Arakawa, Yukio Furukawa, Iseei Harada, Hideki Shirakawa

    Journal of Molecular Structure   158 ( C ) 179 - 193  1987年

     概要を見る

    The density of states has been calculated for the in-plane and out-of-plane vibrations in the infinite trans polyene chains. Comparison of the density of states spectra with the IR and Raman spectra of trans-polyacetylenes, (CH)x, (13CH)x and (CD)x, shows that most of the weak bands as well as the strong bands arise from the trans polyene segments in the polymer films. The IR bands newly assigned to the trans segments include the 740 cm-1 band, which was previously assigned to remnant cis CC bonds. The IR spectra of (13CH)x and (CD)x clearly indicate that the amount of remnant cis bonds in thermally isomerized trans films is much smaller than that proposed previously. The hydrogen-amplitude-weighted density of states calculated for the infinite polyene chain also shows satisfactory agreement with a neutron inelastic scattering spectrum of trans-(CH)x. © 1987.

    DOI

    Scopus

    52
    被引用数
    (Scopus)
  • Vibrational spectra of polyaniline and its deuterated and 15N-substituted derivatives

    Yukio Furukawa, Takeki Hara, Yukiko Hyodo, Issei Harada

    Synthetic Metals   19 ( 1-3 ) 1007  1987年

    DOI

    Scopus

    1
    被引用数
    (Scopus)
  • ONE-DIMENSIONAL CONJUGATED CARBYNE - SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES

    K AKAGI, M NISHIGUCHI, H SHIRAKAWA, Y FURUKAWA, HARADA, I

    SYNTHETIC METALS   17 ( 1-3 ) 557 - 562  1987年01月

    DOI

    Scopus

    83
    被引用数
    (Scopus)
  • Vibrational key bands and electrical conductivity of polythiophene

    Y Furukawa, M Akimoto, I Harada

    Synthetic Metals   18 ( 1-3 ) 151 - 156  1987年

     概要を見る

    Infrared and Raman spectra of neutral polythiophene were analyzed on the basis of the data of oligomers (α-bithiophene, α-terthiophene, α-quaterthiophene, and α-sexithiophene) and deuterated and 2,5-13C-substituted polythiophenes. Vibrational assignments were confirmed including those of key bands useful in deriving the degree of polymerization (Ndp), the average number of s-trans conjugated successive rings (Nc), and the amount of distorted part (kink) relative to that of conjugated part (Ak). It is possible to estimate Ndp, Nc, and Ak from the vibrational spectra of a neutral film. Among ten films prepared under different conditions, the one which showed the highest electrical conductivity (2.0×102 Scm-1) on maximum iodine doping exhibited the largest Nc (&gt
    6) and the smallest Ak but an intermediate (5th) Ndp (20). The film with the largest Ndp (35) happened to show Nc smaller and Ak larger than those of the above-mentioned film and the conductivity was 5.0×10 Scm-1. Hence, a small number of kinks (i.e., abundance of long conjugated segments) is indispensable for a polymer film to gain high electrical conductivity at the doped state. © 1987.

    DOI

    Scopus

    350
    被引用数
    (Scopus)
  • Vibrational spectra of polyaniline and its 15N- and 2H-substituted derivatives in as-polymerized, alkali-treated and reduced states

    Y. Furukawa, T. Hara, Y. Hyodo, I. Harada

    Synthetic Metals   16 ( 2 ) 189 - 198  1986年

     概要を見る

    Raman spectra of polyaniline and its 15N- and 2H-substituted derivatives were studied in as-polymerized (conductive), alkali-treated (insulating) and electrochemically reduced (insulating) states. Emeraldine and N,N′-diphenyl-p-benzoquinone diimine were also studied. The CN stretching and some other vibrations were assigned on the basis of the isotopic shifts of the Raman wavenumbers. The presence of quinone diimine (Q) and p-disubstituted benzene (φ) structures was identified in alkali-treated samples (2A) by the 632.8 and 457.9 nm excited spectra in resonance and preresonance with the 630 and 330 nm absorptions, respectively. Together with the infrared NH stretching bands, these observations give experimental evidence of: (1) the head-to-tail polymerization and (2) the partial structure of 2A, -Q-φ-(NH-φ)x-Q-φ-(NH-φ)y-. The partial structure is the same for samples prepared electrochemically and chemically except that the composition (x, y, etc.) depends on the synthetic conditions in both cases. In the quinone diimine part (Q′) of as-polymerized samples (2S), electrons are more delocalized than in the corresponding part of 2A, since the CN stretching wavenumber is about 137 cm-1 lower than that of 2A. In the course of reduction of 2S, such modified quinone diimine parts are changed into p-disubstituted benzene structure and the fully reduced samples (1S) are mostly composed of p-disubstituted benzene. The presence of the electron-delocalized quinone diimine parts in 2S is closely related to its high electrical conductivity. © 1986.

    DOI

    Scopus

    127
    被引用数
    (Scopus)
  • Correlation between vibrational spectra and electrical conductivity of polythiophene

    M. Akimoto, Y. Furukawa, H. Takeuchi, I. Harada, Y. Soma, M. Soma

    Synthetic Metals   15 ( 4 ) 353 - 360  1986年

     概要を見る

    Polythiophene films synthesized by electrochemical polymerization under various conditions were undoped and redoped maximally with iodine. The electrical conductivity of the redoped films was in the range 2 × 102 - 5.9 S cm-1. Vibrational spectra of the undoped films were analysed on the basis of those of model compounds including 2,2′-bithiophene, 2,2′:5′,2″-terthiophene and 2,2′:5′,2″:5″,2′-quaterthiophene. First, the intensity ratio of the infrared CH out-of-plane bending bands at 697 (2-substituted thiophene) and 787 cm-1 (2,5-substituted thiophene) is a clue to the degree of polymerization. Secondly, the intensity ratio of the infrared double-bond symmetric and antisymmetric stretching bands reflects the distribution in length of the conjugated segment. Finally, the intensities of three Raman bands at 1155, 682 and 652 cm-1 give information about the amount of distorted structure around the inter-ring C-C bonds. From the comparison of the spectroscopic and conductivity data, it is concluded that a high degree of polymerization alone is not adequate for a doped film to have high electrical conductivity but abundance of long conjugated coplanar segments is the requisite condition. © 1986.

    DOI

    Scopus

    154
    被引用数
    (Scopus)
  • Vibrational analysis of polyacetylene and copoly(acetylene+acetylene-d <inf>2</inf>): In-plane vibrations of trans-polyene chains

    Hideo Takeuchi, Yukio Furukawa, Issei Harada, Hideki Shirakawa

    The Journal of Chemical Physics   84   2882 - 2890  1985年12月

     概要を見る

    Normal coordinate calculations have been performed for the in-plane vibrations of several trans-polyene chains from butadiene to polyacetylene in order to obtain a set of force constants commonly applicable to short and long polyenes. The force field finally obtained consists of short range forces, which are primarily determined by the frequency data on short polyenes, and long range interactions which are important in explaining the data on polyacetylene. The long range interactions between the C=C stretching coordinates as far as the fifth neighbor have significant effects on the dynamical properties of the infinite chain. Frequencies of some Raman active vibrations are greatly lowered by the long range terms to become comparable with the experimental frequencies of polyacetylene. These vibrations shift to higher frequencies steeply as the phase difference between adjacent HC=CH units increases from zero. Such steep dispersion as well as the other features of calculated dispersion curves are fully consistent with the expectation based on the Raman spectra of copoly(acetylene + acetylene-d2). Further support for the dispersion curves is given by a general agreement between the experimental Raman spectra and theoretical spectra calculated for model copolymer chains using an approximate equation of resonance Raman intensity. © 1986 American Institute of Physics.

    DOI

    Scopus

    48
    被引用数
    (Scopus)
  • RAMAN AND INFRARED STUDIES ON TRANS-COPOLY(ACETYLENE + ACETYLENE-D2) - VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCY DISPERSION AND THE ORIGIN OF DOPING-INDUCED ABSORPTIONS

    H TAKEUCHI, Y FURUKAWA, HARADA, I, H SHIRAKAWA

    JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS   80 ( 6 ) 2925 - 2930  1984年

    DOI

    Scopus

    25
    被引用数
    (Scopus)
  • VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY ON PARTLY HYDROGENATED TRANS-POLYACETYLENES

    Y FURUKAWA, T ARAKAWA, H TAKEUCHI, HARADA, I, H SHIRAKAWA

    JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS   81 ( 7 ) 2907 - 2914  1984年

    DOI

    Scopus

    32
    被引用数
    (Scopus)
  • MATRIX-ISOLATION INFRARED AND ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF LESS STABLE CONFORMERS OF 1,3,5-HEXATRIENE

    Y FURUKAWA, H TAKEUCHI, HARADA, I, M TASUMI

    JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE   100 ( JUL ) 341 - 350  1983年

    DOI

    Scopus

    40
    被引用数
    (Scopus)
  • MOLECULAR-FORCE FIELDS OF S-TRANS-1,3-BUTADIENE AND THE 2ND STABLE CONFORMER

    Y FURUKAWA, H TAKEUCHI, HARADA, I, M TASUMI

    BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN   56 ( 2 ) 392 - 399  1983年

    DOI

    Scopus

    114
    被引用数
    (Scopus)
  • FORMATION OF STABLE [3+2] CYCLOADDUCTS IN REACTIONS OF BENZOTHIAZOLIUM N-PHENACYLIDE WITH METHYLENECYCLOPROPENES

    Y FURUKAWA, HARADA, I, M TASUMI, H SHIRAKAWA, S IKEDA

    CHEMISTRY LETTERS   ( 10 ) 1489 - 1492  1981年  [査読有り]

  • SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES ON HIGHLY CONDUCTING DOPED POLYACETYLENES AND MODEL COMPOUNDS.

    Issei Harada, Yukio Furukawa, Mitsuo Tasumi, Hideki Shirakawa, Sakuji Ikeda

        144 - 145  1980年12月

  • Spectroscopic studies on doped polyacetylene and β-carotene

    Issei Harada, Yukio Furukawa, Mitsuo Tasumi, Hideki Shirakawa, Sakuji Ikeda

    The Journal of Chemical Physics   73 ( 10 ) 4746 - 4757  1980年

     概要を見る

    In order to elucidate the structural details of doped polyacetylene (a highly conducting organic polymer), the optical absorption, Raman, and infrared spectra of not only trans-(CH)xdoped with iodine, AsF5, and SO3but also β-carotene doped with iodine and SO3were studied. The infrared spectra of two kinds of isotopically substituted polyacetylenes (CD)xand (13CH)xdoped with iodine were also observed. Analysis of the experimental results shows that upon doping each of the four vibrational branches (ν1-ν4) in the 1600-900 cm-1region of a polyene chain splits into two groups, namely, the higher frequency group and the lower frequency one. The former group consists of the &quot;gerade&quot; vibrations of polyene parts which are not directly attacked by dopants but are perturbed along the chain, whereas the latter is made up of the &quot;ungerade&quot; vibrations of the positively charged polyene part with the doped site at its center. The Raman bands in the higher-frequency group of ν1(mainly the C = C stretching mode) observed with various laser lines give definite information on the segments of conjugated trans double bonds existing in doped polyacetylene. The Raman spectra are also useful for clarifying the structures of dopants. In the infrared spectra of doped trans-(CO)xand (13CH)xthe bands appearing on doping all showed respective isotope shifts which confirmed the view that these bands are of vibrational origin. In many respects doped β-carotene proved to be a useful model of doped trans-polyacetylene. © 1980 American Institute of Physics.

    DOI

    Scopus

    282
    被引用数
    (Scopus)

▼全件表示

書籍等出版物

  • 赤外分光法

    赤尾賢一, 田隅三生, 長谷川健, 古川行夫( 担当: 共著)

    講談社  2018年04月

  • ラマン分光法

    濵口宏夫, 岩田耕一, 加納英明, 古川行夫, 山本達之, 吉川正信( 担当: 共著)

    講談社  2015年03月

  • 物性化学

    古川 行夫( 担当: 単著)

    講談社  2015年03月

  • 赤外・ラマン分光法

    古川行夫, 高柳正夫( 担当: 共著)

    講談社  2009年07月

  • ラマン分光,第5版実験化学講座3基礎編III物理化学下

    日本化学会編/丸善  2003年

  • 「赤外分光光度計」,新・光学技術ハンドブック

    朝倉書店  2002年

  • Vibrational Spectroscopy of Conjugated Polymers in Handbook of Vibrational Spectroscopy

    John, Wiley & Sons  2002年

  • Near-infrared FT-Raman Spectroscopy, in Near-Infrared Spectroscopy - Theory, Instruments, Applications, eds by H.W. Siesler, Y. Ozaki, S. Kawata, H.M. Heise

    Wiley-VCH  2002年

  • 導電性高分子材料の開発と応用(山本隆一監修)弟1章弟1節 導電性高分子の理論

    技術情報協会  2001年

  • Electronic Spectra of Conjugated Polymers and Oligomers, In Handbook of Advanced Electronic and Photonic Materials and Devices

    Academic  2001年

  • 新高分子実験学 第7巻高分子の構造(3) 分子分光法(共著)

    共立出版  1996年

  • 高純度化技術大系 第1巻 分析技術(共著)

    フジ・テクノシステム  1996年

  • FT-IRの基礎と実際 第2版(共著)

    東京化学同人  1994年

  • 第4版実験化学講座6分光I(共著)

    丸善  1991年

  • Vibrational Spectra and Structure, Vol. 19 (共著)

    Elsevier  1991年

  • ラマン分光学(共著)

    学会出版センター  1988年

  • 化学の領域増刊140号赤外・ラマン・振動[II](共著)

    南江堂  1983年

▼全件表示

共同研究・競争的資金等の研究課題

  • PEDOT:PSSにおけるカスケード・ドーピングの解明と熱電材料の開発

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業

    研究期間:

    2022年04月
    -
    2026年03月
     

    古川 行夫

  • 重水素置換p型有機半導体を用いた有機薄膜太陽電池の高効率化

    文部科学省  科学研究費補助金 挑戦的萌芽研究

    研究期間:

    2014年
    -
    2015年
     

    古川 行夫

  • 熱刺激赤外分光法の開発と有機半導体薄膜におけるキャリアトラップの分子構造解析

    文部科学省  科学研究費補助金 挑戦的萌芽研究

    研究期間:

    2012年
    -
    2013年
     

    古川 行夫

  • 高周期典型元素不飽和化合物の化学:新規物性・機能の探索

    文部科学省  学術創成研究費

    研究期間:

    2005年
    -
    2009年
     

    時任 宣弘

  • 振動シュタルク効果の新しい測定法と解析法の開発

    文部科学省  科学研究費補助金 萌芽研究

    研究期間:

    2006年
    -
    2008年
     

    古川 行夫

  • 顕微ラマン分光法を用いた有機薄膜多層構造における電気化学現象の解明と物性制御

    文部科学省  科学研究費補助金 基盤研究(A)

    研究期間:

    2004年
    -
    2006年
     

    古川 行夫

  • 導電性ポリマーの電場効果ドーピング超伝導の探索

    文部科学省  科学研究費補助金 萌芽研究

    研究期間:

    2002年
    -
    2004年
     

    古川 行夫

  • 反射吸収赤外分光法を用いた金属表面-有機薄膜界面の構造と電場誘起過程の研究

    文部科学省  科学研究費補助金 基盤研究(B)

    研究期間:

    1999年
    -
    2001年
     

    古川 行夫

  • 電子・光機能性共役高分子・低分子の分子設計

    文部科学省  特定領域研究(A)

    研究期間:

    1999年
    -
     
     

    古川 行夫

  • 位相-変調ラマン分光法による共役高分子の光誘起過程の研究

    文部科学省  科学研究費補助金 基盤研究(C)

    研究期間:

    1995年
    -
    1996年
     

    古川 行夫

  • 振動スペクトルによる機能性分子の構造化学的研究

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業

    研究期間:

    1993年
     
     
     

    田隅 三生, CLARK Robin, 鳥居 肇, 岡本 裕巳, 古川 行夫

     概要を見る

    本研究は元来平成5年度日本学術振興会日英科学協力事業共同研究に申請したものであったが、諸般の事情により採択自体の決定が平成5年12月10日に行われ、更にその後研究経費の申請を文部省国際学術研究に提出する等の手続きを行ったため、平成5年度の実質的な研究期間はわずか2カ月程度にすぎない。このような短期間の研究についての成果報告であるため、現状の中間報告であることをあらかじめ明らかにしておきたい。
    平成6年1月に日本側から2名が英国側分担者であるクラーク教授の研究室を訪問し、共同研究の実施方法について協議した。その結果、英国側が現在実験を行っているスクアラートイオンの構造と振動スペクトルの解析に対して、日本側が非経験的分子軌道計算及び基準振動計算の面で協力することになった。これについて、日本側が2カ月程度の間に行った結果を以下に述べる。なお、このテーマ以外にも、2、3の課題について共同研究を行う可能性があり、双方で現在検討している。
    スクアラートイオン(C_4O_4^<2->)は、D_<4h>という高い対称性を持つ2価の陰イオンであり、共役π電子系を持つ炭素原子の4員環と、各炭素原子から放射状に結合した酸素原子からなる。このイオンは、赤外・ラマン不活性な3つのモード(a_<2g>,b_<2u>)を除く全ての振動モードの振動数が実測されているため、陰イオンの振動を理論的に取り扱う際に問題となる振動数の基底関数依存性や、共役π電子系を持つ分子の振動に重要な電子相関の影響について定量的な議論を行う上での格好の具体例となる。本研究では、様々な近似レベルでの非経験的分子軌道法を用いて振動計算を行い、その結果得られた振動数を実験値と比較することにより、上述の点についての考察を行った。
    分子軌道計算は、電子相関の影響を全く考慮しないHartree-Fock(HF)レベルのほか、電子相関の影響を2次、3次の摂動法によりとりいれるMP2、MP3レベルで行った。基底関数としては、6-31G*のほか、diffuseな関数を含む6-31+G*,6-31+G(df)を用いることにより、陰イオンの振動数に対するdiffuseな関数の影響を見積った。用いた計算プログラムは、Gaussian92である。
    計算の結果、基底関数依存性は、低波数振動とC=O伸縮振動において特に顕著に見られることがわかった。例えば、低波数のa_<2u>モード(実測値259cm^<-1>)とb_<2g>モード(294cm^<-1>)の波数差は35cm^<-1>であるが、HF/6-31G*レベルでの計算ではこれが-14cm^<-1>となる。この振動数差は、HF/6-31+G*,HF/6-31+G(df)レベルでは、それぞれ26,25cm^<-1>となり、実験結果に近づく。したがって、陰イオンの振動を理論的に取り扱うには、diffuseな関数を基底関数に含めることが必要であることがわかる。しかも、その影響は一部の振動モードにおいて特に顕著に見られることがわかる。
    一方、電子相関の影響は、1000cm^<-1>以上の環振動、C=O伸縮振動モードにおいて顕著に見られる。例えば、1090cm^<-1>のe_uモードと1123cm^<-1>のb_<2g>モードの波数差(実験値)は33cm^<-1>であるのに対し、HF/6-31G*レベルでの計算ではこれが99cm^<-1>となり、MP2/6-31G*レベルでは-40cm^<-1>となる。この振動数差は、MP3/6-31G*レベルでは30cm^<-1>となり、実験値を再現する。また、C=O伸縮振動モードのうち、e_u,b_<1g>の対称種に属するモード(1530,1593cm^<-1>)の振動数差については、実験値63cm^<-1>に対し、HF/6-31G*,MP2/6-31G*,MP3/6-31G*レベルでそれぞれ145,19,83cm^<-1>となる。したがって、スクアラートイオンの振動を理論的に取り扱うには、MP3程度の高いレベルでの計算が必要であることがわかる。
    今後、MP3/6-31+G*のような、電子相関の取り扱い及び基底関数双方の面で高いレベルでの計算、およびnondynamicalな電子相関の影響のみを考慮するCASSCFレベルでの計算を行う予定である。

  • 時間分解フーリエ変換赤外分光法による励起三重項分子のコンフォメーション解析

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業

    研究期間:

    1991年
    -
    1992年
     

    田隅 三生, 岡本 裕巳, 古川 行夫

     概要を見る

    先に開発した非同期式時間分解フーリエ変換赤外分光光度計を、本研究の目的に適合するよう顕微分光装置と組み合わせた。これは、レーザー光で照射される試料部分は点状となるため、その点状部分に赤外光を絞り込むことにより、励起分子の赤外吸収を測定することを目的としたものである。レーザーとしてQスイッチ付き連続発振Nd:YAGレーザーを用い、非線形光学材料BBO結晶でこのレーザーの基本波(1064nm)と2倍波(532nm)とを混合し、3倍波(355nm)を発生させた。出力は最高15mWが得られた。時間幅約70ns,くり返し2kHzのパルスをQスイッチングにより発生させ、これを試料に照射できるようにした。この測定装置を用いて、室温の固体試料(KBrの錠剤)について行った測定では、アクリジンの励起三重項に由来する吸収が観測されたが、他の有機化合物については、酸化とみられる化学反応やレーザーパルスによる局所的温度上昇、試料分子の蒸発といった望ましくない現像も鋭敏に検出された。そこで、赤外顕微鏡の試料台に置くことができる超小型冷却装置を用い、120K程度の低温、真空下での測定を試みた。これにより、室温、空気中での測定と比べて、励起三重項状態等についての赤外スペクトルの測定が容易になる可能性が高まっている。この超小型冷却装置では、乾燥窒素またはアルゴンを冷却媒体とすることにより80Kから320Kまでの任意の温度を設定することができるが、現在はアルゴンを媒体として120Kでベンゾフェノン,4-フェニルベンゾフェノン,ベンジリデンアニリン等の芳香族分子について、355nm光照射中及び照射後の赤外スペクトルを測定し、その結果を解析している。低温においても光照射による局所的温度上昇が起こり、これによるスペクトルの変化と光物理学的あるいは光化学的変化とを分離することが重要であることが明らかとなった。

  • 電場変調FT-IRによる導電性高分子のキャリアー構造とダイナミックスの研究

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業

    研究期間:

    1990年
     
     
     

    古川 行夫

  • 新しい方式による時間分解フ-リエ変換赤外分光光度計の試作とその応用

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業

    研究期間:

    1990年
     
     
     

    田隅 三生, 増谷 浩二, 古川 行夫

     概要を見る

    「非同期式」時間分解フ-リエ変換赤外分光光度計を試作し,強誘電性液晶の電場配向過程における時間分解赤外スペクトルを測定することができた。その結果,本研究で初めて開発された「非同期式」は1から100マイクロ秒程度の寿命をもつ過渡種の構造とダイナミクスを研究するのに有用であることが示された。
    (1)非同期式時間分解フ-リエ変換赤外分光光度計の組み立て
    過渡現象の励起として,液晶の場合にはパルスジェネレ-タ-を,フタロシアニンの場合にはパルスレ-ザ-(Nd:YAGレ-ザ-の第二高調波,532nm)を使用した。励起はFTーIRのサンプリングと非同期に行った。これが本方式の新しい点であり,時間分解測定を簡単に行える要因になっている。分光器には日本電子(株)JIRー5500を使用した。試料の過渡信号をMCT検知器でうけたのち,プリアンプで増幅し,ボックスカ-積分器のゲ-ト(EG&G PAR162,165)を用いてゲ-ト検出した。この信号を分光器に戻し,分光器のロ-パスフィルタ-で高周波成分を取り除くとともに通常のデ-タ処理を行いスペクトルを得る。励起からゲ-トまでの遅延時間を変えて時間分解スペクトルを得る。本装置の最小時間分解能は0.5μs程度であり,検知器の応答で制限されている。現在のシステムでは,検知器の周波数特性と干渉計の可動鏡の速度の制限から,励起の繰り返しは6kHz以上が望ましい。
    (2)測定結果 装置の基本性能を検査するために光弾性変調器による偏光面の回転を測定したところ,正確な結果が得られた。強誘電性液晶を厚さ4μmのセルにいれて表面安定化状態とし,電圧印加に伴う分子の配向過程の時間分解赤外スペクトルを測定した。分子の長軸の運動と長軸回りの運動に違いが観測された。フタロシアニンのキャスト膜について光励起種の時間分解赤外スペクトルの測定を試みている。

  • フ-リエ変換紫外・可視・近赤外励起ラマン分光法の開発とその構造化学への応用

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業

    研究期間:

    1989年
    -
    1990年
     

    田隅 三生, 古川 行夫, 林 秀則

     概要を見る

    1064nm励起フ-リエ変換ラマン分光光度計を組みたてて,導電性高分子と光合成色素の研究の研究を行なった。
    (1)1064nm励起フ-リエ変換ラマン分光光度計の組み立て
    励起レ-ザ-には,連続発振Nd:YAGレ-ザ-(CVI社Cー92)の1064nm光を用いた。分光計は日本電子(株)のJIRー5500を近赤外用に改造して使用した。散乱光の集光は軸外しの放物面鏡を用い後方散乱配置で行なった。散乱光は,誘電体蒸着の長波長透過フィルタ-でレイリ-光をラマン光程度まで弱められたのち,分光器に入射される。入射光は干渉計で振幅変調をうけたのち検知器で検出され,さらに,分光光度計により通常のデ-タ処理をうけてスペクトルに変換される。
    (2)測定結果
    2・1導電性高分子 Naをド-プしたポリパラフェニレンビニレンではド-パント量が多い場合も少ない場合も観測されたスペクトルはバイポ-ラロンに帰属された。ド-プ量が少ない場合にはポ-ラロンのみが生成するという定説は,この系には当てはまらないことがわかった。Naをド-プしたポリアセチレンでは,ド-パント量の増加に伴い電導度の急激な増加とパウリ常磁性の出現が報告されているが,それらに対応する二段階のスペクトル変化が観測された。ヨウ素を多量にド-プしたポリアセチレンでは電導度の違いによりラマンスペクトルに違いが観測されスペクトルと電導度に相関がある可能性がある。
    2・2光合成色素 Rhodobacter sphaeroides blueーgreen mutantの膜標品のスペクトルを測定した。膜標品には脂質やタンパク質,色素などが含まれているが,観測されたバンドはすべてバクテリオクロロフィルaに帰属された。モデル化合物の測定結果から,中心金属であるMgは5配位であり,すべてのCOは水素結合をしていることがわかった。

  • ラマン分光による短寿命分子種の研究

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業

    研究期間:

    1988年
    -
    1990年
     

    田隅 三生, ATKINSON GEO, 古川 行夫

     概要を見る

    下記のように,二つの方向での研究を行った。
    1.生体内及び抽出されたカロテノイドの電子励起状態によるピコ秒時間分解共鳴ラマン散乱
    光合成細菌クロマチウム・ビノスムの光捕集色素・蛋白質複合体に含まれているカロテノイドであるスピリロキサンチンについて,生体膜(クロマトフォア)に含まれている状態と抽出したのちベンゼン溶液とした状態でピコ秒時間分解共鳴ラマンスペクトルを測定した。その結果から,最低励起一重項状態,最低励起三重項状態,基底状態におけるこの分子の動的挙動について多くの有用な情報が得られた。とくに,最低励起一重項状態は基底状態と同じ全対称(に近い)の対称性をもっているため,吸収やけい光の測定からは情報を得ることが困難な励起状態であり,この点でピコ秒時間分解共鳴ラマン分光法は極めて有用な手法である。最低励起一重項状態と基底状態からのラマンバンドについて,強度の時間依存性を比較すると,最低励起一重項状態から基底状態の高振動励起状態への直接の緩和が起き,それは50ピコ秒以内で完了することが明らかとなった。この測定で得られる基底状態からのラマンバンドは,室温での通常のラマン測定で得られるラマンバンドに比較して幅が広く,また非対称な形状をもっている。この事実は,基底状態の高振動励起状態に過渡的に存在する分子数がふえていることを意味する。また,生体内でのスピリロキサンチンについては,励起一重項状態から励起三重項状態が生成することが認められたが,抽出物については認められなかった。この事実は,生体内でスピリロキサンチン2分子が極めて近い位置に存在しており,励起一重項状態と基底状態とからいわゆるフィッション過程によって励起三重項状態が生成する可能性があることを示唆している。生体内スピリロキサンチンの励起一重項状態の緩和速度は,ベンゼン溶液中でのそれよりも速い。これは,生体内では上記のような緩和過程の他に,バクテリオクロロフィルにエネルギ-を渡すことによる緩和過程も存在していることに対応している。以上のような実験結果に加えて,生体内スピリロキサンチンについては,コヒ-レントスト-クスラマン散乱が観測された。これはやゝ異常な結果であるが,生体試料溶液が若干のにごりをもっており,これによって位相整合条件が見かけ上成立していないような場合でも,コヒ-レントスト-クスラマン散乱が観測されたものと考えることができる。
    2.生体内及び抽出されたカロテノイドにおける振動緩和
    上記の研究で用いたのと同じ生体内カロテノイド試料とベンゼン溶液について,ピコ秒時間分解アンチスト-クスラマン散乱を測定した。このアンチスト-クスラマン散乱は,励起一重項状態からの緩和によって生成する基底状態の高振動励起分子に由来するもので,その散乱強度の時間依存性から励起一重項からの緩和速度と基底状態における振動緩和の速度に関する情報が得られた。ベンゼン溶液中では,アンチスト-クスラマン散乱強度はレ-ザ-パルス光で励起後約10ピコ秒で最大となり,その後減衰するが,その減衰速度は約15ピコ秒である。生体試料については,全体の傾向は同様であるが,最大強度に達するまでの時間がベンゼン溶液に比べて短く(約8ピコ秒),その後の減衰速度はほぼ同じである。このような結果は既に得られた励起一重項状態からの緩和過程に関する知見と矛盾せず,カロテノイドの電子励起状態全体に関する描像をより明確化することに役立った。また,アンチスト-クスラマン散乱バンドのピ-ク波数を精密に測定すると,励起一重項状態からの緩和で生成する基底状態の高振動励起状態が振動量子数4以上のものであることが明らかとなった。今後,このようなアンチスト-クスラマン散乱の精密測定から,種々の分子について励起状態及び基底状態の緩和機構に関する多くの有用な知見を得ることができると期待される。

  • 紫外共鳴ラマン分光による調節蛋白一遺伝子相互作用とその動的過程

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業

    研究期間:

    1987年
    -
    1990年
     

    原田 一誠, 外山 聡, 橋本 慎二, 内多 潔, 竹内 英夫, 廣谷 恵理, 古川 行夫

     概要を見る

    本研究は3つの段階に分けられる。第1は紫外ラマン分光装置の製作,第2はタンパク質,核酸の高次構造を反映する紫外ラマンマ-カ-バンドの表の充実,第3は,第1と第2の成果を踏まえて、遺伝情報の転写を調節する調節タンパク質の紫外共鳴ラマンスペクトルを測定,解析して,その調節機構の一端を構造化学的に理解することである。
    1.紫外ラマン分光装置の製作:既存の可視ラマン分光装置を改良し,紫外光源としてNd:YAGレ-ザ-(第2,3,4,5高調波)とラマンシフタ-を併用し,マルチチャンネル紫外ラマン分光装置を作製した。
    2.タンバク質・核酸構造マ-カ-バンド表の充実と応用:タンパク質主鎖のアミド結合,イミド結合(Pro),芳香族側鎖(Trp,Tyr,Phe,His),核塩法であるプリン,ピリミジン環の紫外ラマンバンドに関する基礎的な研究を行い,「ラマンマ-カ-バンド表」の充実を行った。また,ス-パ-オキシドジスムタ-ゼやバクテリオロドプシンの紫外共鳴ラマンスペクトルを初めて観測し,表に基づいて解析して有用な構造知見を得た。
    3.調節タンバク質CRPとそのcAMP複合体の水溶液中の構造:調節タクパク質の1つであるcAMP受容タンパク質(CRP)は2量体として存在し,cAMP取り込みにより構造変化して特定の塩基配宣列に強く結合する。CRP同士が会合していない希薄溶液(〜50μM)について紫外鳴ラマンスペクトルを測定し解析したところ、一方のサブユニットの逆平行βバレルにcAMPが取り込まれると,そのサブユニットのみならず他方のβバレル構造も大きく変化することがわかった。また,取り込まれたcAMPはsyn型であり,アデニン環のN7位,C6NH_2位とタンパク質との水素結合により安定化されている。

  • 時間分解近赤外ラマン分光法による導電性高分子の電子励起状態の研究

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業

    研究期間:

    1989年
     
     
     

    古川 行夫

  • 実用的フーリエ変換ラマン分光計の試作

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業

    研究期間:

    1988年
     
     
     

    田隅 三生, 増谷 浩二, 古川 行夫

     概要を見る

    本研究では、近赤外フーリエ変換ラマン分光法が、可視ラマン分光法では測定できないけい光性物質のラマンスペクトルを得るのに有効であり、工業分析へ充分、応用できることを示した。
    日本電子(株)製JIR-100フーリエ変換赤外分光光度計に以下に記す改修を行い、フーリエ変換ラマン分光光度計を製作した。(1)ラマン散乱の励起光としてCVI社製連続発振Nd:YAGレーザーYAGMAX C-92型の1064nm光(出力0.9W)を使用した。レーザーから放出される近赤外光を除くために干渉フィルターを用いた。(2)レイリー光を除去するために、Microcoatings社の長波長パスフィルターまたはゼロ分散型デュアルモノクロメーターを用いた。(3)ラマン光を干渉計に導くための光学系を取り付けた。(4)干渉計はJIR-100のものを用い、分光器内のタングステンランプによる迷光を除くために、可視光除去フィルター、タングステンランプのon/off回路、迷光防止隔壁を取り付けて、迷光を減少させた。(5)検出器としてNorth Coast社製Ge検知器EO-817L(NEP=1×10^<-15>W/√<Hz>)を使用した。以上の改修を行って製作した分光器を用いてラマンスペクトルの測定を行った。可視光励起ではけい光が強くラマンスペクトルが測定できない試料としてローダミン6G、SN比のよいスペクトルが得られない試料としてアントラセンの測定を行ったが、両試料ともに良質のラマンスペクトルが得られ、近赤外フーリエ変換ラマン分光法により、けい光性物質のスペクトルを測定できることがわかった。また、「現場の試料」として劣化したポリエチレンのスペクトルを測定することができ、工業分析への応用の可能性を示した。
    以上、ラマン分光法の欠点である「けい光性物質のスペクトルを得ることができない」という点をかなり克服することができる実用的フーリエ変換ラマン分光光度計を製作することができた。

  • 振動分光法によるcAMP受容蛋白質とDNAとの相互作用に関する研究

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業

    研究期間:

    1987年
     
     
     

    原田 一誠, 廣谷 恵理, 古川 行夫, 内田 潔, 竹内 英夫

     概要を見る

    大腸菌の代謝調節因子の一つとして転写開始の調節による酸素合成の制御がある. 調節蛋白の一つCAMP受容蛋白質(CRP)は単独ではDNAと特異的な結合はしないが, CAMPを取り込むとDNAの特定部位と結合し, RNA合成酵素の働きを制御する. CAMP-CRP複合体がどのようにしてDNA塩基配列を認識するかを理解する上で, CAMP-CRP-DNA結合体の立体構造を知ることは重要である. 本研究では, 円偏光二色性と紫外共鳴ラマンを含むラマン分光法によりCRPとDNAとの相互作用を研究することを目的としている. 本年度はCRPの精製, DNA22マーの合成, CDスペクトルの測定を行った. また, 蛋白-核酸相互作用を理解する上での基礎として, オリゴペプチドLys-Trp-Lys, Lys-Tyr-Lysとポリアデニル酸, ポリ(dA-dT)との複合体のラマンスペクトルを測定し解析した. CRPは大腸菌より単離・精製した. DNA22マーは液相法により合成した. DNA22マーは二重鎖B型構造をとることをCDスペクトルにより確認した. これに, CAMPをとり込んだCRPを加えると複合体を形成し, DNAの構造は一部C型に変化することが明らかとなった.
    Lys-Trp-LysとLys-Tyr-Lysは, ポリアデニル酸やポリ(dA-dT)と水素結合やスタッキングにより複合体を形成する. Lys-Tyr-Lysでは強い水素結合が複合体形成の主要因であるがLys-Trp-Lysでは, Trpのインドール環とアデニン環とのスタッキングも起こっている. このような, アミノ酸側鎖と核酸塩基の選択的相互作用の組み合せ, 積み重ねにより特定の蛋白によるDNA特定部位の認識が可能となると考えられ, 今後さらにくわしい検討を行う予定である.

  • Organic thin-film solar cells

  • Study on organic light-emitting diodes

  • Study on infrared and Raman spectroscopy

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Misc

  • Structural properties of perovskite films on zinc oxide nanoparticles-reduced graphene oxide (ZnO-NPs/rGO) prepared by electrophoretic deposition technique

    Ayi Bahtiar, Euis Siti Nurazizah, Efa Latiffah, R. Risdiana, Yukio Furukawa

    AIP Conference Proceedings   1927  2018年02月

     概要を見る

    Perovskite solar cells highly believed as next generation solar cells to replace currently available inorganic silicon solar cells due to their high power conversion efficiency and easy processing to thin films using solution processing techniques. Performance and stability, however still need to be improved for mass production and widely used for public electricity generation. Perovskite solar cells are commonly deposited on Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) film as an effective electron transport layer (ETL). We used Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) as ETL in perovskite solar cells due to the low temperature required for crystallization and can be formed into different shapes of nanostructures. However, perovskite film can easily degrade into insulating lead iodide due to deprotonation of the methylammoniumcation at the surface of ZnO-NPs, in particular when it stored in ambient air with high relative humidity. The degradation of perovskite layer is therefore needed to be overcome. Here, we capped ZnO-NPs with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to overcome the degradation of perovskite film where ZnO-NPs is synthesized by sol-gel method. The average nanoparticle size of ZnO is 15 nm. ZnO-NPs and ZnO-NPs-rGO films are prepared using electrophoretic deposition technique, which can produce large area with good homogeneity and high reproducibility. The stability of perovskite layer can significantly be improved by capping ZnO with rGO, which is indicated by absence of color change of perovskite after storage for 5 (five) days in ambient air with relative humidity above 95%. Moreover, the X-Ray Diffaction peaks of perovskite film are more preserved when deposited on ZnO/rGO film than using only ZnO film. We strongly believe, by capping ZnO film with rGO, both the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells can be improved significantly.

    DOI

  • Optical, structural and morphological properties of ternary thin film blend of P3HT:PCBM:ZnO nanoparticles

    Ayi Bahtiar, Siti Halimah Tusaddiah, Wendy Paramandhita S. Mustikasari, Lusi Safriani, Mariah Kartawidjaja, Kei Kanazawa, Ippei Enokida, Yukio Furukawa, Isao Watanabe

    Materials Science Forum   827   119 - 124  2015年

     概要を見る

    Ternary blend film of conjugated polymer, fullerene and inorganic nanoparticles has intensively studied as active material for high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of hybrid solar cells. The mixing of two electron acceptor materials consisting of organic fullerene and inorganic nanoparticles with electron donor conjugated polymer is strongly believed can improve the PCE of solar cells. This ternary blend will increase exciton dissociation efficiency due to the increase of interface area between donor and acceptor materials where exciton dissociation takes place. We have studied optical, structural and morphological properties of ternary thin films containing blend of conjugated polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene (P3HT):fullerene derivative PCBM:Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) by measuring their optical absorption, crystal structure and thin film surface morphology. The aim of this research is to ensure that the P3HT, PCBM and ZnO-NP are well mixed both in solutions and in thin films. The ZnO-NP was prepared by using sol-gel method. The average particle size of ZnO-NP is 40 nm as derived from UV-Vis spectrum and confirmed with TEM image. Thin blend films were prepared by using spin-coating method. The UV-Vis spectra show that conjugated polymer P3HT, PCBM and ZnO-NP are well mixed both in solutions and in thin films. Moreover, the well mixed of these three materials are also verified by the XRD pattern and SEM image of the ternary blend film.

    DOI

  • An improved method for lifetime prediction based on decoupling of the joule self-heating effect from coulombic degradation in accelerated aging tests of OLEDs

    Toshihiro Yoshioka, Kazunori Sugimoto, Kyoko Katagi, Yoshiyuki Kitago, Masaru Tajima, Satoshi Miyaguchi, Tetsuo Tsutsui, Ryota Iwasaki, Yukio Furukawa

    Digest of Technical Papers - SID International Symposium   45 ( 1 ) 642 - 645  2014年

     概要を見る

    We successfully improved the prediction accuracy of the driving lifetime in organic light emitting diodes based on numerical fitting of the luminous degradation curves and the decoupling of the self-heating effect from coulombic effects. Model phosphorescent multilayer OLEDs with CBP:Ir(ppy)3 emission layers are used. © 2014 Society for Information Display.

    DOI

  • Preparation of ZnO Nanoparticles for Blend of P3HT:ZnO Nanoparticles:PCBM Thin Film and Its Charge Carrier Dynamics Characterization

    Lusi Safriani, Annisa Aprilia, Ayi Bahtiar, Risdiana, Mariah Kartawidjaja, Trisa Apriani, Kei Kanazawa, Yukio Furukawa

    PADJADJARAN INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM 2013 (PIPS-2013): CONTRIBUTION OF PHYSICS ON ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENERGY CONSERVATIONS   1554   101 - 104  2013年

     概要を見る

    Recently, many researchers have paid attention to develop active material of solar cell which plays an important role in absorbing solar spectrum. This active material should have an ability to transfer charge carrier resulted from the absorption of solar spectrum. The hybrid organic-inorganic solar cell has been developed due to the combining advantages between organic material Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and fullerene PCBM with inorganic material ZnO nanoparticles. The investigation of charge carrier dynamics in blend P3HT:ZnO nanoparticles:PCBM film as an active material of solar cell devices is an important things to enhance the solar cell performance. The charge carrier dynamics properties is needed to control the morphology of active material to produce an efficient and effective charge dissociation. In this study we synthezed the ZnO nanoparticles by using sol-gel methods. The size of nanoparticles resulted from the reflux process of zinc acetate in methanol by the presence of catalist sodium hydroxide is around 10 nm. Photo-induced Infra-red (PI-IR) Absorption Spectroscopy was used to investigate the charge carrier dynamics of P3HT:ZnO nanoparticles:PCBM thin film. Measurement of PI-IR Absorption Spectroscopy has been carried out under variation of temperature conditions from 78 to 300 K, using a 532-nm laser as a light source. At low temperature, the charge carrier recombination was performed by positive polarons along the intrachain of P3HT while at high temperature the charge carrier recombination was attributed to positive polarons along the interchain of P3HT.

    DOI

  • Vibrational Spectroscopy of Organic Thin Films Used for Solar Cells

    Yukio Furukawa

    PADJADJARAN INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM 2013 (PIPS-2013): CONTRIBUTION OF PHYSICS ON ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENERGY CONSERVATIONS   1554   5 - 8  2013年

     概要を見る

    We review infrared and Raman analyses of thin films of organic semiconductors used for active layers in organic solar cells. We present Raman study of blend (bulk heterojunction) films of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C-61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). The contents of the crystalline region of P3HT in the blend films prepared by various methods were estimated by Raman spectroscopy. Temperature dependence of photoinduced infrared absorption from a P3HT: PCBM blend film gives the activation energy of the recombination of photoinduced positive and negative carriers. The activation energies for P3HT: PCBM blend films with various PCBM contents were obtained. It has been demonstrated that infrared and Raman spectroscopy is useful for evaluating thin films of P3HT:PCBM blend films used for organic solar cells.

    DOI

  • Raman and Infrared Spectroscopy of Organic Electronic Devices

    Y. Furukawa

    ICONO 2010: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COHERENT AND NONLINEAR OPTICS   7993  2011年

     概要を見る

    We present Raman and infrared studies on the structures of organic semiconductor thin films used for electronic devices. The Raman spectra of crystalline and amorphous states of an organic semiconductor, N,N'-di-1-naphthaleyl-N,N'-diphenyl-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (N PD), were measured. These states give rise to slightly different peak positions and widths of each Raman band. Raman images were observed for polycrystalline pentacene films evaporated on a silicon substrate. The structural defects were found in the images of the intensity ratio I-1596/I-1533, which reflects the orientation of molecules i.e., crystalline domains. Photoinduced infrared absorption from the composite of regioregular poly(3-dodecylthiphene) and C-60 was measured by the difference FT-IR method. The observed absorption is attributable to photogenerated carriers. The action spectra of photoinduced infrared absorption are explained by electron transfer from photogenerated excited states on a polymer chain to C-60.

    DOI

  • 初めての安定なアントリルジホスフェン類の合成・構造・性質

    津留崎陽大, 長洞記嘉, 笹森貴裕, 松田一成, 金光義彦, 渡辺恭彰, 細井宜伸, 古川行夫, 時任宣博, 京大化研, 京大生存基盤, 早大理工

    第37回構造有機化学討論会 ,札幌市    2007年10月  [査読有り]

  • 速度論的に安定化されたジゲルミンの酸化還元挙動

    杉山佑介, 笹森貴裕, 時任宣博, 古川行夫

    日本化学会第86回春季年会 ,船橋市    2006年03月  [査読有り]

  • 初めての安定な中性含スズ芳香族化合物の合成・単離とその性質

    水畑吉行, 武田亘弘, 笹森貴裕, 時任宣博, 古川行夫

    日本化学会講演予稿集   86th ( 1 ) 417  2006年03月  [査読有り]

    J-GLOBAL

  • 新規な高周期15族元素間二重結合化合物の合成と性質(BCSJ賞受賞依頼講演)

    笹森貴裕, 笹森貴裕, 新居欣三, 武田亘弘, 岡崎廉治, 古川行夫, 木村将浩, 永瀬茂, 時任宣博, 京大化研, 東大院理, 早大理工, 子研

    第82日本化学会秋季年会 ,大阪    2002年09月  [査読有り]

  • Scientific contributions of Mitsuo Tasumi

    GH Atkinson, Y Furukawa, H Okamoto

    JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A   106 ( 14 ) 3253 - 3254  2002年04月

    その他  

    DOI

  • 速度論的に安定化された9-シラアントラセンの構造および反応性

    篠原朗大, 篠原朗大, 武田亘弘, 時任宣博, 古川行夫

    第28回ヘテロ原子化学討論会 ,さいたま    2001年12月  [査読有り]

  • Spectroscopic Studies on the Radical-Cation Dimer of a Model Compound

    J. Phys. Chem. B   101 ( 10 ) 1726 - 1732  1997年

    DOI

  • DEPENDENCIES OF THE RAMAN-SPECTRA OF P-OLIGOPHENYLS ON THE CHAIN-LENGTH AND THE EXCITATION WAVELENGTH

    H OHTSUKA, Y FURUKAWA, M TASUMI

    SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY   49 ( 5-6 ) 731 - 737  1993年05月

     概要を見る

    The 1064 nm excited Raman spectra of p-terphenyl, p-quaterphenyl, p-quinquephenyl and p-sexiphenyl have been observed and compared with the 514.5 nm excited spectra. Dependencies of intensities of some major bands on the chain length and the excitation wavelength are discussed in terms of the preresonant Raman effect. A method for estimating the chain length from relative intensities is proposed.

  • OBSERVATION OF THE INFRARED AND RAMAN-SPECTRA OF P-BENZOQUINODIMETHANE IN LOW-TEMPERATURE AR MATRICES

    Y YAMAKITA, Y FURUKAWA, M TASUMI

    CHEMISTRY LETTERS   1993/2,311-314 ( 2 ) 311 - 314  1993年02月

     概要を見る

    The infrared and Raman spectra of p-benzoquinodimethane have been observed in low-temperature Ar matrices. The infrared spectrum obtained has proved to be more reliable and useful than the existing numerical data on the absorption wavenumbers and qualitative intensities. The Raman spectrum has been observed for the first time. Vibrational assignments of bands characteristic of this quinoid molecule are discussed on an experimental basis.

    DOI

  • ASYNCHRONOUS TIME-RESOLVED FOURIER-TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY

    K MASUTANI, H SUGISAWA, A YOKOTA, Y FURUKAWA, M TASUMI

    APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY   46 ( 4 ) 560 - 567  1992年04月

     概要を見る

    A novel asynchronous time-resolved FT-IR spectrophotometer based on a conventional continuous-scan interferometer has been developed. In contrast to the existing methods, this method does not require the synchronization between the signal for time resolving and that for the sampling of the A/D converter. The signal-processing assembly for time-resolved measurements consists of a pulse generator, a pulse delay circuit, a gate circuit, and a low-pass filter. This assembly can be attached to any conventional FT-IR spectrophotometer. By this method, time-resolved spectra without any spectral distortion or artifacts can be obtained for repetitive fast phenomena. As an application of this method, time-resolved FT-IR measurements have been carried out for the reorientation process in a ferroelectric liquid crystal induced by the reversal of external electric field, and a time resolution of 0.5-mu-s or less has been achieved. The present system is best suited for observing repetitive transient phenomena with lifetimes in the range from approximately 1-mu-s to 1 ms.

    DOI

  • INFRARED-SPECTRA OF A TI(O-N-BU)4-ALET3 CATALYST AND VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA OF HIGHLY-CONDUCTING POLYACETYLENE

    Y FURUKAWA, Y IMAI, H OHTA, M TASUMI

    SYNTHETIC METALS   41 ( 1-2 ) 91 - 94  1991年04月

     概要を見る

    A new method for measuring infrared spectra of a Ti(O-n-Bu)4-AlEt3 catalyst is developed. Upon heat treatment of the catalyst, formation of linear and/or cyclic oxo-complexes of titanium having the Ti-O-Ti linkage is suggested. The existence of oxo-complexes seems to be correlated with high electrical conductivity of resulting polyacetylene upon full iodine-doping. Raman spectra arising from doped domains have been obtained for the first time by Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy with 1064-nm excitation. Even at full iodine-doping, the polymer chain does not have a uniform bond order, and contains doped domains in which bond alternation persists. Small differences are observed between the Raman spectra of conventional and new highly-conducting polyacetylenes.

  • 1064-nm-Excited Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy of Conducting Polymers

    Spectrochimica Acta   47A/9-10,1367-1373  1991年

  • REACTIONS OF THIOPHENE AND METHYLTHIOPHENES IN THE INTERLAYER OF TRANSITION-METAL ION-EXCHANGED MONTMORILLONITE STUDIED BY RESONANCE RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY

    Y SOMA, M SOMA, Y FURUKAWA, HARADA, I

    CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS   35 ( 1 ) 53 - 59  1987年02月

    DOI

  • VIBRATIONAL ANALYSIS OF POLYACETYLENE AND COPOLY(ACETYLENE + ACETYLENE-D2) - INPLANE VIBRATIONS OF TRANS-POLYENE CHAINS

    H TAKEUCHI, Y FURUKAWA, HARADA, I, H SHIRAKAWA

    JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS   84 ( 5 ) 2882 - 2890  1986年03月

    DOI

  • X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY OF SODIUM-DOPED POLYACETYLENE

    IKEMOTO, I, T ICHIHARA, C EGAWA, K KIKUCHI, H KURODA, Y FURUKAWA, HARADA, I, H SHIRAKAWA

    BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN   58 ( 2 ) 747 - 748  1985年

    記事・総説・解説・論説等(学術雑誌)  

    DOI

  • DEPENDENCE OF VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA AND CONDUCTIVITIES OF POLYACETYLENES ON ISOMERIZATION PROCESSES AND HYDROGENATION

    HARADA, I, Y FURUKAWA, T ARAKAWA, H TAKEUCHI, H SHIRAKAWA

    MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS   117 ( 1-4 ) 335 - 342  1985年

  • ROLE OF LONG CONJUGATED SEGMENTS IN THE ELECTRICAL PROPERTY OF TRANS-POLYACETYLENE

    T ARAKAWA, Y FURUKAWA, H TAKEUCHI, HARADA, I, H SHIRAKAWA

    CHEMISTRY LETTERS   1984/10,1637-1640 ( 10 ) 1637 - 1640  1984年

    DOI

  • RAMAN AND INFRARED STUDIES ON TRANS-COPOLY(ACETYLENE + ACETYLENE-D2) - VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCY DISPERSION AND THE ORIGIN OF DOPING-INDUCED ABSORPTIONS

    H TAKEUCHI, Y FURUKAWA, HARADA, I, H SHIRAKAWA

    JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS   80 ( 6 ) 2925 - 2930  1984年

    DOI

  • CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES OF POLYACETYLENES

    H SHIRAKAWA, HARADA, I, Y FURUKAWA, M TASUMI, S IKEDA

    MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS   86 ( 1-4 ) 1955 - 1955  1982年

    研究発表ペーパー・要旨(国際会議)  

  • Raman studies on donor-doped trans-polyacetylenes.

    Furukawa Yukio, Harada Issei, Tasumi Mitsuo, Shirakawa Hideki, Ikeda Sakuji

    Chemistry Letters   1981/10,1489-1492 ( 10 ) 1489 - 1492  1981年

     概要を見る

    The Raman spectra of donor-doped trans-polyacetylenes have been studied. They are different from the Raman spectra of either intact or acceptor-doped trans-polyacetylene. A model structure of donor-doped trans-polyacetylene is proposed.

    DOI CiNii

  • SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES ON BETA-CAROTENE DOPED WITH IODINE AND SULFUR-TRIOXIDE - DOPED POLYACETYLENE MODELS

    HARADA, I, Y FURUKAWA, M TASUMI, H SHIRAKAWA, S IKEDA

    CHEMISTRY LETTERS   ( 3 ) 267 - 270  1980年

    DOI CiNii

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現在担当している科目

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特別研究期間制度(学内資金)

  • 有機電子デバイスの基盤研究と高性能デバイスの開発

    2005年10月
    -
    2006年09月

    イギリス   ケンブリッジ大学

    アメリカ   スタンフォード大学

他学部・他研究科等兼任情報

  • 理工学術院   大学院先進理工学研究科

  • 附属機関・学校   グローバルエデュケーションセンター

学内研究所・附属機関兼任歴

  • 2022年
    -
    2024年

    理工学術院総合研究所   兼任研究員

  • 2022年
    -
    2024年

    各務記念材料技術研究所   兼任研究員

  • 2022年
    -
    2024年

    カーボンニュートラル社会研究教育センター   兼任センター員

特定課題制度(学内資金)

  • 大気中二酸化炭素の直接回収(DAC)における高性能回収液の開発

    2023年  

     概要を見る

    大気中の二酸化炭素(CO2)濃度は現在410 ppm程度となり,地球温暖化の主な原因と考えられている.大気中のCO2を直接回収するダイレクトエアキャプチャー(Direct Air Capture, DAC)は,地球温暖化を解決する方法の一つである.大気中のCO2濃度が低いために,DACでは固体CO2回収剤が開発されているが,CO2回収に大きなエネルギーが必要であり,回収エネルギーが小さな方法の開発が必須である.本研究では,これまで燃焼後CO2回収に使用されてきた代表的アルカノールアミン,モノエタノールアミン(MEA)の溶液を用いてDAC用CO2吸収剤としての性能を研究した.液体回収剤はCO2濃度が低い場合に使用できないとの思い込みがあるが,アミン溶液の性質から使用可能ではないかと予測した.回収エネルギーを小さくするため,液体吸収剤の溶媒として,比熱が小さく,沸点が高いDMSOを使用した.MEAのDMSO溶液(濃度30 wt%)を大気下に長時間,静置してCO2を吸収させた.吸収されたCO2とMEAが反応してMEAカルバメートが生成することが既に分かっており,MEAカルバメート濃度を13C-NMRで測定して,吸収されたCO2量を決定した.吸収初期速度は0.178 mol/L hであり,25時間経過後からほぼ飽和し,飽和CO2濃度は2.20 mol/Lであった.純粋なCO2気体をバブルした場合には吸収速度は5.88 mol/L hで,飽和CO2濃度は3.18 L/molであった.400 ppmは全圧を1 atmとすると0.0004 atmであるが,純粋なCO2気体の場合と比較して,飽和CO2吸収濃度は純粋気体の場合の69%と大きな値であった.MEAのDMSO溶液は低濃度CO2気体からも多量のCO2を吸収することが分かった.太陽熱調理器を用いて,晴天の日に,CO2を吸収したMEA/DMSO溶液を加熱したところCO2放散量は100%であった.現在NEDOで開発されている小型DAC装置の性能は5 kg/dである.MEA/DMSO吸収液で大気下でCO2を24 h吸収し,太陽熱ですべてを放散できる装置を考えると,24 h後のCO2吸収濃度は1.74 mol/Lであり,約65 Lの吸収液の装置となる.太陽熱を利用すると回収エネルギーもかなり小さくなり,この方式を用いたDAC装置は有望である.

  • 非水溶媒を用いた高性能二酸化炭素回収液の開発

    2022年  

     概要を見る

    代表的アミンである2-アミノエタノール(MEA)の30 wt%DMSO溶液(MEA濃度,5.28 mol/L)に関して,CO2吸収・放散性能とCO2再生エネルギーの評価を行った.赤外スペクトル測定からMEAとCO2の反応の主生成物はカルバメートであった.13C-NMRでカルバメートの濃度を測定し,吸収されたCO2量を決定した.室温での飽和吸収量は3.29 mol/Lであり,120 °Cで2.08 mol/LのCO2を放散した.このときの再生エネルギーの見積値は4.56 GJ/ton-CO2であった.30wt%MEA水溶液で120 °C放散では再生エネルギーは12.8 GJ/ton-CO2と見積もられており,溶媒をDMSOに代えることにより,再生エネルギーが大幅に小さくなることが分かった.

  • 二酸化炭素回収のエネルギー効率評価に向けた熱力学モデルの構築

    2021年  

     概要を見る

    CO2回収剤であるアミン水溶液では,CO2放散に必要な再生熱を小さくすることが必要である.本研究では反応熱の精密計算に基づいて再生熱を計算する方法を考案した.アミンとCO2の反応では多くの化学平衡が成り立つ.反応熱の計算では,吸収と放散の温度とCO2分圧を初期条件として,吸収と放散におけるすべての化学種の濃度を計算し,各反応の進行度を求めて,各反応エンタルピーと反応進行度から,全反応熱を計算した.顕熱と気化熱は従来の方法で計算した.反応熱と顕熱,気化熱の和を再生熱とした.幾つかのアミンに関して再生熱を計算した.高性能なアミンAMPとIPAEでは再生熱が小さくなった.この方法は高性能CO2回収剤の開発に役立つ.

  • 時間分解赤外分光法によるP3HT:PCBM混合膜におけるキャリヤー再結合過程

    2020年  

     概要を見る

    ステップ走査FT-IR分光計(JASCO FT/IR-6800)とパルスNd:YAGレーザー(波長532 nm,パルス幅5 ns,繰り返し10 Hz)を組み合わせて,時間分解能が10 μsの時間分解赤外吸収測定装置を組み立てた.この装置を用いて,高分子太陽電池材料である位置規則性ポリ(3-ヘキシルチオフェン)(P3HT)とPCBMの混合膜に関して,マイクロ秒領域における光誘起赤外吸収の減衰を観測した.この赤外吸収はP3HT鎖上に生成した正ポーラロン(正キャリヤー)に由来し,観測された減衰は2種類の再結合過程(2次反応)に回帰された.78Kで,速度定数は1.6´10−12と1.2´10−13 cm3/sであった.

  • 新規有機無機ハイブリッドペロブスカイトの合成と物性に関する研究

    2019年  

     概要を見る

    太陽電池の新規材料開発を目的とし,有機無機ハイブリッドペロブスカイトABX3で,A = (NH2)3C(GAと略す),B = Sn,X = SCNの新規材料を合成した.60 mgのGASCN粉末と115 mgのSn(SCN)2粉末を混合し,窒素雰囲気下で,温度を60, 80, 100, 120 °Cに変えて20時間加熱した.すべての生成物で,着色し,またX線回折が観測され,原料は消滅した.80 °Cで純度の高い試料が合成され,PDXL IIで結晶構造を推定したところ,三斜晶系で,格子定数はa = 11.648 Å, b = 14.329 Å, c = 11.491 Å, α = 112.71 °, β = 99.489 °, γ = 70.909 °であった.

  • 高分子の赤外スペクトルの外部電場効果に関する研究

    2018年  

     概要を見る

    Infrared Stark spectra for a Nylon 6 filmwere measured under electric fields from 0.99 to 1.5 MV/cm at 77 K using asandwich-type cell with a BaF2/Al/Nylon 6/Al structure. The broad asymmetricinfrared and Stark spectra observed for amide I (C=O stretch) were fitted withthree components: 1637-cm−1 band (b-sheetstructure), 1645- and 1663-cm−1 bands (disordered hydrogen-bonded structures).The change in the dipole moment between the ground and the first excited vibrationalstates for amide I (b-sheetstructure) was determined to be 0.064 D/f, where f is a local field correctionfactor.

  • ヨウ化鉛ペロブスカイト結晶のラマンスペクトルの研究

    2017年  

     概要を見る

    高効率太陽電池の材料として注目されているヨウ化鉛ペロブスカイトCH3NH3PbI3の結晶粉末を固めて,110から340 Kの温度範囲で,830 nm光を励起光としてラマンスペクトルを測定した.直方晶系から正方晶系への転移T = 162 Kにおいてバンド幅,特にN+H3非対称変角振動のバンド幅,の大きな変化が観測され,秩序・無秩序型の一次転移であることを示している.正方晶系から立方晶への転移T = 327 Kでは変化が小さかった.また,CH3N+H3の回転運動に帰属される250cm−1付近のバンドは温度上昇とともにバンド幅が小さくなり,モーショナルナローイングによるものと考えられる.

  • ラマン分光法による高分子イオン液体トランジスタのキャリア解析

    2016年  

     概要を見る

    イオン液体をゲートとするトランジスターは,高濃度までドーピングレベルを制御できるドーピング法である.本研究では,イオン液体トランジスター配置でPBTTT-C16やMEH-PPVなどの共役高分子をドーピングし,ラマン分光法でキャリヤー(正ポーラロンまたは正バイポーラロン)を同定し,電気化学的方法により,ドーピングレベル,電気伝導率,キャリヤーの移動度を求めた.MEH-PPVでは生成したキャリヤーは正ポーラロンであったが,PBTTT-C16では低いドーピングレベルから正バイポーラロンが生成する特異な性質をもつことが分かった.正バイポーラロンの移動度は,2.8%/パイ電子のドーピングレベルで,3.9 cm2/V sと高い値が得られた.

  • 核磁気共鳴分光法を用いたピペラジン誘導体と二酸化炭素の反応に関する研究

    2015年  

     概要を見る

    1-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine (1-HE-PZ) (10wt%) とN-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) (20 wt%)の混合アミン水溶液に二酸化炭素気体を150 mL/minでバブルして,バブル開始から5min間隔でサンプリングして,13C-NMRスペクトルを測定した.HCO3-/CO32-(NMRでは区別できない)と1-HE-PZのカルバメートが生成した.二酸化炭素吸収の初速度は0.15 mol/L minであった.次に,二酸化炭素気体を飽和するまで吸収させ,その後93℃で30 min加熱して,加熱前後の水溶液の13C-NMRを測定した.加熱により,窒素原子 1 molあたりの二酸化炭素の量(ローディング)が変化した.-0.64であった.この混合アミン水溶液は高い性能を示した.

  • ドナー・アクセプター型共役高分子の光誘起赤外吸収に関する研究

    2014年   なし

     概要を見る

    ドナー・アクセプター型共役高分子の代表である PTB7とPC71BMのバルクへテロ接合薄膜に関して,光照射により生成する正・負キャリヤーの再結合過程の活性化エネルギーを求めた.PTB7とPC71BMを重量比1:1でジクロロベンゼンに溶かし,スピンコート法により作成した薄膜に関して,FT-IR差スペクトル測定法により,532 nm光照射により変化するスペクトル成分を77~300 Kの温度範囲で測定した.光照射により生成した正と負のキャリアが2次反応で再結合し,その再結合速度定数がアレニウス型の活性化エネルギーで表されると仮定するモデルを用いて,測定したデータを解析したところ,活性化エネルギーは54 meVであった.

  • 有機ポリマー・金属酸化物ハイブリッド太陽電池の開発とキャリア特性の研究

    2013年  

     概要を見る

    活性層として,特に,2013年度に高い変換効率が報告され,研究が急速に発展している有機無機ペロブスカイト(CH3NH3PbI3)微結晶に注目し,研究を進めた.インジウム・スズ酸化物(ITO)/緻密TiO2層/メソポーラスアルミナ:CH3NH3PbI3/spiro-OMeTAD/Au構造の太陽電池を作製して,電流・電圧特性を測定し,光電変換効率を求めた.緻密TiO2層はゾル・ゲル法で作製した.前駆体のスピンキャストの回転数を変えて,加熱形成後のTiO2膜厚を変化させて,太陽電池を作製して変換効率を測定した結果,180 nmが最も高い値を与えた.スパッタ法でのTiO2薄膜の作製を試みたが,よい変換効率を得ることはできなかった.X線回折を測定し,有機無機ペロブスカイト結晶ができていることを確認した.また,可視吸収スペクトルの測定から,可視領域に幅広い吸収が観測された.メソポーラスアルミナ:ペロブスカイト結晶層は,ペロブスカイト結晶の溶液をアルミナ層にしみこませて作製した.この過程で,溶液の濃度を変えて,太陽電池を作製して変換効率を測定した.40 wt%とほぼ飽和溶液を使用した際に,最も高い変換効率を得た.メソポーラルアルミナ:ペロブスカイト結晶層の厚さを変えて太陽電池を作製して変換効率を測定した結果,300 nmが最も高い変換効率を与えた.以上の条件検討の結果,1.6%の変換効率を得た.また,光励起FT-IR分光法により,位置規則性ポリ(3-ヘキシルチオフェン)とPCBM,ZnO系に関して,光誘起赤外吸収の温度変化を測定し,キャリア移動の活性化エネルギーを求めた.試料として,P3HT, P3HT/ZnO, P3HT:PCBM, P3HT:PCBM/ZnO, P3HT:PCBM/ZnOナノ粒子/ZnOを測定し,ZnOの影響を調べた.その結果,ZnOの存在で活性化エネルギーが小さくなった.これはZnOの大きな電子移動度により,負キャリアの移動が容易になったためと考えられる.

  • 熱刺激赤外吸収法の開発と有機半導体薄膜におけるキャリアトラップの化学構造解明

    2011年  

     概要を見る

    熱刺激赤外分光法の開発の第一歩として,有機薄膜太陽電池の活性材料として高い光電変換効率を示し,代表的な材料となっている,位置規則性ポリ(3-アルキルチオフェン)(アルキル=ヘキシル,オクチル,ドデシル)と[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)の混合物(バルクへテロ接合)薄膜に関して,532 nmのレーザー光を励起光として,差フーリエ変換赤外分光測定法により,光誘起赤外吸収を観測した.観測されたスペクトルは幅広い電子遷移と振動遷移が干渉した複雑なバンド形を示した.このスペクトルは,高分子鎖の上に生成した正キャリア(正ポーラロン)に由来することが明らかにされている.観測した赤外吸収強度の温度変化を測定したところ,78 Kから昇温すると,強度が弱くなり,この結果は,正と負のキャリアの再結合過程の速度が速くなっていることを示唆している.正と負のキャリアの再結合過程(2分子反応)を速度式で表し,反応速度定数が活性化型で表されると仮定して,観測された温度依存性を解析した.その結果,2種類の並列した再結合過程が存在し,それらの過程に付随する活性化エネルギーを求めたところ,位置規則性ポリ(3-ヘキシルチオフェン)(P3HT):PCBM混合物薄膜では15と81 meVであった.太陽電池では活性層を加熱処理することにより,光電変換効率が上昇することが知られており,P3HT:PCBM薄膜を加熱処理したのち,同様な実験を行ったところ,活性化エネルギーは15と52 meVになった.81 meVの活性化エネルギーはキャリアが高分子鎖間を移動する際のトラップと考えると,加熱処理により,高分子鎖のパッキングが密になり,高分子間移動が容易になると解釈できる.また,アルキル基がオクチル基とドデシル基の場合に関しても,活性化エネルギーを求めた.光誘起赤外吸収により得られるキャリアの活性化エネルギーは,有機薄膜太陽電池の研究に有用である.

  • ラマン分光による有機薄膜の相転移に関する研究

    2009年  

     概要を見る

    有機化合物のラマンスペクトルのバンド波数の温度依存性を測定すると,ガラス転移や相転移,結晶化などに伴って,波数やバンド幅,温度に対する変化率が変化する.本研究では,波数標準であるネオンの発光線をラマンスペクトルと同時測定することにより,スペクトル波数の精密測定を行い,有機超薄膜の熱的性質とラマンスペクトルの関係を明らかにすることを目的とした.有機EL(有機発光ダイオード)の材料であるN,N'-di-1-naphthaleyl-N,N'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (NPD),4,4'-N,N'-dicarbazolebiphenyl (CBP),銅フタロシアニン薄膜(膜厚は100 nm以下)のラマンスペクトル(励起光波長,532と633 nm)の温度依存性を,顕微ラマン分光計(レニショー社)を用いて,室温から200℃まで測定した.加熱には顕微鏡用加熱ステージ(リンカム社)を使用した.真空蒸着法により作成したアモルファス状態の薄膜は,加熱すると結晶化する.この結晶化に伴い,ラマンバンドの高波数シフトとバンド幅の変化が観測された.変化量はラマンバンドにより異なった.また,ガラス転移温度では,波数の温度に対する変化率が異なっている可能性がある.温度変化が大きく現れるラマンバンドは,どのような振動モードであるか明らかにすることは今後の課題である.有機薄膜では物質量が少ないため,通常の熱測定を行うことは難しいが,ラマンスペクトルは,有機薄膜の熱的性質を測定する実験手段となり得ることがわかった.

  • 赤外・ラマン・SFG分光法による有機多層薄膜における埋もれた固体・界面構造の解明

    2008年   細井宜伸

     概要を見る

    有機薄膜トランジスタでは,厚さが50 nm以下の非常に薄い有機半導体薄膜が使用されており,トランジスタ特性を決める要因の一つであるキャリアの移動度は有機薄膜の構造に依存する.赤外・ラマン分光により,このような薄膜における分子配向を研究した.ラマン分光により,薄膜トランジスタに使用されているp型半導体であるペンタセンの薄膜における分子配向を研究した.ボトムコンタクト型では,電極である金の上とSiO2上に形成されるチャネル領域では,配向が異なっていることがわかった.SiO2上では分子長軸が基板面に垂直に近いが,Au上では,傾きが大きくなっている.Au上とSiO2上での配向の違いが構造欠陥となっている可能性が高い.一般に,ボトムコンタクト型はトップコンタクト型よりも電界効果移動度が小さいが,このような構造欠陥に起因している可能性がある.赤外分光により,薄膜トランジスタに使用されているn型半導体であるPTCDI-C8の薄膜における分子配向を研究した.PTCDI-C8分子も基板に対して,分子長軸がほぼ垂直に近い配向をとっていることがわかった.有機薄膜トランジスタにおいて,キャリアは,分子のπ電子平面の重なりにより形成されるカラムを流れると考えられており,分子面が基板に垂直に近いことは,伝導カラムが基板面に平行になっていることと矛盾せず,ペンタセンやPTCDI-C8で大きな電界効果移動度が得られていることを説明できる.

  • 線形・非線形振動分光法による有機半導体/絶縁体界面の分子構造に関する研究

    2007年   細井宜伸

     概要を見る

    有機電界効果トランジスタのn型有機半導体として期待されているN,N'-bis(octyl)perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimine (PTCDI-C8)をSiO2/n-Si基板上に蒸着法により薄膜を作製し,赤外透過吸収スペクトルと振動和周波発生スペクトルを測定した.C=O伸縮振動に注目すると,赤外スペクトルでは,1657 cm-1バンドが強く,1701 cm-1バンドが弱く観測された.一方,振動和周波発生スペクトルでは,1660 cm-1バンドが弱く,1701 cm-1バンドが強く観測された.赤外スペクトルでは,PTCDI-C8の薄膜全体の平均的な配向を反映しており,観測されたバンドの帰属,遷移モーメントベクトルの方向から,PTCDI-C8分子は,PTCDI平面が基板に対して,立っている配向をとっていることがわかる.振動和周波発生スペクトルでは,SiO2基板表面から1分子層程度の領域の配向が反映されていると考えられる.振動和周波発生スペクトルでは異なるスペクトルパターンが観測されており配向の違いがある可能性がある.今後,スペクトルの解析を行ってゆく予定である.また,p型有機半導体として期待されているペンタセンや銅フタロシアニン薄膜のラマンスペクトルから分子配向に関する知見を得た.

  • ラマン分光法による有機EL素子の温度計測

    2007年   細井宜伸

     概要を見る

    ラマンスペクトルでは,ある振動遷移のストークス散乱強度は振動基底状態にある分子数に,アンチストークス散乱強度は振動励起状態にある分子数に比例する.また,振動基底状態と励起状態に存在する分子数は,熱平衡状態ではボルツマン分布に従う.したがって,ストークス散乱とアンチストークス散乱強度比は,温度に依存する.この原理を利用して,ITO/CuPc/NPD/Alq3/LiF-Al構造(デバイスA)とITO/PEDOT-PSS/PF8:F8BT/LiF-Al構造(デバイスB)をもつ有機EL素子の動作時における温度を計測した.デバイスAではCuPcの483 cm-1バンドのストークスとアンチストークス散乱強度比から温度を求めた.181 A/m2の電流でCuPc層の温度が140 ℃であった.熱電対により測定したガラス基板の温度は81℃であり,有機層の温度は基板よいもかなり高いことが明らかとなった.また,デバイスBでは,PEDOTの440 cm-1バンドから温度を求めた.150 mA/cm2の電流密度で動作している場合,PEDOT層の温度は74℃であった.一方,熱電対により測定したガラス基板の温度は41℃であり,このデバイスにおいても有機層の温度はガラス基板よりもかなり高いことが明らかとなった.ガラス基板の厚さに比べ,有機層の厚さは非常に薄いが温度に違いがあることが分かった.ラマン分光法は有機EL素子の有機層の温度を,非破壊,非接触で測定できる方法として有用であることを示した.

  • タンパク質の赤外スペクトルの外部電場効果に関する研究

    2006年   細井 宜伸

     概要を見る

    タンパク質のアミド結合に由来する振動バンドのシュタルク効果と二次構造の関係を明らかにする基礎として,.alpha.-へリックス構造をとる合成ポリペプチドの赤外シュタルクスペクトルについて研究した.poly(.beta.-benzyl-L-aspartate) (PBLA)は,固体フィルムで.alpha.-へリックス構造をとることが知られている.フッ化バリウム基板上にアルミニウムの半透膜を蒸着し,その上に,PBLAのフィルムをスピンキャスト法により作製し,さらにその上にアルミニウムの半透膜を蒸着して,振動シュタルク効果を測定する試料とした.室温において電圧を印可した状態としない状態の赤外差スペクトルをFT-IRを利用して測定した.測定したスペクトルのうちNH伸縮振動,アミドⅠバンドのシュタルク効果を解析した.まず,バンド波形をフィッティングし,そのスペクトルから一次,二次微分スペクトルを計算し,観測されたシュタルクスペクトルを零次,一次,二次スペクトル成分に分割した.さらに,一次成分から分極率差,二次成分から双極子モーメント差を求めた.外部から印可した電場と内部電場との補正係数をfとする.PBLAのNH伸縮では,双極子モーメント差と分極率差は,それぞれ0.24 D2/f,0.28 .ANG.3/f2であった.アミドⅠでは,0.064 D2/f,-2.7 .ANG.3/f2であった.これらの値は.alpha.-へリックス構造をとるpoly(.gamma.-benzyl-L-gultamate) (PBLG)で得られた値と同等であった.

  • 溶融結晶法による有機単結晶トランジスタの開発

    2005年   細井 宜伸

     概要を見る

    熱酸化によりSiO2膜を形成したn+-Si基板を購入し,フォトリソグラフィー法により櫛型電極を作製し,その上に,昇華精製した粉末のテトラチアフルバレン(TTF)をのせて,ヒーターにより116 ℃ まで加熱して融解させたのち,温度を113 ℃ まで急激に下げて過冷却状態にして,結晶化を待ち,有機電界効果トランジスタを作製した.種々のゲート電圧に対して,ドレイン電流・ドレイン電圧を測定したところドレイン電流の飽和を示す良好なp型トランジスタ特性を得ることができた.得られたトランジスタ特性から,ホールの移動度は,3.0 x 10 -5 cm2/Vs,ドレイン電流のオン・オフ比は6 x 102と求めることができた.X線回折を測定したところ,粒径の大きな多結晶状態であった.溶融結晶法により,有機電界効果トランジスタを作製できることを示した.この方法は,融点が低いために,これまで蒸着法では有機電界効果トランジスタを作製することができなかった有機化合物に関して,有機トランジスタを作製する新しい方法となる.今後は,温度制御を精密にして,大きな単結晶を得ることが性能の向上に繋がると思われる.

  • 顕微ラマン分光法による有機超薄膜の構造解析

    2005年   細井 宜伸

     概要を見る

    有機発光ダイオードの典型的な構造(ITO/CuPc/NPD/Alq3/LiF-Al)をもつデバイスに関して,光学定数を用いて各層における電場すなわち光の強度を計算し,ラマンスペクトル測定における励起光強度について明らかにした.励起光の入射角と電場の関係を導いた.有機多層膜構造のラマンスペクトルは,各有機層の厚さ,光強度,散乱断面積(共鳴効果)の三つの要素で決まる.上のデバイスでは,633 nm光励起の場合には,主にCuPcが観測され,532 nm光励起の場合には,CuPcとNPDが観測された.これらの結果では,散乱断面積の影響が大きい.トップ電極として金薄膜を用いて,Au/Alq3/SiO2/n-Si構造の金属・絶縁体・半導体デバイスに関して,電界効果によるキャリア注入がAlq3に及ぼす化学変化をラマン分光により研究した.静電容量・バイアス電圧の関係を測定し,負バイアス電圧領域において正キャリアが注入されることがわかった.また,金薄膜から励起光を入射して顕微ラマンスペクトルを測定したところ,表面増強ラマン効果によるラマン散乱強度の著しい増大が観測され,金電極表面におけるAlq3のラマンスペクトルを測定することができた.さらに,バイアス電圧を変化させてホール注入・放出を繰り返すと,Alq3は化学変化をすることを見出した.この方法は,電極である金属表面における有機半導体の劣化を研究する標準的な方法となり得ることがわかった.金の代わりに,銀を用いると,蒸着しただけでAlq3に化学的な変化が起こった.また,アルミニウムでは表面増強効果が小さく,Alq3のバンドを観測することができなかった.

  • 変調赤外分光法による有機半導体表面のキャリヤーダイナミックスの研究

    2004年  

     概要を見る

    表面に酸化シリコン層(膜厚,200から500 nm)を作製したn-Si基板を使用して,ポリパラフェニレンビニレン誘導体であるMEH-PPVを材料として,高分子電界効果トランジスタを作製し,ドレイン電圧・電流測定と電圧誘起赤外吸収測定を行った.ドレイン電圧・電流特性の測定から,MEH-PPVはp型半導体挙動を示し,また,ドレイン電流の飽和が観測され,良好なトランジスタ特性を示した.電圧誘起赤外吸収測定から,高分子半導体層に注入されて酸化シリコン界面に蓄積されたキャリアの情報を得ることが出来る.トップ電極型とボトム電極型電界効果トランジスタに関するゲート電圧誘起赤外吸収測定の結果から,同じゲート電圧では,トップ電極型の方がボトム電極型よりもキャリアが多く注入されていることが分かった.トップ電極型トランジスタから求められるキャリアの電界効果移動度は,ボトム型の値よりも大きく,この結果は,赤外吸収測定の結果を考え合わせると,キャリア密度が大きい方が移動度が大きくなるからと考えられる.ゲート電圧に対して赤外吸収強度は比例せず,電圧が大きくなるにつれて,強度増加がゆるやかとなり,高いキャリア密度を得ることが難しいこともわかった.また,ゲート電圧を一定として,ドレイン電圧誘起赤外吸収を測定した.ドレイン電圧と赤外吸収強度すなわちキャリア密度はほぼ相関があり,無機半導体を材料とした電界効果トランジスタで観測されるようなチャネルのピンチオフは観測されなかった.

  • 導電性ポリマーを材料とした電界効果トランジスターの開発と超伝導の探索

    2002年  

     概要を見る

    n+-Si基板表面に酸化シリコン層(膜厚,600 nm)を作製した基板上にソースとドレイン櫛形電極(Cr, 10 nm; Au, 30 nm)を蒸着し,ポリパラフェニレンビニレン誘導体であるpoly(2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)1,4-phenylenevinylene) [MEH-PPV]の溶液をキャストして高分子薄膜を製作し,共役高分子電界効果トランジスタを製作した.ソース・ドレイン電極間隔は 25 μm であり,幅は 15 cm であった.室温において,ゲート電圧 0 ~ -80 V で,ソース・ドレイン電圧を 0 ~ -100 V印加してソース・ドレイン電流を測定したところ,飽和特性が観測され,電界効果トランジスタとして作動していることが確認された.また,ソース・ドレイン電流の飽和領域において,ゲート電圧とソース・ドレイン電流のデータから移動度を計算すると,7.3x10-5 cm2/Vs の値が得られた.この値は非晶質シリコンの値と比べるとかなり小さい.ソース・ドレイン電流のオン・オフ比は 2.8x107であった.この値は既に報告されている有機電界効果トランジスタの値と比較して,桁違いに大きく,実用化に耐える値であり,PPV誘導体は有機電界効果トランジスタの材料として有望であることがわかった.位置規則性ポリ(3-ヘキシルチオフェン)(P3HT)を有機半導体として,同様な電界効果トランジスタを作製した.また,デバイスの電荷誘起赤外スペクトルを測定し,電界効果により誘起されたキャリアを観測した.P3HTデバイスを使用して室温からヘリウム温度まで抵抗の温度変化を測定したが,超伝導は観測されなかった.さらに高い誘起電荷密度(すなわちドーピングレベル)を得るために,酸化シリコンよりも誘電率の大きな材料である酸化タンタル(誘電率,約23)などをゲート絶縁体層として使用するために,それらの高品質な薄膜を作製する必要がある.

  • 共役高分子・フラーレン複合体を用いたフォトダイオードの開発と電子移動過程の研究

    2000年  

     概要を見る

     ポリ(3-ドデシルチオフェン)[PDT]とPDT/C60複合体の薄膜をスピンコート法により作製し、紫外・可視吸収スペクトル、赤外吸収スペクトルを測定し、電子状態と分子構造について検討した。また、けい光スペクトル、光誘起赤外吸収スペクトルを測定し、光照射に伴う電子移動過程を研究した。PDT/C60複合体の紫外・可視吸収スペクトルと赤外吸収スペクトルは、それぞれ、PDTとC60のスペクトルの重ね合わせとなっており、基底状態では相互作用はないことがわかった。PDTの電子吸収帯内に位置する波長のレーザー光を照射すると、PDT、PDT/C60複合体共に赤外吸収に新しいバンドを示した。これらのバンドはPDTのキャリヤー(ポーラロン)に帰属された。したがって、光照射によりキャリヤーが生成することがわかった。PDT/C60複合体の光誘起赤外吸収の強度は、PDTの場合よりも10倍以上、強かった。この結果は、C60を混合することにより、キャリヤーの生成効率が上昇することを示している。また、PDTの電子吸収帯の種々の波長を励起光として、光誘起赤外吸収強度のアクションスペクトルを測定した。PDTでは、PDTの電子吸収帯がある範囲では、光誘起赤外吸収強度は弱く、それよりも短波長側で強くなった。これは、可視吸収帯がエキシトンによるもので、バンドギャップは吸収よりも短波長側に位置していると考えることにより説明できる。一方、PDT/C60複合体では、PDTの電子吸収帯内に位置する光で光誘起赤外吸収の強度は強かった。また、PDTにC60を混合することにより、けい光強度は著しく減少する。これらの実験結果は、PDTのエキシトン経由で電子移動が起こり、PDTポリマー鎖に正キャリヤーが生成し、同時にC60アニオンラジカルが生成したと考えられる。また、PDT/C60複合体では可視光でキャリヤーの発生効率が高いので、太陽電池の材料として有望である。

  • ダイナミック赤外分光法によるポリパラフェニレンビニレン誘導体の光誘起過程の研究

    1998年  

     概要を見る

     有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の材料として注目されているポリパラフェニレンビニレン誘導体の一つであるポリ(2,5-ジオクチルオキシパラフェニレンビニレン)(DOO-PPV)に関して、レーザー光を照射したのちサブミリからミリ秒の時間領域で起こる構造変化と動的挙動を、赤外分光法により研究した。DOO-PPVの電子吸収帯内に位置する514.5nmのレーザー光を励起光として使用した。レーザー光強度を正弦変調し、変調された赤外信号の強度と位相遅れを検出する位相・変調法により、78Kで、光誘起赤外吸収スペクトルを測定した。観測された光誘起赤外吸収スペクトルは、化学ドーピングにより生成したポーラロン(スピン1/2,電荷+eまたは-eのキャリヤー)のスペクトルと似ていることから、ポーラロンに帰属され、光照射により電荷分離が起きていることがわかった。位相・変調測定における赤外吸収強度と位相遅れの変調周波数依存性(変調周波数、0.8~20kHz)を測定した。測定結果は、単一指数関数による減衰(1分子過程)では説明できなかった。既に報告されているピコ秒時間領域における結果を考慮して、ポーラロン対(鎖間電荷移動エキシトン)から正と負のポーラロンが分離・生成し、それぞれがDOO-PPVフィルム中を移動したのち再結合して基底状態に戻る(2分子過程)モデルを考えた。このモデルに基づいて速度方程式をたて、数値計算法により速度方程式を積分し、赤外吸収強度と位相遅れを計算した。計算結果は観測結果と良い一致を示した。正と負のポーラロンの再結合速度を求めることができた。位相・変調赤外測定法と数値計算による変調周波数依存性の解析をあわせた方法は、共役高分子の光誘起過程の研究に有用であることを示した。

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